Dexpanthenol is an alcoholic analogue of D-pantothenic acid and cholinergic agent. Dexpanthenol acts as a precursor of coenzyme A necessary for acetylation reactions and is involved in the synthesis of acetylcholine. Although the exact mechanism of the actions of dexpanthenol is unclear,it may enhance the effect of acetylcholine. Dexpanthenol acts on the gastrointestinal tract and increases lower intestinal motility. It is also applied topically to the skin to relieve itching and to promote healing.(NIH,2019)

How it made:

Panthenol is made from d-pantolactone,which is found in honey. Panthenol is not made from honey,but from one of its components: Panthenol is the alcohol form of pantothenic acid (more familiarly known as Vitamin B5). Panthenol is turned into pantothenic acid in a living cell,such as a human being's skin cells. In other words,the substance,panthenol,turns into the vitamin (B5 or pantothenic acid)when it is ingested by the body.(Margo Dill,2019)

Physical and chemical properties:

The density of 1.20

The boiling point of 118-120 ordm;C

The refractive index of 1.495 to 1.502

Specific rotation 30.5 ordm;(c=5,H2O on anh. sub)

Solubility in water soluble(NIH，2019)

Essentially,potassium,which is an important mineral for proper bodily functions,is combined with aspartate,which is the salt compound of aspartic acid. Combining the two together helps the body absorb the potassium more effectively.

The supplement is also one of the most bioavailable forms of potassium supplements,which means that a huge percentage of it quickly enters the system. 

After the supplement is taken orally,the aspartate helps stabilize the potassium and helps carry the minerals through the intestinal walls. 

In this way,the potassium aspartate can work together with the other minerals and substances present in the body,assisting in different bodily functions.（wealthGeek，2003）

How it is made:

One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants,especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.（NIH，2019）

Physical and chemical properties：

Molecular Weight：171.193 g/mol

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count：1

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count：4

Rotatable Bond Count：1

Topological Polar Surface Area：108 A^2

Heavy Atom Count：10
（NIH，2019）

Health effect：

Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate,a natural sweetener,is a kind of potassium glycyrrhizate extracted from licorice. Compared with sucrose,the sweetness intensity is 80~100 times. Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate as a sweetener has the advantages of high sweetness,low cost and high safety. According to the food additive standard,dipotassium glycyrrhizinate can be used as sweetener in flour products.（Guilechem，2010）

How it made：
A widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID,which inhibits 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of CORTICOSTEROIDS. Therefore,glycyrrhizic acid,which is the main and sweet component of licorice,has been investigated for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidismhttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/with sodium retention and potassium loss,edema,increased blood pressure,as well as depression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.（NIH，2019）

Physical and chemical properties:

Molecular Weight：899.123 g/mol

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count：6

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count：16

Rotatable Bond Count：5

Topological Polar Surface Area：273 A^2

（NIH，2019）

2. Taurine

3. L-aspartic acid potassium