https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e en-us 2021-07-19 17:11:11 UTC 2021-07-20 04:37:27 UTC hello@padlet.com https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos/6951089/1968.jpg jmendoza798 https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655030432 Congress passed the Civil Rights Act in 1964, prohibiting discrimination on
the basis of race, color, or national origin. According to Title VI of this act: “No person in the
United States shall, on the ground of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from
participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any
program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance” (Civil Rights Act, sec. 601, 1964).]]> 2021-07-19 18:50:18 UTC https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655030432 jmendoza798 https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655049068 Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act has played an important role in protecting the
educational rights of language-minority students in the United States (see Crawford, 2004;
E. Garcia, 2005; O. García, 2009a; and especially the National Clearinghouse for English
Language Acquisition [NCELA], 2006).]]> 2021-07-19 19:18:56 UTC https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655049068 jmendoza798 https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655052002 Hello Everyone! 
In the next slice, I'm going to explain about the history of bilingual education.
¡Hola a todos!
En la siguiente página, voy a explicar acerca de la historia de la educacción bilingue. ]]> 2021-07-19 19:23:49 UTC https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655052002 jmendoza798 https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655055937 In 1968, the U.S. Congress reauthorized the landmark Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), the largest and most influential federal education policy to date. Title VII of that act, known as the Bilingual Education Act, established a federal goal of assisting “limited-English-speaking” students in the acquisition of English. At first, only poor students were eligible to participate. Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act did not require bilingual education.]]> 2021-07-19 19:30:59 UTC https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655055937 jmendoza798 https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655058898 The educational services was expanded to include students of any socioeconomic status who had
limited English-speaking ability (LESA). The 1974 reauthorization also defined bilingual
education for the first time as “instruction given in, and study of, English and ( to the extent
necessary to allow a child to progress effectively through the education system ) the native language of the children of limited English speaking ability” (quoted in García, 2009a, p. 169; emphasis added). The subsequent 1978 reauthorization of the Bilingual Education Act expanded eligibility for services even further, from students with LESA to students with more general limited English proficiency (LEP), while reinforcing the “transitional” nature of
bilingual education.]]> 2021-07-19 19:36:22 UTC https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655058898 jmendoza798 https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655063376 the 1984 reauthorization of the
Bilingual Education Act also provided funding for programs that used only English in
educating English language learners, although only 4% of the funding was reserved for these
kinds of programs. The 1988 reauthorization of the Bilingual Education Act further
expanded the funding for programs in which only English was used to 25% of programs
funded. Additionally, it imposed a 3-year limit on participation in transitional bilingual
education programs, meaning that schools had 3 years to move English language learners to
fluency in English.]]> 2021-07-19 19:44:14 UTC https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655063376 jmendoza798 https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655064947 A group of Chinese American parents brought a judicial case against the San Francisco school board on the grounds that their children were not receiving an equitable education. The case was brought under the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act. The case, known as Lau v. Nichols, was eventually appealed up to the U.S. Supreme Court and was decided on the basis of Title VI. Justice William O.]]> 2021-07-19 19:47:06 UTC https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655064947 jmendoza798 https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655069876 President George W. Bush in January 2002 signed into the law NCLB's definition of limited English proficient as referring to
those who could not meet proficiency levels in English on state assessments signaled a
significant shift in political culture and ideology.]]> 2021-07-19 19:55:56 UTC https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655069876 jmendoza798 https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655071655 On December 10, 2015, President Barack Obama signed the new reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1968, which was called the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). This law continues the goal of preparing all students for
success in college and career, while providing flexibility for some of NCLB’s more prescriptive requirements.
As with NCLB, the needs of English learners are addressed in ESSA under Title III, “Language Instruction for English Learners and Immigrant Students.” According to Section 3003, “English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement,” the purposes of Title III of ESSA]]> 2021-07-19 19:59:26 UTC https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655071655 jmendoza798 https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655576082 Reauthorization of the Bilingual Education Act further expanded the funding for programs in which only English was used to 25% of programs funded. Additionally, it imposed a 3-year limit on participation in transitional bilingual
education programs, meaning that schools had 3 years to move English language learners to
fluency in English.]]> 2021-07-20 04:15:05 UTC https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655576082 jmendoza798 https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655580255 A case in which the Court held that state-mandated segregation laws did not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. ]]> 2021-07-20 04:18:40 UTC https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655580255 jmendoza798 https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655586298 The Castañeda lawsuit against the Raymondville Independent
School District (RISD) in Texas is representative of an earlier generation’s crusade that
materialized into today’s language minority student rights. ]]> 2021-07-20 04:25:05 UTC https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655586298 jmendoza798 https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655592894 The use of the child’s home language to support learning came under political siege. The proposition prohibited the use of home language instruction in teaching emergent bilinguals.]]> 2021-07-20 04:32:24 UTC https://padlet.com/jmendoza798/awksitp35mh7s31e/wish/1655592894