Language is defined as: the body of words and the systems for their use in communicating that are common to the people of the same community or nation, the same geographical area, or the same cultural tradition.

As mentioned in the lecture, language serves four major purposes:

•           Used to designate, label, define, and limit

•           Used to evaluate 

•           Used to discuss things outside our immediate experience

•           Used to talk about language

The relationship between language the meaning can be challenging as the meaning of words change over time, language is both denotative and connotative and language varies within cultural groups.

The class completed the “Dialect Quiz” to see where you live geographically based on the words on language you selected. Some of the words were recognizable, while other words, we had never heard of before.

It is important to understand the difference between Denotative and Connotative meanings.

Denotative = the direct, explicit meaning people have agreed to give to a word; the dictionary definition of a word.

Connotative = the significant feelings or evaluations associated with the primary definition of the word.

We also discussed how language and meaning varies within subgroups and cultures.

Idioms are a phrase or expression that is a figurative or sometimes literal meaning. For example: “kick the bucket”

It is also important to understand how to increase message clarity. This can be achieved by:

•           Specificity

•           Concreteness

•           Precision in Language

•           Dating information

Cultural Differences – There are 3 dimensions for understanding cultural differences in verbal communication:

•           Individualism versus collectivism

•           Cultures may be masculine or feminine

•           Cultures view power distances differently

Speaking Appropriately: Remember to choose language and symbols that are adapted to the needs, interest, knowledge, and attitudes of listeners.

Always remember to be aware of the following to help you speak appropriately in any situation:

•           Formality of language

•           Jargon and slang – special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group that are difficult for others to understand

•           Profanity and vulgar expressions

•           Sensitivity

o          Generic language

o          Nonparallel language

•           Cause and effects of insensitive language