image resolution - the detail an image holds

Megabyte - a unit of information equal to 220 bytes or, loosely, one million bytes.

Megapixel - a unit of graphic resolution equivalent to one million or (strictly) 1,048,576 (220) pixels.

Gigabyte - a unit of information equal to one billion (109) or, strictly, 230 bytes.

Jpeg - A format for compressing image files

Raw - image file contains minimally processed data from the image sensor of either a digital camera, or motion picture film scanner, or other image scanner.

Tiff -  a computer file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers

Png - a file format for image compression that, in time, is expected to replace the Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) that is widely used on today's Internet.

white balance - the process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your photo. 

Histogram - it shows the amount of tones of particular brightness found in your photograph ranging from black (0% brightness) to white (100% brightness).

Aperture - the unit of measurement that defines the size of the opening in the lens that can be adjusted to control the amount of light reaching the film or digital sensor. 

shutter speed - the time for which a shutter is open at a given setting.

depth of field - the distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that give an image judged to be in focus in a camera.

aperture priority - an exposure system used in some automatic cameras in which the aperture is selected by the user and the appropriate shutter speed is controlled automatically.

shutter priority - a system used in some automatic cameras in which the shutter speed is selected by the user and the appropriate aperture is then set by the camera.

Bitmap -  type of memory organization or image file format used to store digital images.

Exposure - the amount of light per unit area (the image plane illuminance times the exposure time) reaching a photographic film or electronic image sensor, as determined by shutter speed, lens aperture and scene luminance.

Watermarking -  kind of marker covertly embedded in a noise-tolerant signal such as an audio, video or image data. typically used to identify ownership of the copyright of such signal.

optical zoom -  It allows you to zoom in (or out) on the subject in the LCD or viewfinder. 

digital zoom - a function of a digital camera used to make the image seem more close-up. 

Bracketing -the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings.

light meter - a device used to measure the amount of light.

image stabilization - a family of techniques that reduce blurring associated with the motion of a camera or other imaging device during exposure.

Noise -  random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise.

lag time - the delay between triggering the shutter and when the photograph is actually recorded.

hot shoe - a metal bracket on top of your camera with electrical contacts where an external device (such as a speedlight) can be connected.

Fisheye - ultra wide-angle lens that produces strong visual distortion intended to create a wide panoramic or hemispherical image.

Macro - photographing objects that are very close to the lens, the film or the sensor. 

Telephoto - a specific type of a long-focus lens in which the physical length of the lens is shorter than the focal length.

wide angle - refers to a lens whose focal length is substantially smaller than the focal length of a normal lens for a given film plane.

DSLR - a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor, as opposed to photographic film.

dynamic range -  a measure of the range of light intensities from the shadows to the highlights.

exposure compensation - used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker