ANS Divisions by Cassandra Gonzalez https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp made with science en-us 2021-09-21 02:49:01 UTC 2021-09-26 23:09:52 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f383.png also called adrenergic cassandragonzalez3 https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1755915380 Fight, Flight, and Fright !!]]> 2021-09-21 02:51:28 UTC https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1755915380 also called cholinergic cassandragonzalez3 https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1755916107 Rest and Digest !]]> 2021-09-21 02:51:52 UTC https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1755916107 Neurotransmitters for SNS cassandragonzalez3 https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1761030980 acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.]]> 2021-09-22 19:37:13 UTC https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1761030980 Neurotransmitters for PNS cassandragonzalez3 https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1761031704 acetylcholine]]> 2021-09-22 19:37:39 UTC https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1761031704 Where are NT released? cassandragonzalez3 https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1761741763 acetylcholine is released at the preganglionic synapse of the preganglionic neuron

norepinephrine is released at the postganglionic synapse of the postganglionic neuron

source: https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/16-4-the-peripheral-nervous-system/]]> 2021-09-23 02:47:00 UTC https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1761741763 Where are NT released? cassandragonzalez3 https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1761768933 acetylcholine is released at both preganglionic and postganglionic nerve endings]]> 2021-09-23 02:59:32 UTC https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1761768933 When NTs are stimulated... cassandragonzalez3 https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1761821663 - the adrenal medulla releases epinephrine
- vasoconstriction occurs in the arteries, except the coronary and skeletal muscle arteries, in which they dilate
- in the heart, heart rate, AV conduction, and contractility increases 
- bronchodilation occurs in the lower respiratory passages
- pupils dilate, also known as mydriasis
- the intestinal tract experience decreased motility and secretions
-endocrine and exocrine pancreas decreases in enzyme and insulin secretion
- urinary bladder relaxes while the urinary sphincter contracts
- the postganglionic neurotransmitter releases norepinephrine

source:
https://www.physio-pedia.com/Sympathetic_Nervous_System]]> 2021-09-23 03:24:15 UTC https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1761821663 When NTs are stimulated... cassandragonzalez3 https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1761822064 - decreased heart rate, conduction, and contractility
- miosis in the eye (constriction)
-salivation from salivary glands
- intestinal tract has increased GI motility and secretions, hence increased digestion
- bronchoconstriction in the lungs
- the urinary bladder contracts and the sphincter relaxes, hence increased urination and defecation
- as for arteries, most aren't supplied by parasympathetic nerves]]> 2021-09-23 03:24:26 UTC https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1761822064 Drug classifications: cassandragonzalez3 https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1761823023 There are 5 drug classifications:
Alpha 1- Adrenergic Agonists
the alpha 1 receptors are stimulated; the smooth muscles contract, blood vessels constrict, blood pressure increases, and vasoconstriction of the nasal passage.
examples: ephedrine and phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)
~~~~~
Adrenergic Agonists
stimulates all alpha and beta receptors; a bronchodilator, cardiac stimulant, and vasopressor constricting which increases blood pressure.
example: epinephrine (Adrenalin®)
~~~~~
Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blocking
binds and blocks alpha 1 receptors; it relaxes the smooth muscle, dilates blood vessels, which decreases blood pressure, and ureter smooth muscle relaxes to increase urine flow.
examples: prazosin (Minipress®), terzosin (Hytrin®), and doxazosin (Cardura®)
~~~~~
Beta Adrenergic Agonists
have subdivisions: Beta 1 and Beta 2

Beta 1-
In Low doses, it stimulates d-1 receptors in kidney to cause vasodilation so renal blood flow increases.
In Moderate doses, beta 1 receptors are stimulated, which increase force of contraction and cardiac output in heart.
In High doses, alpha 1 receptors stimulated, cause vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure.
example: dobutamine

Beta 2-
beta 2 receptors are stimulated; relaxed smooth muscles of lungs, causing bronchodilation, and of uterus.
examples: albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®), terbutaline (Brethine®), formoterol (Foradil®), and salmeterol (Serevent®)
~~~~~
Beta Adrenergic Blocking
have subdivisions: Selective and Non-selective

Selective-
blocks beta 1 receptor; decrease: force of contraction, heart rate, conduction and cardiac output.
examples: atenolol (Tenormin®) and metoprolol (Lopressor®)

Non-selective-
blocks beta 1 AND beta 2 receptors; same actions but can cause bronchoconstriction. 
examples: nadolol (Corgard®), propanolol (Inderal®), and timolol (Blocadren®)

sources:
Unit 2 ANS ppt part 1
]]> 2021-09-23 03:24:53 UTC https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1761823023 Drug classifications: cassandragonzalez3 https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1761823300 Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist
stimulates/binds to muscarinic receptors to mimic ACH.
examples: acetylcholine-for pupil constriction
 pilocarpine (Pilocar®)- pupil constricts, decrease fluid in the eye, and decrease intraocular pressure
 bethanechol (Urecholine®)- stimulate muscarinic receptor of bladder and GI tract preventing constipation + urinary retention and in elderly.
~~~~~
Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agonists
inhibits acetylcholinesterase (destroys ACH in synapse), increasing ACH.
example: neostigmine (Prostigmin®)
~~~~~
Anticholinergics
bings to a cholinergic receptor to act as blocking drug, competitive antagonism.
examples: atropine and dicyclomine (Bentyl®)

sources:
Unit 2 ANS ppt part 2]]> 2021-09-23 03:25:01 UTC https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1761823300 Receptors for PNS cassandragonzalez3 https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1769287776 - muscarinic: on cardiac, smooth muscle and glands
- nicotinic 1 (Nn): at ganglia of parasympathetic nerves + sympathetic nerves
- nicotinic 2 (Nm): somatic, nut at neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle]]> 2021-09-26 22:02:55 UTC https://padlet.com/cassandragonzalez3/atz94jpa8ewnvmbp/wish/1769287776