GLYCOLYSIS by https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz REFERENCES FOR WRITTEN STEPS IS FROM THOUGHTCO.COM LINK: https://www.thoughtco.com/steps-of-glycolysis-373394 en-us 2021-09-29 14:09:35 UTC 2021-10-06 16:59:04 UTC hello@padlet.com GLUCOSE Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778199686 2021-09-29 14:12:26 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778199686 HEXOKINASE Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778213265 2021-09-29 14:15:53 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778213265 ATP IS USED AND BECOMES ADP Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778218293 2021-09-29 14:17:13 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778218293 GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778224018 2021-09-29 14:18:42 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778224018 phosphoglucomutase Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778232898 2021-09-29 14:21:00 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778232898 FRUCTOSE-6-PHOSPHATE Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778243895 2021-09-29 14:23:52 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778243895 ATP IS USED AND BECOMES ADP Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778246462 2021-09-29 14:24:34 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778246462 phosphofructokinase Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778251417 2021-09-29 14:25:47 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778251417 fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778265134 2021-09-29 14:29:26 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778265134 aldolase Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778270236 2021-09-29 14:30:46 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778270236 dihydroxyacetone phosphate Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778281671 2021-09-29 14:33:48 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778281671 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778285564 2021-09-29 14:34:48 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778285564 triose-phosphate isomerase Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778298733 2021-09-29 14:38:20 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778298733 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778313833 2021-09-29 14:42:15 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778313833 NAD TO NADH Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778322074 2021-09-29 14:44:19 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778322074 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778339502 2021-09-29 14:48:55 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778339502 phosphoglycerokinase Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778346400 2021-09-29 14:50:44 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778346400 ATP IS USED AND BECOMES ADP Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778349939 2021-09-29 14:51:41 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778349939 3-phosphoglycerate Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778357941 2021-09-29 14:53:49 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778357941 phosphoglyceromutase Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778362309 2021-09-29 14:54:56 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778362309 2-phosphoglycerate Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778370140 2021-09-29 14:56:58 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778370140 enolase Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778378298 2021-09-29 14:59:14 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778378298 phosphoenol pyruvate Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778383230 2021-09-29 15:00:36 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778383230 pyruvate kinase Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778389033 2021-09-29 15:02:10 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778389033 ATP IS USED AND BECOMES ADP Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778390989 2021-09-29 15:02:42 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778390989 pyruvate Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778397302 2021-09-29 15:04:22 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778397302 STEP 1 : Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778430176 The enzyme hexokinase phosphorylates or adds a phosphate group to glucose in a cell's cytoplasm. In the process, a phosphate group from ATP is transferred to glucose producing glucose 6-phosphate or G6P. One molecule of ATP is consumed during this phase.]]> 2021-09-29 15:12:58 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778430176 STEP 2: Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778437658
The enzyme phosphoglucomutase isomerizes G6P into its isomer fructose 6-phosphate or F6P. Isomers have the same molecular formula as each other but different atomic arrangements.


]]> 2021-09-29 15:14:54 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778437658 STEP 3: Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778445692 The kinase phosphofructokinase uses another ATP molecule to transfer a phosphate group to F6P in order to form fructose 1,6-bisphosphate or FBP. Two ATP molecules have been used so far.]]> 2021-09-29 15:17:08 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778445692 STEP 4: Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778449848
The enzyme aldolase splits fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into a ketone and an aldehyde molecule. These sugars, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP), are isomers of each other.


]]> 2021-09-29 15:18:13 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778449848 STEP 5: Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778455009
The enzyme triose-phosphate isomerase rapidly converts DHAP into GAP (these isomers can inter-convert). GAP is the substrate needed for the next step of glycolysis.


]]> 2021-09-29 15:19:31 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778455009 STEP 6: Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778459310
The enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) serves two functions in this reaction. First, it dehydrogenates GAP by transferring one of its hydrogen (H⁺) molecules to the oxidizing agent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) to form NADH + H⁺.

Next, GAPDH adds a phosphate from the cytosol to the oxidized GAP to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG). Both molecules of GAP produced in the previous step undergo this process of dehydrogenation and phosphorylation.
]]> 2021-09-29 15:20:37 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778459310 STEP 7: Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778464104
The enzyme phosphoglycerokinase transfers a phosphate from BPG to a molecule of ADP to form ATP. This happens to each molecule of BPG. This reaction yields two 3-phosphoglycerate (3 PGA) molecules and two ATP molecules.]]> 2021-09-29 15:21:53 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778464104 STEP 8: Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778467149
The enzyme phosphoglyceromutase relocates the P of the two 3 PGA molecules from the third to the second carbon to form two 2-phosphoglycerate (2 PGA) molecules.


]]> 2021-09-29 15:22:43 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778467149 STEP 9: Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778470743 The enzyme enolase removes a molecule of water from 2-phosphoglycerate to form phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). This happens for each molecule of 2 PGA from Step 8.]]> 2021-09-29 15:23:41 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778470743 STEP 10: Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778475507
The enzyme pyruvate kinase transfers a P from PEP to ADP to form pyruvate and ATP. This happens for each molecule of PEP. This reaction yields two molecules of pyruvate and two ATP molecules.

]]> 2021-09-29 15:24:59 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778475507 REFERENCES FOR WRITTEN STEPS IS FROM THOUGHTCO.COM LINK: https://www.thoughtco.com/steps-of-glycolysis-373394 Asmaaahmed44 https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778500436 2021-09-29 15:32:00 UTC https://padlet.com/Asmaaahmed44/atvtnh22d4slhxgz/wish/1778500436