https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr Notes en-us 2018-03-19 12:06:20 UTC 2025-04-24 12:58:31 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/File.png ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243430154 The Origins of Language

-Based on Charles Darwin, early humans had already developed musical ability prior to language and were using it "to charm each other"

-Tamil is the oldest language.

How do we consider its a language?
-It must have certain structure.
-Certain rules must have to understand the structure.


]]> 2018-03-19 12:14:05 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243430154 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243433801 "Language is the institutions whereby humans communicate and interact with each other by means of habitually-used-oral-auditory arbitrary symbols."]]> 2018-03-19 12:21:46 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243433801 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243437463 2018-03-19 12:28:18 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243437463 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243437817 The "Bow-Wow" Theory
-Words that sound similar to the noises. Or, in other words; onomatopeia.

The "Pooh-Pooh" Theory
-Speech developed from the instinctive sounds people make in emotional circumstances. Somehow, when we speak, we actually exhale and not inhale.]]> 2018-03-19 12:28:56 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243437817 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243446617 Nicknamed "yo-he-ho".
-The sounds of a person involved in physical effort could be the source language.
-It places the development of human language in a social context.]]> 2018-03-19 12:43:53 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243446617 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243447584 1) Teeth and Lips
2) Mouth and Tongue
3)Larynx (voice box) and Pharynx (vocal folds)]]> 2018-03-19 12:45:48 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243447584 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243448828 It is also believed that human hands involved in the development of language.
-Manual gestures may have been a precursor of language.]]> 2018-03-19 12:48:06 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243448828 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243451636 The Innateness Hypotheses
- Something in human genetics, possibly a crucial mutation or two, as the source.]]> 2018-03-19 12:53:03 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243451636 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243455616 Animals and Human Language

-Animals can communicate

Communicative and informative signals.

-Communicative signals are behavior used to intentionally to provide information.
For an example, a signage. 

Informative signals are behaviour used to unintentionally to provide information. 
For an example, a picture of yawning baby, unintentionally you will yawn.

]]> 2018-03-19 12:59:50 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243455616 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243460882 1) Displacement
2) Arbitrariness
3) Productivity
4) Cultural Transmission
5) Duality
6) Reflexivity]]> 2018-03-19 13:07:54 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243460882 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243463015 Allows language to be used to think and talk about language itself.
-Humans are able to reflect to the question being asked.]]> 2018-03-19 13:11:00 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243463015 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243463797 Allows users to talk about things and events not present
(past,present and future)

]]> 2018-03-19 13:12:08 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243463797 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243465732 Can use different symbols that conveys the same meaning.
-You don't have to use symbols to reach its linguistic form.
-For an example, when you see the image below, the word "table" or "meja" depending on your dominate language, it conveys the same meaning but with the same symbol.

]]> 2018-03-19 13:14:34 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243465732 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243468616 Allows user to create new words or expressions.
-From one word, it can form many new words.
For an example, pan + cake = pancake]]> 2018-03-19 13:18:28 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243468616 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243469999 By one word itself, when combining with other alphabet, it will create new meaning.]]> 2018-03-19 13:20:26 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243469999 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243470578 Process when one language is passed from one generation to another.]]> 2018-03-19 13:21:18 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/243470578 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248065904 The Sound of Language

Voice (Z) (V)
-Sounds produced when the vocal folds are drawn together.
The air pushes the vocal cord repeatedly until it creates vibration.

Voiceless (S) (F)
-Sounds produced when the vocal folds are spread apart. he air from the lungs passes between them unimpeded.


]]> 2018-04-03 11:39:35 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248065904 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248067578 *Articulate - How the sound is expressed.]]> 2018-04-03 11:46:04 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248067578 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248068270 Bilabials (TWO LIPS)
-The sound is produced by partially stopping the air coming
[p] in Pat (voiceless)   [b] in Bat (voice) 
[m] in Mat (voice)        [w] in Walk (voice)

Labiodental (tongue teeth with lower lip)
-fat, safe

Dentals (tongue tip behind upper teeth)
-thin, bath

Alveolars
-Tongue tip to alveolar ridge (lelangit belakang gigi depan)
-Top, sit, tin

Palatals
-Tongue and palate (lelangit)
-Ship, Chip

Velars
-Back of tongue and velum
-Cat, back

Glottals
-Space between vocal folds
-Hat, who]]> 2018-04-03 11:49:00 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248068270 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248070341 Stops (Plosive)
-Produced by some form of 'stopping' of the air stream and letting it go abruptly
- [p], [b], [t], [d]
[b] - voice abradial stops
[d] - voice alveolar stops

Fricatives
-Involves almost blocking the air stream and having the air push through the very narrow opening
[f] - voiceless fricatives
[ʃ] - voiceless fricatives
[th] - voiced fricatives
[z] - voiced fricatives

Affricatives
-Involve a brief opening of airflow

Nasal
-When the velum is lowered and the air stream is allowed to flow out through the nose.

Liquids
-Letting the air flow around the sides of the tongue as the tip of the tongue makes contact with alveolar ridge.

Glides
-Produced with tongue in motion //gliding


]]> 2018-04-03 11:57:08 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248070341 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248073608 -Produced with a relatively free flow of air
-They're typically voiced.

Dipthongs
-Sounds that consist of combination of two vowel sounds.

Subtle Variation
-Vowel sounds vary between one variety of English to another.
-Vowel sounds are often a key element in what we recognize.]]> 2018-04-03 12:09:46 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248073608 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248074426 The Sound Patterns of Language

Phonology vs Phonetics


]]> 2018-04-03 12:12:28 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248074426 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248078031 Phoneme
-Consonant + vowel 
- Consonant [t], [k], [f], [b] + vowel [a]
-By just changing the consonant, the meaning of the word changes (far - car)
-Meaning distinguishable sounds in language.]]> 2018-04-03 12:24:06 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248078031 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248078827 Phonemic /Broad transcription
- uses //

Phonetic / Narrow transcription
-uses [ ]]]> 2018-04-03 12:26:24 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248078827 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248079125 Phone
-Phonetic units & appear in square brackets
- Variation of sound of consonant

Allophone
-A subtle sound differences that does not affect the meaning
- [t] [d] [ð] [θ]

Minimal Pairs
-When two words are identical in form
-Only one consonant changes and the meaning also changes.
- Pat - Cat

Minimal Sets
-When it is always in the same position but different phoneme
-Fig , big, dig, 

Phonotactics
-When the words are unlikely to exist, but because of its patterns, it is permited.
- For an example, "he is a kif"

]]> 2018-04-03 12:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248079125 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248081195 Syllables
-Must contain a vowel/vowel-like sound

Onset - The part of the syllable before a vowel
-Me

Rhyme - The part of the syllable containing the vowel + any following consonants
-Ran 

Nucleus - The vowel in syllable
-Not

Coda - The part of a syllable after the vowel
-Not


]]> 2018-04-03 12:33:09 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248081195 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248082940 *Open syllable
When the syllables have no coda
- No, me, to

*Closed syllable
When the syllables have coda
-Cup, hat]]> 2018-04-03 12:37:52 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248082940 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248083545 Consonant cluster
- Consist more than one consonant
-Stop (CCVC)
-Post (CVCC)]]> 2018-04-03 12:39:39 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248083545 ainnajiha13 https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248083685 Assimilation
-When a sound segment is copied 
- What's up > Waddup

Elision
- Careful pronunciation of a word in isolation
- Interest, Prisoner, Restaurant]]> 2018-04-03 12:40:03 UTC https://padlet.com/ainnajiha13/atnrncyax8xr/wish/248083685