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      <title>Conflict transformation: Mediation between Russia and Ukraine by Zofia Garstka</title>
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      <description>Discussion Questions</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2022-06-24 13:28:40 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2025-11-06 10:44:57 UTC</lastBuildDate>
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         <title>Which state/actor do you think is best suited to act as a mediator for the Russian-Ukrainian war? </title>
         <author>mmonterocabrera8</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241002438</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-07-11 12:33:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241002438</guid>
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         <title>How can the use of social media support mediation processes? Or is it a disruptive tool?</title>
         <author>gabischlag1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241003255</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-07-11 12:34:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241003255</guid>
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         <title>In the case of Russia&#39;s war: Do you see a way for a non-state actor to act as a mediator?</title>
         <author>hendrikqc</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241003908</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-07-11 12:36:21 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241004003</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>How do you measure mediation effectiveness?</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-07-11 12:36:31 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241004003</guid>
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         <title>How would you evaluate the role representative&#39;s of Luhansk&#39;s/Donetzk&#39;s people&#39;s republics in a potential mediation process since they dropped out during Minsk II and are in general a very specific kind of conflict party?</title>
         <author>rosnermerker</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241004063</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-07-11 12:36:41 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241004307</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>How do you deal with potential spoilers (e.g. conflict parties that profitted from the conflict) in mediation processes?</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-07-11 12:37:11 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241004842</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>How would you deal with the pro-Russian separatist groups in East Ukraine when it comes to mediation efforts? </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-07-11 12:37:41 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241004842</guid>
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         <title>Some scholars have recently argued that liberal ideas and norms are shaping mediation processes and outcomes. Do you agree? And if so, what does it imply?</title>
         <author>gabischlag1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241004853</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/spsr.12425</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/spsr.12425" />
         <pubDate>2022-07-11 12:37:44 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>War Costs</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241005170</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Pascal mentioned that if war costs are getting higher (ramping up casualties, economic strife), then it becomes easier to mediate a conflict because the war parties are burning out. Wouldn't it, in some circumstances, be the opposite? A party may get more desperate to achieve their war goals and exert more effort. Like in the sunk cost fallacy, when one invested too much effort, time, resources to attain an end, they tend to more willfully follow through with that endeavor as a result. How can one mediate with that detail in play?</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-07-11 12:38:28 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Do you think there is an actual interest by the EU / US e.g to really end the war?</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241008550</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-07-11 12:45:25 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241008602</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>How do you ensure that not only the conflict parties wants but also civilians/societal needs/wants are considered in an agreement?<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-07-11 12:45:34 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241008744</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>You said that power goes beyond resources such as religion or ethnic groups. Can you elaborate on that please? </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-07-11 12:45:51 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241008744</guid>
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         <title>You tapped the question of sanctions. Do you feel that sanction help to increase the willingness of the conflict actors to use mediation?</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241010904</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-07-11 12:49:25 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241010967</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>How do you assess the effect of language in respect of third party mediation, especially since the language used between the conflicting parties would then also change to, supposedly, English?</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-07-11 12:49:30 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241010967</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>How do you mediate a Conflict, if you cannot trust one of the Conflict-Parties to follow international Treaties, as it has violated them before?</title>
         <author>niklasglaessgen</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241016704</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-07-11 12:59:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241016704</guid>
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         <title>As you mentioned that social media sometimes reflect reality so what is your opinion about the racist statement that Ukrainian refugees are white and have light hair and eyes, so there’s no reason to be frightened of them compared to Syrian, Afghani, and Iraqi refugees – those uncontrolled, uncivilized people </title>
         <author>nohamahmoudmahmoudtolbashohdastudentiunipdit1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241017959</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-07-11 13:01:21 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241017959</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Security gaurantees </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241020764</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>What do you think about a mediation with connected security gaurantees? Is this in any way a possiblity especially in regard of the  Budapest Memorandum and a party that is an nuclear power?</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-07-11 13:06:22 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241020764</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>How is it possible to build enough trust to allow a mediation process to be started? Especially when there is a war.</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/zosiagarstka/ar9e9xhibxrplzu8/wish/2241024781</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-07-11 13:13:02 UTC</pubDate>
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