Discussion, week 2 by Jennifer Preece https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03 History of social studies education in the US, as well as history of the Japanese student experience in California prior to World War II. en-us 2022-11-03 17:46:36 UTC 2022-11-03 18:49:39 UTC hello@padlet.com 1916- Social Studies first “official definition” issued as "The social studies are understood to be those whose subject matter relate to the organization and development of human society, and to man as a member of social groups" (Saxe, 2004). jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368909850 2022-11-03 17:51:46 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368909850 1899- A history-centered program introduced by the Committee of Seven, calling for formal studies in ancient, medieval, modern and American histories as gateways toward effective citizenship (Saxe, 2004). jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368915523 2022-11-03 17:54:46 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368915523 1935- Almost all high school history courses are dominated by textbooks reflecting the intentions of the Committee of Seven (Saxe, 2004). jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368920074 2022-11-03 17:57:40 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368920074 1905- Push for the need of "Americanization" on children. Historian John Bach McMaster declares that in the “process of Americanizing the foreigner [and all other children] we must fill their minds with the facts of American history which they may not understand, but which they must take as so much medicine” (Saxe, 2004). jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368922828 2022-11-03 17:59:18 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368922828 1907- Jane Addams, an immigrant reform worker, takes a softer, progressive stance on educating children, insisting “the usual effort to found a new patriotism upon American history is often an absurd undertaking” (Saxe, 2004). jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368928068 2022-11-03 18:02:25 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368928068 1990s- The standards movement takes hold and shifts how social studies curriculum is taught in school districts. "The ideal of standards-based curricula required core content that spelled out what should be taught and learned—what every child should know and be able to do. This turn of public policy was better suited for content- centered programs with specific and detailed standards" (Saxe, 2004). jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368930450 2022-11-03 18:04:04 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368930450 1983- A Nation at Risk is published by members of the National Commission on Excellence in Education, which specifically called for “improved teaching and learning” in history, geography and economics. Curricula in the eclectic nature of social studies are judged as ineffective. (Saxe, 2004). jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368938831 2022-11-03 18:09:54 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368938831 1989- Education summit at Charlottesville, where President George H. W. Bush and the Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton led the fight to establish what would later become “Goals 2000: Educate America Act” of 1994. This ambitious legislation included the hopeful assertion that “All children will leave grades 4, 8, and 12 having demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter including English, mathematics, science, foreign language, civics and government, economics, arts, history, and geography” (Saxe, 2004). jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368946878 2022-11-03 18:15:29 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368946878 1913-1916- National Education Association’s Committee on the Social Studies: With U.S. government backing, social studies is introduced to American schools (Saxe, 2004). jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368951753 2022-11-03 18:19:06 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368951753 1921- National Council for the Social Studies founded by Harold and Earl Rugg, Edgar Dawson (Saxe, 2004). jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368952617 2022-11-03 18:19:37 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368952617 1922-1930's- Two states lead the way: New Jersey (1917) by recommending a course of study and Pennsylvania (1921) by instituting a state level office in social studies. Indicating the acceptance of social studies in state policy, state agencies and local school districts institute social studies programs as the official/authorized curriculum (Saxe, 2004). jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368953988 2022-11-03 18:20:33 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368953988 1926-1932- Social studies is legitimized by the American Historical Society, which accepts it as a school subject; AHA co-sponsors the Commission on Social Studies, which advances social studies as the main curricular vehicle for citizenship education (Saxe, 2004). jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368954827 2022-11-03 18:21:10 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368954827 1749- Social Studies education gains visible support. Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson endorse the study of history, geography, and government, believing that education should be more secular and practical, as a means to a more enlightened citizenry (Cogan, 1976). jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368963146 2022-11-03 18:27:14 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368963146 1850's- Horace Mann, the "Father of American Public Education," championed free, universal public education as the means for socializing the waves of immigrants coming to America, He saw history, civics, and geography as important tools (Cogan, 1976). jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368966064 2022-11-03 18:29:15 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368966064 2001- NCLB- The No Child Left Behind Act, which passed Congress with overwhelming bipartisan support in 2001 and was signed into law by President George W. Bush on Jan. 8, 2002. jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368977920 2022-11-03 18:36:51 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368977920 1972- Title IX of the education amendments of 1972 is enacted into law. Title IX prohibits federally funded educational institutions from discriminating against students or employees based on sex. jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368981017 2022-11-03 18:39:06 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368981017 1954- Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. The Supreme Court unanimously agrees that segregated schools are “inherently unequal” and must be abolished. jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368981199 2022-11-03 18:39:14 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368981199 1921- In August 1921, the California legislature amended the School Law of California so that "The governing body of a school district shall have power to exclude children of filthy or vicious habits, or children suffering from contagious or infectious diseases, and also to establish separate schools for Indian children and for children of Chinese, Japanese or Mongolian parentage. When such schools are established, Indian children or children of Chinese, Japanese or Mongolian parentage must not be admitted into any other school." jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368986778 2022-11-03 18:43:09 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368986778 1921- Florin East School became the "Oriental School." Asian children in Florin attended separate schools until 1939, when the local Japanese American Citizens League persuaded the school board to terminate its segregationist policy. jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368989885 http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/5views/5views4h16.htm]]> 2022-11-03 18:45:23 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368989885 1908-1942- Segregated schools in Walnut Grove continued until 1942, when all Japanese Americans in California were interned, leaving Filipino and Chinese students in the "Oriental School." Financial considerations were apparently the deciding factor in desegregating the schools in 1943. jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368992453 http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/5views/5views4h16.htm ]]> 2022-11-03 18:47:14 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368992453 1909- In Isleton, a decision was made to segregate Asian children after the Christmas holiday. All Asian names disappeared from rosters of the previously integrated classrooms in January 1910, and segregated class lists appeared. jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368994455 http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/5views/5views4h16.htm ]]> 2022-11-03 18:48:42 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368994455 1947- The California legislature repealed the amendment that provided for separate schools for Chinese, Indians, and Japanese. After the World War II internment, a Japanese family challenged the constitutionality of California's separate school provision. The Los Angeles County Superior Court concurred that segregation on the basis of race or ancestry violated the Fourteenth Amendment. jenniferpreece1 https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368995607 http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/5views/5views4h16.htm ]]> 2022-11-03 18:49:39 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferpreece1/ar0m030zjsiili03/wish/2368995607