- 74 thousand individuals living with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011.
- 2570 new HIV cases reported in 2014.
- Estimated 21% of individuals living with HIV are unaware of their status.

In Ontario
- 27,420 individuals are living with HIV/AIDS as of 2009
- 843 new cases in 2012

In Ottawa
- 3155 individuals are living with HIV as of 2010
- Estimation of 160 new cases diagnosed in 2010
- Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU and individuals from HIV-endemic countries. 

Communities that are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDs in Canada;
- Men who have sex w/ other men
- People who use drugs
- Members of the African/ Caribbean/ Black communities
- Members of Aboriginal communities (First Nations, Inuit, Metis, & other Indigenous communities of North America).

Four principles of HIV transmission: 

Exposure to HIV is not an automatic transmission.
Five fluids that contains a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus.
1. Breast milk 
2. Vaginal fluids
3. Semen
4. Blood
5. Anal fluids

High Risk of HIV Transmission
- Condom less, vaginal or anal sex
- HIV transmission among people who use drugs
- Mother-to-child transmission of HIV

Low  Risk of HIV Transmission
- Oral sex without barrier
- Vaginal or anal sex with condom

Theoretical Risk of HIV Transmission - Potential with no confirmed reports of infection: 

- Performing oral sex with a barrier
- Receiving oral sex with no barrier
- Fingering
- Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment
- Fighting

No Risk of HIV transmission:
- Hugging
- Kissing
- Touching
- Talking
- Urine / Feces

Testing: Standard vs. Rapid, Nominal vs. Anonymous
- Approx. 25-30% of individuals living with HIV in north America are unaware of their status.
- 3 weeks window period

In Ontario:

Estimated about 27,420 ppl living with HIV/AIDS as of 2009
843 new cases in 2012

In Ottawa
3155 ppl living with HIV as of 2010
Approx 160 new ppl diagnosed in 2010
Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU and ppl from HIV-endemic countries.

Communities Disproportionately Affected by HIV in Canada
Men who have sex with men
People who use drugs
Members of the African/Caribbean/Black communities
Members of Aboriginal Communities

Social Determinants of Health
The kinds of social supports you have available to you, services that are available, do you have access to healthcare, child care, public transit.
These determine the outcomes of your life and well-being.

Four Principals of HIV Transmission
1) Source: There needs to be a source of infection
2) Numbers: There needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present
3) Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present (semen, blood, vaginal fluid, breast milk, rectal fluid)
4) Contact: There needs to be contact between bodily fluids and the HIV negative party's mucus membrane or blood stream
Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission

Vertical Transmission
When HIV passes to a fetus or baby from and HIV+ mother
Studies show if no treatment taken during pregnancy, between 20-30% chance of HIV transmission to child
Today, with proper care, the risk of a baby becoming infected is less than 1%
HIV can be spread in the womb, amniotic fluid, placenta

What are the chances? Managing Risk
Risk is a natural and universal part of all our lives, and managing risks is just as natural
People are coping with this fact the best they know how- individuals do what they do because at some level it "works" for them
Change is a process or journey marked by numerous stages, and people change at their own pace
All people are entitled to accurate and practical info and support

What Will Affect the Likelihood of Transmission?
Some factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission.
Other physical factors can affect chances of transmission, like presence of other STIs and certain health conditions

High Risk of HIV Transmission
Condomless vaginal / anal sex
Sharing injection drug equipment
Sharing unprotected penetrative toys

Low Risk of Transmission
Oral sex without a barrier
Vaginal or anal sex with a condom
Injecting with clean needles

Theoretical Risk of HIV Transmission - Potential with no confirmed reports of infection
Performing oral sex with a barrier
Recieving oral sex with no barrier
Fingering
Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment
Fighting

No Risk
Hugging
Kissing
Touching
Talking
Urine / Feces

Testing:
Symptoms of HIV Seroconversion (like having a bad cold/flu)
Window period (from time of exposure, to when seroconversion occurs, 3 weeks)
Different types of tests; Standard (regular blood test) vs. Rapid (small pin prick, like blood sugar test), Nominal, Anonymous
Reportable Illness (the WHO needs to know who is living with HIV, in order to better mitigate the epidemic/spread of HIV. Need countries to report who is living with it, where in the country etc.)
Barriers to getting tested: Not knowing where to get tested, Stigma, Language

Treatment
There is no cure for HIV

History - 1985
Very little known about HIV/AIDS and transmission, and how it spread
ignorance led to widespread and intense stigma
By end of 1985 about 20k cases reported to WHO

1995
Relationship between HIV and AIDS discovered
Life-saving improvements to treatments
AIDS diagnoses began to fall, but still leading cause of death in 19-24yr olds in USA

2005
Shift in public / political focus to Africa / developing world
Expanding awareness of HIV impact on communities beyond just the gay community
Impacts of improved treatment on prevention efforts

HIV Now
HIV and Aging
Treatment as Prevention - once diagnosed, immediatly put on treatment to keep immune system healthy, to live healthily longer
Criminalization of HIV non-disclosure: According to the law in Canada, a person with HIV has to disclose to their sexual partner.

Stigma
Intersecting Stigmas --> Compounded or Layered Stigma --> Institutional or Structural Stigma --> Enacted Stigma --> Perceived Stigma --> Internalized Stigma

Combating Stigma
ACO's Sex Positivity Statement

Harm Reduction
ACO is a partner with the needle exchange program and the safer inhalation program (crack pipe distribution)

Criminalization is BAD for public health because:
Discourages testing
Not everyone can achieve a low viral load
Not everyone can negotiate condom use
Discourages everyone from taking responsibility for their own sexual health

These determine the outcomes of your life and well-being\

Four Principles of HIV Transmission 

EXPOSURE TO HIV IS NOT AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION!

Five fluids that contain a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus:

Theoretical Risk of HIV transmission
Potential with no confirmed reports of infection 

 Key terms:  

Mucous membranes

CD4/ t- Cells 

CD4 Count – amount of cells in the blood 

Viral Load – amount of virus in the blood. 

In Canada, at the end of 2014:
75, 500 people are living with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011. 
2, 570 new HIV cases were reported in 2014
It is estimated that 21% of people of living with HIV are unaware of their status. 

In Ottawa:
there are 3, 155 people living with HIV as of 2010.
Approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010.
Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU and people from HIV-endemic countries.

We can only get the numbers from people who tell health care proffessionals and other that they have it.

Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/ Aids in Canada: 

Men who have sex with men
People who use drugs
Members of the African/ Caribbean/ black communities
Members of aboriginal communities
(Metis and other indigenous communities of north America Inuit and first nations)

Four principles of HIV Transmission:

1) Source: There needs to be a source of the infection a human.

2) Numbers: there needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV Virus present. 

3) Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present.

4) Contact: there needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and HIV-negative party’s mucus membrane or blood stream. 

-Risk is a natural and universal part of all our lives, and managing risks is just as natural.

-People are coping with the fact the best they know how- individuals do what they do because at some level it “works” for them.

-Change is a “Process” or journey marked by numerous stages and people change at their own pace. 

-All people are entitled to accurate and practical information and support.  

-Some factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission 

-Other physical factors can affect chances of transmission, like presence of other STI’s and certain health conditions. 

- Gillian McDonald 

·         A source of infection needs to be present

·         Numbers, needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus

·         Transportation: at least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV and must be present

·         Contact: There needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV negative party’s mucous membrane or blood stream

·         Exposure is not automatic!

 

Five bodily fluids that contain sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus

·         anal

·         Breast milk

·         Semen/cum (pre cum)

·         Blood

 

Vertical transmission

·         When HIV passes to the fetus or baby from HIV+ mother

·         Studies show that if no treatment is taken during the pregnancy, there is between 20-30% chances of living

 

What are the chances

·         Risk is natural and universal part of the lives, and managing risks is just a natural

·         People are coping the best to their abilities, that works for them

·         Change is a process or journey marked by numerous stages, and people change at their own pace

·         All people are entitled to accurate and practical information and support

 

What will affect the likelihood of transmission

·         Some factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission

·         Other physical factors can affect chances of transmission like presence of other STI and certain health conditions

 

High Risk of HIV transmission

·         Condomless sex

·         Sharing injection drug equipment

·         Sharing sex toys

 

Low risk of HIV transmission

·         Oral sex without a barrier

·         Vaginal or anal sex with a condom

·         Injection with clean needles

 

Theoretical risk of HIV

Potential with no confirmed reports

·         Performing oral sex with a barrier

·         Receiving oral sex with no barrier

·         Fingering

·         Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment

·         Fighting

 

No risk

·         Hugging 

·         Kissing

·         Touching

·         Sneezing

 

Testing

·         Approximately 25-30% of people living with HIV in North American are unaware that they are HIV positive

·         Symptoms of HIV seroconversion

·         “window period”- the time of exposure to when your body produces antibodies

·         Different kind of tests- standard versus rapid, normal vs anonymous

·         HIV reportable illness- (WHO- World Health Organization)

·         Some barriers to getting tested- where to go…. fear, ignorance, language

 

Treatment

·         There is no cure

·         History of HIV:  1985: very little known

·         1995- relationship between HIV and Aids was discovered

·         Life saving improvements

·         Diagnosis begin to fall

·         By 2005- shift in public ad political focus to Africa and other parts of developing worlds

·         Expanding awareness of HIV impact on communities beyond just the gay community

·         HIV now- HIV and aging, treatment as prevention, criminalization of HIV non disclosure

 

Stigma

·         Internalized 

·         Perceived stigma

·         Enacted stigma

·         Institutional or structural stigma- refers people as “those people”

·         Compounded or layered stigma- women in the sex trade……

·         Intersecting stigma

 

HIV in the news

·         October 12, 2012: The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that HIV positive person was not required to disclose their status to a sexual partner only if two following conditions were met 1) a condom was used 2) person has a low undetectable viral load.

Criminalization is BAD for the public health because:

·         Discourages testing

·         Not everyone can achieve a low viral

·         Not everyone can negotiate condom use

Discourages everyone from taking responsibility for their sexual health

HIV: Human Immuno- Deficiency Virus 

AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 

AIDS happens when HIV is left untreated in the body. 

In Canada, at the end of 2014

1.    75,500 people are living with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011. 

2.    2,570 new HIV cases were reported in 2014 

3.    It is estimated that 21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status. 

 In Ontario:

1.    Estimated that 27,420 people living with HIV in 2009 

 In Ottawa 

1.    3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010

2.    approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010 

3.    Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU and people from HIV- endemic countries. 

 

Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/ AIDS in Canada: 

1.    Men who have sex with men 

2.    People who use drugs

3.    Members of the black communities  

4.    Members of aboriginal communities 

 

Social determinants of health 

1.    Physical environments (housing community) 

2.    Social environments 

3.    Economic environment (income, wealth employment)

4.    Lifestyle and behaviours 

 

Four principles of HIV transmission 

1) Source: there needs to be a source of infection 

2) Numbers: there needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present 

3) Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present 

4) Contact: there needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party’s mucus membrane or blood stream. 

 

Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission! 

 

 Five fluids that contain a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus

1.    Blood 

2.    Semen

3.    Vaginal fluid

4.    Breastmilk 

5.    Anal fluids

 

Testing: 

Approximately 25-30% of people living with HIV in north America are unware that they are HIV positive.

Different types of tests: Standard vs. Rapid, normal vs. anonymous 

HIV is a reportable illness 

Cayla Pester 

 

Difference between HIV & Aids- 
HIV Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus 
Aids-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

 Key Terms- 
-Mucous Membranes 
-CD4/T Cells 
-CD4 Count- White Blood cell count
-Viral Load- Amount of Virus in the Blood

 WHO IS AFFECTED BY HIV?
End of 2014 
75,550 9.7% increase since the end of 2011
2,570 new cases of HIV case were reported in 2014 
It is estimated that 21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status.

 In Ontario 27,420 people are living with HIV in 2009 
843 new cases in 2011 
In Ottawa 3,155 people living with HIV as 2010 
Approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010 
Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories.  IDU and people from HIV endemic. Countries 

 
Groups ( Pontential higher risk.)

-          Men who have sex with men 

-          People who use drugs

-          Members of the African/ Caribbean/ Black Communities 

-          Members of Aboriginal communities ( First Nations, Inuit, Metis, and other Indigenous communities of North America 

From the class. Aging population (Elderly) and People born with HIV.

Social Determinants of Health- the Kinds of things you need to survive. Determines outcomes of her life. 

-Physical

- Social 

1)      Source: There needs to be a source of Infection

2)      Numbers: There needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present.

3)      Transportation: At least one of the of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present

4)      Contact: There needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party’s mucus membrane or blood stream.

Five Fluids 

·         Blood 

·         Vaginal Fluids 

·         Semen 

·         Breast Milk 

·         Anal Fluids 

 
When HIV passes to fetus or baby from an HIV+ mother.
Studies show that if no treatment is taken during pregnancy. There is between 20-30% chances 

 When you meet with a person you have no idea what they are dealing with. We are all coping with our lives. Change is a process. We don’t know. They come the best way they know how. Everyone is entitled to information. Other physical factors can affect the likelihood of transmission.   

 High Risks of HIV Transmission
Condomless sex
Sharing injection drug equipment 
Sharing sex toys. 

 Low risk- 
Performing oral sex without a barrier.

 No risk
Kissing 
Hugging
Feces, urine
Touching 
Ejaculation on unbroken skin. 

 Symptoms of HIV seroconversion- Time of exposure to when the antibodies starts working- for testing now is 3 weeks. Rapid test is very helpful. 

Barriers- Stigma, Finding places to get tested.  

 Someone who is aware of their HIV has to disclose to their sexual partner in Canada.

Stigma affects. 

-Janelle Perras

HIV – human immune deficiency Virus

AIDS - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV Positive if left untreated for a long time) 

Mucous Membranes > high in T-Cells (CD4), CD4 cells = good cells, count = # of cells in blood

Viral load = Amount of virus in blood. High virus = low CD4. Antiretroviral: medication  

Fluids: Blood, semen, breast milk, vaginal fluids, anal fluids

Statistics  

Canada - 75, 500 people living with HIV, 21% of people live with HIV and don’t know 

Ontario – 27,420 cases   Ottawa 3, 155: Highest rate of exposure categories: IDU and people from HIV endemic countries

2005 – Impacts improved treatment on prevention efforts

2017 – HIV and Aging, treatment as Prevention (virus mutates thus forcing person to changes medication (16 kinds), Criminalization of HIV non – disclosure

Communities: men that have sex with men, drug users, members of ACB comms, Aboriginal communities, children born with it, elderly (in nursing/residential), 

Info

Social justice aspect, reducing stigma. Review as fear. 

4 Principles: 

 | 1. Source – of Infection    | 2. Numbers – Sufficient quantity of HIV Virus   
 | 3. Transportation – At least 5 bodily fluids that HIV must be present   | 4. Contact -  between bodily fluid and HIV negative party’s mucus membrane or blood stream

Vertical Transmission: 20-30% chance of passing it on from mother to child (not if on medications) 

Managing risks: People are coping with this fact the best they know how, change is a process, all people are entitled to accurate information and support. 

Likelihood of transmission: Presence of other STI’s and certain health conditions, how often and how long you do something. High Risk: no condoms, sharing needles, sharing unprotected sex toys. Low Risk: Oral sex with barrier, vaginal or anal sex with condom, sterilized needles. 

Myths: Performing oral sex with or without barrier, fingering, tattooing, piercing, fighting

Symptoms of seroconversion: Like a cold or flu (actually HIV symptoms)

Window period: time of exposure to when seroconversion occurs (3 weeks)

Tests: Standard – Blood draw (3 weeks), Rapid – Pin Prick (1.5 hours, with 30 min counseling session)

Stigma: Historical, education, fear, back round knowledge and teachings

Being Sex Positive: Reduces phobias, increases awareness, reduces harm

Harm reduction: aco-cso.ca                      - The Tool Shed (Harm Reduction)

- Drug checking kit – tells your what type of drug it is. 

- SPOT – Safer party for every teen 

The first person to report is the person who is not accused of anything

HIV=Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus
AIDS=Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AIDS occurs when HIV is left untreated in the body.

Men who have sex with men, individuals who use drugs, members of Black Caribbean, Aftican communities, Aboriginal communities

SOURCE: needs to be a source of infection
NUMBERS: must be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus must be present
TRANSPORTATION: 1 of 5 bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present
CONTACT: must be contact between bodily fluid and HIV-party mucus membrane or blood stream
*Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission*

Blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk & anal fluids.

It is estimated that 21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status. 

 

HIV: Human Immuno- Deficiency Virus 

AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 

AIDS happens when HIV is left untreated in the body. 

 In Canada, at the end of 2014

75,500 people are living with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011. 

2,570 new HIV cases were reported in 2014 

It is estimated that 21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status. 

 

In Ontario:

Estimated that 27,420 people living with HIV in 2009 

 

In Ottawa 

3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010

approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010 

Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU and people from HIV- endemic countries. 

 

Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/ AIDS in Canada: 

Men who have sex with men 

People who use drugs

Members of the black communities  

Members of aboriginal communities 

 

Social determinants of health 

Physical environments (housing community) 

Social environments 

Economic environment (income, wealth employment)

Lifestyle and behaviours 

 

Four principles of HIV

Source: there needs to be a source of infection

Numbers: there need to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present 

Transportation: at least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present 

Contact: there needs to be contact between that bodily that fluid and the HIV negative party’s mucus membrane or blood stream 

Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission!

 

Five bodily fluids that contain a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus:

Blood 

Breast milk

Vaginal fluids

Semen 

Anal fluids 

 

Vertical transmission:

When hiv passes to a fetus or baby from an hic mother

Studies show that if not treatment is taken during pregnancy, there is between 20-30 per cent chance of hiv transmission

Today with proper care, the risk of a baby becoming infected is less than 1%

Hiv can be spread in the womb, amniotic fluid, placenta, during birth, breast feeding 

 

Managing risk: 

Risk is natural and universal part of all our lives and managing risks I just as natural

People are coping with this fact the best they how; individuals do what they do because at some level it works for them

Change is a process or journey marked by numerous stages, and people change at their own pace

All people are entitles to accurate and practical information and support. 

 

What will affect the likelihood of transmission?

Some factors like how often you do something for how long will affect chances of transmission

Other physical factors can affect chances of transmission like presence of other STI’s and certain health conditions 

High risk of HIV transmission:

Condomless vaginal or anal sex

Sharing injection drug equipment

Sharing unprotected penetrative toys 

 

Low risk of HIV transmission:

Oral sex without a barrier

Vaginal or anal sex with a condom (only due to misuse/breakage of condom)

Injecting with clean needles 

 

Potential with no confirm reports of infection:

Performing oral sex with a barrier

Receiving oral sec with no barrier 

Fingering 

Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment

Fighting 

 

Why does this category exist?

Stigma 

 

No risk of HIV transmission 

Sneezing 

Hugging 

Kissing

Touching

Talking 

Ejaculation on broken skin

Urine, feces 

 

Testing 

Approx. 25-30 of people living with hiv in north America are unaware that they are hiv positive 

Symptoms of hiv are seroconversion

What’s a window period and why is it important?

Different types of tests: standard vs. rapid, nominal vs. anonymous

Hiv is a reportable illness – what’s that?

What are some barriers to getting tested? – Not knowing where to get tested, stigma, fear, no cure

 

History

1985
 Very little known about HIV
 Stigma arouse 
 
 1995
 Relations with HIV and AIDS discovered 
 Life saving improvements to treatment
 
 2005
 Shift to developing parts of the world 
 HIV is beyond the gay community 
 Impacts of improved treatment and prevention efforts 
 
 HIV and Now
 HIV and aging 
 Treatment as Prevention 
 Criminalization of HIV non-disclosure

 

In October 2012, the supreme court of Canada ruled that an HIV positive person was not require to disclose their status to a sexual partner only if the following two conditions were met: a condom was used and the person had a low or undetectable viral load. Canada has become a “leader” in hiv criminalization around the world, having now a prosecuted and charged over 140 people.

 

Criminalization is BAD for the public health because:

Discourages testing

Not everyone can achieve a low viral load

Not everyone can negotiate condom use

Discourages everyone from taking responsibility for their sexual health 

-          3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010

-          Approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010

-          Ottawa has the heights prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU and people from HIV-endemic countries.

-          Men who have sex with men

-          People who use drugs

-          Members of the African/Caribbean/black communities

-          Members of Aboriginal communities ( Frist nations, Inuit, Metis, and other indigenous communities in North America)

E.g. air and water quality, having a community design transportation networks noise

E.g. education, family structures, discrimination, heaths services, crime, and violence

1)      Source: there needs to be a source of infection

2)      Numbers: there needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present.

3)      Transportation: at least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present 

4)      Contact: there needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and HIV- negative party’s mucous membrane or blood stream?

Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission

-          Blood

-          Semen/cum (and pre-cum)

-          Vaginal fluids

-          Anal fluids 

When HIV passes to fetus or baby from an HIV+ mother

Studies show that if no treatment is taken during pregnancy, there is between 20-30% chances of HIV transmission from the mother to the child

-          Risk is a natural and universal part of all our lives, and managing risks is just as natural

-          People are coping with this fact the best they know how- individuals do what they do because at some level it “works” for them

-          Change is a “process” or a journey marked by numerous stages, and people change at their own pace.

-          All people are entitled to accurate and practical information and support.

-          Some factors like how you often dos something or for how long will affect chances of transmission

-          Other physical factors can affect chances of transmission, like presence of other STIs and certain health conditions

-          Condomless vaginal or anal sex

-          Sharing injection drug equipment

-          Sharing unprotected penetrative sex toys

-          Oral sex without barrier

-          Vaginal or anal sex with condom (only due to condom failure or impaired use

-          Injecting personal 

Potential with no confirmed reports of infection

-          Performing oral sex with a barrier

-          Receive oral sex with no barrier

-          Fingering

-          Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment 

-          Fighting 

-          Approx. 25-30% of people living with HIV in North America are unaware they are HIV positive

-          Symptoms of HIV seroconversion

-          What’s a “window period” and why is it important 

-          Different types of tests: standard vs rapid, nominal vs. Anonymous

-          HIV’s a reportable illness that's that?

-          What are some barriers to getting tested? 

ü  Not knowing where to get tested

ü  Stigma 

ü  Not wanting to accept it can be true ( ignorance)

ü  Language

History of HIV and AIDS

1985

-          Very little known about AIDS, including how it was transmitted

1995

-          Relationship between HIV and AIDS discovered

-          Life-saving improvements to treatment 

-          AIDs diagnosis beginning to fall by still leading cause of death 19-24 years old in the USA

2005

-          Shift in public and political focuses to Africa and other parts of the developing word

-          Expanding awareness HIV impact on communities beyond just gay community

-          the impact of impaired treatments on prevention efforts

2017

-          HIV and aging

-          Treatment as prevention

-          Criminalization of HIV non-disclosure

v  Internalized stigma

v  Perceived stigma

v  Enacted stigma

v  Institutional or structural stigma

v  Compounded or layered stigma

v  Intersecting Stigmas

 

Criminalization in BAD for the public health because:

-          Discouraging testing

-          Not everyone can achieve a low viral load

-          Not everyone can negotiate condom use

-          Discourage everyone from taking responsibility for their sexual health

-          In October 2012 the supreme court of Canada ruled that HIV-positive person was not required to disclose their status to a sexual partner only if the following two conditions were met: a condom was used and the person had low or undecidable viral load. Canada has become ‘leader’ in HIV criminalization around the world, having now prosecuted and changed over 140 people.

 

 

 

 

 

            Lydia Aliouat