2. Where to find us!

3. Show it off! (Traditional Costume)

4. More in-depth look!

5. References

2. Where to find us!

3. Show it off! (Traditional Costume)

   
   

4. References

2. Where to find us!

3. Show it off! (Traditional Costume)

4. More in-depth look!

5. References

2. Where to find us!

3. Show it off! (Traditional Costume)

   
   

4. References

2. Where to find us!

3. Show it off! (Traditional Costume)

4. More in-depth look!

5. References

According to Moorthy (2021), the Chitty are the result of Hindu traders marrying the local Malays, Chinese, Javanese, and Bataks who were situated in Melaka. He also mentions that one of the community’s distinctive characteristics is how they have blended with the native Malay’s culture in terms of the clothes they wear, how they speak and their cuisine. Despite all this, the Chitty have firmly maintained their Hindu identity through using their Hindu names and following religious customs. (Moorthy, 2021)

Men

-          checkered sarong

-          tunic

-          talapa (knotted batik cloth headgear)

-          leather slippers

-          pinding (waistbelt)

Women

-          sarong kebaya

-          baju kurung

-          gold brooches with diamonds

-          addiggai (a gold choker)

-          thali (a wedding pendant)

-          silambu (anklets)

The women also wore their hair in tight buns called sanggul nyonya, which are secured with three hair pins. They wore beaded slippers called kasut manek-manek, which were frequently meticulously crafted over several weeks. (National Heritage Board, 2020).

14:39 – The host explains the traditional costume of Chitty women and explains the usage of a handkerchief placed on either side of the shoulders to be used for wiping saliva off the lips from chewing betel leaves.

15:30 - The host explains the traditional costume of Chitty men

5. Ns Star Media. (2022, June 13). Etnik Kita episod 1 chetti. YouTube. https://youtu.be/CktDrMecs4w

6. Dhoraisingam, S. S. (2006). Peranakan Indians of Singapore and Melaka: Indian babas and Nonyas—Chitty Melaka. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

According to Musa (2024), there are different types of Ngepan Indu. She mentions that these variations are based on the area the Iban people are located. Listed are the different variations of the costume (Vanuaranu, 2021).

• Ngepan Saribas

• Ngepan Skrang

• Ngepan Batang Ai

• Ngepan Ensuga

• Ngepan Batang Rajang

The general way to identify the Ngepan Indu is when there is Sugu Tinggi, which is a headdress, and Marek Empang or Tangu which is a piece worn on their shoulders (Musa, 2024).

According to "Pakaian Tradisional Iban" (2014), the male Iban traditional costume would be the Baju Burung. They continue with saying that the men who wears the costume would be called 'Keling' which means a brave and handsome man.

Listed are the pieces that make up the Baju Burung ("Pakaian Tradisional Iban", 2014).

• Lanjang / Ketapu (headpiece)

• Sirat

• Marik (necklace)

• Terabai

• Senyata (weapon)

2. Flickr. (2008). Night at a longhouse - Iban women in traditional costume. https://www.flickr.com/photos/pondspider/3693254185

3. Hays, J. (2015). Iban. Facts and Details. https://factsanddetails.com/indonesia/minorities_and_regions/sub6_3f/entry-4019.html

4. Journey Malaysia. (2021, August 29). http://www.journeymalaysia.com/MCUL_iban.htm.

5. Kiyai, G., & Anak Tugang, N. (2021). The study of material culture of the Iban community in Sarawak: Ngepan. International Journal of Applied and Creative Arts, 4(1), 80-97. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijaca.4204.2021

6. Musa. (2024, February 8). Kenali Asal Usul Ngepan Indu, Pakaian Tradisional Wanita Iban. I Love Borneo. https://www.iloveborneo.my/kenali-asal-usul-ngepan-indu-pakaian-tradisional-iban/

7. Vanuaranu. (2021). 5 styles of Ngepan Indu, the traditional costume for Iban women. https://explore.airasia.com/assets/blt9a6cec56613497c0/5-styles-of-ngepan-indu-the-traditional-costume-for-iban-women

8. Pakaian Tradisional Iban. (2014). Portal Buku Teks - Pengujian Keaslian Akses. https://bukuteks.dbp.gov.my/media/media/cyZiUUe6tJ.pdf

• Short-sleeved blouse (worn by young women)

• Quarter-sleeved blouse (worn by middle-aged women)

• Special blouse only worn during ceremonies

Listed down below is the more detailed explanation of the traditional costume and accessories worn by the women (Kadazan Dusun Association Sabah, 2024).

1) Sinuangga'

Short-sleeved blouse with a U-neck worn by younger women.

• Has embroidery along the head and arms opening and along the seams.

• Uses red, yellow and cream cotton yarn.

• Uses betawi buttons (gold-plated sliver buttons used to symbolise wealth)

2) Sinompukung

Blouse with quarter-sleeves with no embroidery usually worn over the sinuangga' as a jacket back in the day. Modern day usage of the sinompukung is usually worn by older women as a blouse and is embroidered.

3) Kihongon

Long-sleeved blouse usually worn by elderly women and female priestesses during ceremonies. Has similar embroidery found on the sinuangga'.

Accessories

1) Himpogot

Silver "dollar" belt. Used to show personal wealth depending on the number of belts used. The maximum number of belts that can be worn at a time is three.

2) Tiningkokos (brass or silver spiral bracelet)

3) Simbong (Earrings)

4) Siga do Bobohizan

Ornate headdress made from the feathers of peacocks or turkeys. Usually worn by the Bobohizan during rituals or ceremonies.

Next would the explanation for the traditional costume worn by the men.

1) Gaung

Long-sleeved shirt that has no embroidery traditionally. In modern times, it is decorated with gold trimming and gold buttons.

2) Souva

Black trousers with a wide indigo-blue waistband with gold trimming on the seams.

3) Siga

Handwoven kain dastar made into a headcover by folding in a number of distinctive ways.

4) Tupi' sinikat

Circular hat made out of sturdy string worn to support the siga.

2. Kadazan Dusun Association Sabah. (2024). KDCA Sabah. KDCA Sabah. https://kdca.org.my/about/hongkodkoisaan/costume

3. OLUMES. (2021, March 30). Facts about the unique kadazan-dusun people of Borneo. https://olumes.com/facts-about-the-unique-kadazan-dusun-people-of-borneo/?srsltid=AfmBOorINKscPoUr3rDD24drzgmljxxH2-hBh5dxlYLcr60lGCVRpS2-

4. Sabah Government Official Website. (2024). Rakyat & Sejarah. https://sabah.gov.my/ms/content/rakyat-sejarah

5. Yeong. (2017, July 18). Dusun women’s traditional costumes: Then and now. In Search of Sabah. https://insearchofsabah.wordpress.com/2017/06/30/dusun-womens-traditional-costumes-then-and-now/

6. Masirin, & Saliang. (2018, December). Sustaining Ethnic Identity Through Fashion. Welcome to UiTM Institutional Repository - UiTM Institutional Repository. https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/53361/1/53361.pdf

    

    

Timestamp:

6:33 - The first traditional costume is called busana ibu soko which is comprised of songket bunga penuh, a sash, kain samping, and baju kurung minang.

8:45 - Second traditional costume is the baju kebaya setengah tiang.

10:48 - Third traditional costume is pakaian busana dato ompek which includes samping ikatan janda berhias.

11:47 - Fourth traditional costume is pakaian rasmi istana which includes the desta solok timba headpiece and ikatan samping pahlawan. This costume is usually worn by men of status.

12:35 - Last traditional costume would be the wedding attire called pakaian pengantin asli Negeri Sembilan. This men's costume consists of baju cekak musang butang lima, desta solok timba headpiece and samping ikatan orang kaya. The women's costume would be the baju kurung potong kembang payung.

2. Joshua Project. (2024). Minangkabau, orang Negeri in Malaysia. People Groups of the World | Joshua Project. https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/14208/MY

3. Kingsckt. (2021, January 13). Jangan Berani Nak Mengaku Kau Anak Nogori, Kalau Sejarah Nismilan pun Kau Tak Tahu. Jom Baca Keunikan Sejarah Pembentukan Negeri Sembilan. Kings Char Kuey Teow. https://kingsckt.com/keunikan-sejarah-pembentukan-negeri-sembilan-yang-ramai-tak-tahu/#google_vignette

    

4. Berita RTM. (2023, May 5). 6 Mei 2023 – SPM@NEGERI SEMBILAN - Pakaian TRADISIONAL Negeri Sembilan. YouTube. https://youtu.be/IE7ut5D2w6Q

5. GettyImages. (1999). https://www.gettyimages.com/search/2/image?page=3&phrase=malaysia+ladies+culture+costume

• Malung (skirt)

• Mandapun (neckwear)

• Sambitan (worn at the waist)

• Saripang (headdress)

• Kiniku (worn on the fingers)

Next would be the attire worn by the men of the Iranun people (Budaya Iranun, 2009).

• Tubau/Tanjak (headdress)

• Kain mogah

2. MOHAMMAD SHAM MOHAMMAD, & MOSLI TARSAT. (2022). Sejarah asal usul iranun Dan balangingi Di tungku, 1840-1879. Jurnal Borneo Arkhailogia (Heritage, Archaeology and History), 7(1), 178-188. https://doi.org/10.51200/jba.v7i1.4215

3. Webonary. (2018). Iranun of Sabah dictionary » map. Webonary – Dictionaries and Grammars of the World. https://www.webonary.org/iranun-sabah/language/map/

4. Iranun: Budaya iranun. (2009). MAPAIT TANTU.....!. https://mapaittantu.blogspot.com/2009/09/iranun-budaya-iranun.html

    

My name is Halimatus Sa'diyah Binti Khairul Hezry and I am from Petaling Jaya, Selangor. Currently, I am a student of LG243. I enjoy writing short stories in my spare time and playing volleyball!

Back to the task at hand, i enjoyed the process of researching the different traditional costumes of the cultures that i chose to talk about. I have been exposed to many different types of cultures and the clothing that they wear and it has shown me how important traditional costumes are in representing a community.

I hope you get to learn a lot as how i did when making this padlet.

Happy reading!