Introit, Easter Mass   (see score)

Josquin Absalon, fili mi; motet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rm_ER8ICDDo   

 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaeOWdXM4Pg  Cordier: Tout par compas (From a compass I am composed)  ONE THOUGHT THIS WAS MACHAUT MY END IS MY BEGINNING

Ockeghem Missa prolationum, Kyrie

https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=missa+prolationum+kyrie+ockeghem   

Kyrie, Hildegard von Bingen

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=98S9spYHtJc


Casulana Mid-Century Madrigal Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2lrraO2YVs  Morir non puo il mio cuore 

Machaut, Messe de Nostre Dame, Agnus Dei https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKpexxzR4Ak   SOME PEOPLE THOUGHT THIS WAS QUAM (DUNSTABLE)

A Paris/On Parole/Frese Nouvele motet, not sacred (though most have at least a chant tenor at this stage)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GWyXXnWPAT4

Perotin: Sederunt Principes organum quad, rhythmic modes evident

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prima Prattica vs Seconda Prattica

 

https://www.vpr.org/post/timeline-015-claudio-monteverdi-prima-prattica-and-seconda-prattica#stream/0      3+ minutes

 

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1TzqgzDktg*******
Monteverdi Cruel Amarilli, 5th book of madrigals

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sG0Hqi8BQYM*******  G. Caccini Amarilli, mia bella  “The New Music”  how is this “expressed” by the singer?

 

Amaryllis, my lovely one, 

do you not believe, o my heart's sweet desire, 

That you are my love? 

Believe it thus:  and if fear assails you, 

Doubt not its truth. 

Open my breast and see written on my heart: 

Amaryllis, Amaryllis, Amaryllis, 

Is my beloved. 

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjpFi9bn1do *******

Orfeo opening; note the space

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GrnwzEhi_E  Orfeo, we will listen to the opening, then “Music” introducing the story. Note the ritornello 

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FVK_N3xX04  Marian Vespers, 1610 what do you notice?

 

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_kVeA1YGVY&feature=related 

ritornello/nymphs Orfeo   all is well (so far)

 

Tu se morte  from Orfeo (English subtitles) note the staging/setting

 

 

Possente spirit   with score;  ornamentation controlled

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFe-xH7bblQ 

Possente spirit Orfeo;  note vocal ornamentation and staging

 

 -----------------------

 

 

 “Cruda Amarilli”; Monteverdi (claimed to start the Seconda Prattica); wrote eight books of madrigals; contrast with ”Zefiro torna” concertato madrigal (1630); basso continuo, word painting everywhere (west wind, soft accents, swift-footed, murmuring, flowers dance, low and deep, reecho the music, dissonance on “piango” (weep), etc.)

 

“Lasciatemi qui solo” (1618) Francesca Caccini; strophic monody with variations; variations reflect psychological transformation of the narrator as she reaches death…”Already I feel faint…” 

 

 

Barbara Strozzi and the “Academy”; cantatas 

 

 

      “recitative”; recite—the importance of words 

 

Monteverdi’s Coronation of Poppea is an opera at the end of his operatic career (contrast with Orfeo); court versus public opera 

a.       Human characters versus mythology 

                                                              i.Characters have flaws! 

                                                            ii.Serious and funny (versus all serious) and the styles slip fluidly from one to the other 

 

To do: Keep working on reading and papers!   

 

Amarilli?????  Brandon

From Brenna’s post:

The Seconda Practica or New Practice is defined by the following characteristics: the emergence of basso continuo, coexistence of old and new styles, a shift from modal to tonal writing, a change from intervallic harmony to chordal harmony, a greater rhythmic freedom, a greater allowance for virtuosity, a growing differentiation between vocal and instrumental styles, growing importance of instruments and instrumental music, the cultivation of contrasting timbres, emergence of national styles, and the emergence of program music.
-Program music:
instrumental music that is connected with a story or idea in some way.

 

Monterverdi does much of this. 
Vespers, 1610:  

variety of styles, from solo and duets with “modern” setting to chant 

seven solo singers, chorus divisi up to ten! 

dedicated it to Pope Paul V; later, won the post of maestro di cappella at St. Mark’s in Venice

church appointments still a big thing (including Bach, and later Leopold Mozart, if you recall)

******Two Seraphim; duet with ornamentation    5:00-7:00

With score:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkpVNkQa5tQ     4:48

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5Nj1NQLBr8  without score

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tEvfIMXPjVg  Dixit Dominus portion, chorus, cantors, orchestra

 

Meanwhile, madrigals continue, but note the change in style:

 

******Zefiro torna , 1630  Chaconne, duet  score 161     https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85tCzdRt6UE

 

1630s: plague; A. Grandi died, Venice hard hit, and the Hapsburgs invaded

First public opera house opened in 1637

P 184, scores:  Coronation of Poppea

 

St. Mark’s Cathedral in Venice:  the “Venetian School” polychoral, impacted by secular developments  1550-1610

 

G. Gabrieli

Sacrae Symphoniae Nos. 9, 13 & 16 (1595)

 

 

Emulated by others:

***** “Saul, was verfolgst du much?” Score page 198  

“Concerted” motet (Concertato), Luthern/German adaptation of Venetian style

 

 

We will discuss Strozzi, F. Caccini, and “Poppea”

 

Continuation of the “modern” aria; rise of instrumental genres

First known “opera” by a woman

hundreds of chamber music works; only a small fraction of her written compositions survive today,

associated with Christine de Lorraine, woman’s court, but also the Cardinal, thus published

was at one time the court’s highest paid musician

*****https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFdrK8iJwqI  score, 167  Lasciatemi qui solo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WumIwtCOs28  The Liberation… (considered first opera by a woman, performed at the woman’s court

 

 

Barbara Strozzi and the Academy

Books of cantatas

Links to publication

Giulio Strozzi had a strong musical influence on his adopted daughter, and purposefully built her career as a singer and composer.

Her compositions and performances were intended for an intimate male audience,

rare vocal talent

Women singers were considered of ornamental value in that era, and the beauty of their voices and bodies were viewed as one

she would probably remain unknown today if it were not for her publications.

*****https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HfueTehJNkc  Tradimento 

 

Sonata di camera; Sonata di Chiesa  (listening omitted from the book, not good)

Multiple movements, alternating fast and slow

 

*****https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mrg3uPORvV8   Sonata di Chiesa, Op 3 collection SFSF

listen for chains of suspensions

 

Solo concerto  vs. Concerto Grosso

p 259 scores, Corelli Concerto Grosso in F, Op. 6 NO. 2

Isabella Leonarda and the convent

First known sonatas composed by a woman

Of noble birth, connections to publication too

 

*****https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HcX-CEwn-k  Op. 16 Sonatas, here is Sonata Decima

Sonata 10 has two refrains, in the pattern ABCDEBDFBG.

 

Coming soon:  French court music, including keyboard and opera, Guerre, Couperin, Lully

Baroque

Week #14 April 20/22

Baroque

Week #15 April 27/29

Baroque

Week #16 May 4/6

 

Rise of instrument production; norther Italy and the violin factories

https://www.google.com/maps/place/26100+Cremona,+Province+of+Cremona,+Italy/@44.2435765,7.7736292,7z/data=!4m13!1m7!3m6!1s0x4780fe6d3c71fe83:0x307737e7e74bdaf5!2s26100+Cremona,+Province+of+Cremona,+Italy!3b1!8m2!3d45.133249!4d10.0226511!3m4!1s0x4780fe6d3c71fe83:0x307737e7e74bdaf5!8m2!3d45.133249!4d10.0226511  Cremona

Monti in Bologna

Petrucci had started it all in Venice

The idea of “copyright” begins!  Royals control the right to publish in some cases

 Isabella Leonarda and the convent

First known sonatas composed by a woman

Of noble birth, connections to publication too

 

*****https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HcX-CEwn-k  Op. 16 Sonatas, here is Sonata Decima

Sonata 10 has two refrains, in the pattern ABCDEBDFBG.

French court music, including keyboard and opera, 

 

Guerre, Couperin, Lully

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=194CDlsFpQA  tour of Versailles

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mvqSc43Agls  Guerre, Courante

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=syB9mxe8CHk  Couperin  double manual French harpsichord; 20-year “royal privilege” to publish

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPnNA8yTD8E  dramatization of Lully in the court

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-sE_YlHZAgA  French overture  (including this overture to Armide)

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWIaanFmhYY  a faster tempo

 

·        Slow, dotted rhythms, homophonic  (entrance of the King)

·        Fast, contrapuntal segment

·        Return to slow

·        Return to fast

Huge impact; think slow opening of Haydn symphony!

 

The Tragedie Lyrique  

Characteristics

 

 

 

 

 

Wrote chamber sonatas and church sonatas 

Known for “trio sonata”; 2 violins, a cello or viola da gamba, and harpsichord 

Also wrote concertos 

 

 

Leonarda 

First known publication of a string sonata by a woman 

 

Guerre and Couperin: Comparing Harpsichordists 

Both had royal privilege to publish 

Couperin wrote Pieces de clavecin, a treatise on harpsichord playing 

 

 

Bach 

Genre output can be categorized by his employment 

Weimar period; court organist and chamber musician to the Duke of Weimar; religious music, preludes and fugues 

Cothen period (1717-23); court job; suites, concertos, sonatas, concerto grosso; the Well-Tempered Clavier; works for instruction and court entertainment 

Leipzig years (1723-1750); one of the most important posts in Germany, the cantor of St. Thomas in Leipzig (of extreme importance to the Lutheran world); cantatas, church music, mature organ works, all in a city of 30,000 that was a center of printing and publishing; trained church musicians; was choirmaster, composer and organist there; Telemann was the first choice, but he turned them down); “Since the best man could not be obtained, lesser ones would have to be accepted”; at the position 27 years; very dramatic religious music; had to write over 50 cantatas/year; Passion for Good Friday; about 200 cantatas preserved 

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mc3bS2E7GME 

St. Matthew Passion  (choral genre) 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DqZE54i-muE 

Bach Cantata 140 Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme (Awake, the Voice is Calling Us) 

Lutheran hymn tradition, re-set by Bach (recall A Mighty Fortress) 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zS2biN257sQ 

Kyrie from B minor Mass 

perhaps written to “audition” for  "Court Composer" position of a Catholic ruler 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41blIyHQ0hs 

Magnificat 

 

Notice the role of the orchestra in Bach and Handel’s choral works 

 

Handel 

Sonatas, concerti, chamber music 

well known for his opera, oratorios especially  

Moves to London in 1712; previously  Germany and Italy 

The English did not like Italian opera, so he turned to English oratorio 

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dS65-ZvUSSM  Dixit Dominus 

“Sayeth the Lord”  Psalm 110 (set by many, many composers) 

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inQJEoqMnkk 

"Piangerò la sorte mia" (Giulio Cesare)  Cleopatra, sung by Natalie Dessay 

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fieBT98DCLc  Castrato role sung by a woman 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TXDCyb_3Qjs here, by a countertenor 

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JH3T6YwwU9s  Messiah  oratorio 

 

Listening to this opening; what do we call this?  Where did it come from? 

 

 

Vivaldi 

500 concertos; many for violin, but also for oboe, bassoon, etc.; many have been transcribed as well (e. g. trumpet) 

Crucial to the development of the concerto genre; huge impact on other composers 

Characterized by driving rhythm and strict adherence to form (remember ritornello form—see other sheet)

Unison bursts--fortspinnung segments; we really hear this carry over into the Classical

 

Telemann (dies in 1767) 

German, not from a musical family (a bit unusual at the time) 

Over 4000 works! 

Style galant at times; elegance, beauty, light 

Sold his work by subscription (both Bach and Handel subscribed); Telemann is far better known than Bach at the time

   6. Bach Jesu, der du meine Seele (Jesus, who hast wrested my soul) cantata for 14th Sunday after Trinity Sunday (which is after Pentecost) . Again, based on a hymn tune. Score p 244.  In German.  Where do you think he was working at the time?

 

 

Corelli 

Output limited to strings; wrote idiomatically for strings 

Known for the sonata; the earliest definition simply referred to “instrumental piece”; later a multi-movement work, often for a solo instrument sometimes with piano or orchestral accompaniment; in the Baroque sonata, virtuoso elements come into play 

Wrote chamber sonatas and church sonatas 

Known for “trio sonata”; 2 violins, a cello or viola da gamba, and harpsichord 

Also wrote concertos 

      7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-RQqdumu7SI  Score p 259

 | Corelli: Concerto in F Major Opus 6 No. 2; complete, Voices of Music 4K UHD, original instrumentsHey everyone~! Please consider a donation, http://www.voicesofmusic.org/donate.html and we will make more videos like this one :) We need your help! The Concerto in F Major Op. 6 No. 2 by Arcangelo Corelli, complete. Performed on original instruments by the early music ensemble Voices of Music. 4K UHD video from the Steffani Stabat Mater ...www.youtube.com

 

Vivaldi 

500 concertos; many for violin, but also for oboe, bassoon, etc.; many have been transcribed as well (e. g. trumpet) 

Crucial to the development of the concerto genre; huge impact on other composers 

Characterized by driving rhythm and strict adherence to form (remember ritornello form—see other sheet)

Unison bursts--fortspinnung segments; we really hear this carry over into the Classical

8.     score p 268  

Concerto in A minor, Op 3 No 8  (for two violins)

Notice ritornello form: unison burst "theme", fortspinnung (modulates, transitional), epilog (closure) 

 

        9. Telemann (dies in 1767) 

German, not from a musical family (a bit unusual at the time) 

Over 4000 works! 

Style galant at times; elegance, beauty, light 

Sold his work by subscription (both Bach and Handel subscribed); Telemann is far better known than Bach at the time

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufGl19HiAC0  Trumpet Concerto in D  (wind instrument development too)