Gates and security door left open and unmanned: Anyone could gain access to restricted areas and cause damage, so staff must always stay at their posts.

Lending Id badges to colleagues or friends: They could lose or misplace it or also lend it to another person, they could be using it to gain access to restricted areas to cause damage.

Fake passports and travel documents: They could be traveling illegally and you would have helped it by not checking their documents thoroughly.

Passengers attempting to get dangerous goods or weapons into the passenger cabin: If they managed to get a weapon or something dangerous into the cabin they could be attempting to harm someone so must check all bags correctly.

Carrying items through for an unknown person: Check all passengers are not carrying suspicious items, especially for anyone else as they could be attempting to cause hard to passengers, crew or the AC.

Leaving bags unattended: There could be items in their that could cause harm to others so must check all bags and not leave them unattended.

ground personnel: It is their responsibility to make sure nothing bad happens on the ground, to the AC or any controls that could cause harm to passengers when the AC is in operation.

IATA-International air transport association: the trade association for the world's airlines and promotes safe air transport while developing global standards.

EASA-European union aviation safety agency: responsible for ensuring the safety of civil aviation in Europe.

DFT-Department for transport: sets policies, regulations and ensures the safety and security of the air travel industry within the UK.

FAA-Federal aviation administration: US government agency responsible for regulating and overseeing all aspects of civil aviation in the US.

Passed in response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Gave the federal government responsibility for screening passengers and baggage.

-The Civil Aviation Act – United Kingdom (most recently consolidated in 2012):

Provides the legal framework for civil aviation in the UK, including safety and security regulation. Includes provisions for airport security, air navigation services, and regulatory enforcement.

Identity Verification: At airline check-in, staff verify ID against the flight booking.

Baggage Screening (Checked Bags): In most airports, checked luggage goes through a high-tech automated scanning system behind the scenes.

Boarding Pass Check: Security staff or machines verify the passenger’s boarding pass.

Passenger Screening: Walk-through Metal Detector: To detect metal objects.

Carry-On Screening: X-ray Scanning: Bags, coats, laptops, liquids, and other items go through a scanner.

Document Check: Passport, visa, and boarding pass are checked.

Final Boarding Pass & ID Check: Gate agents scan the boarding pass and may verify ID.

Preventing Terrorism and Criminal Activity Targeted Threats: Airports and airplanes have historically been targets for terrorism due to their symbolic and strategic value.

Maintaining Public Confidence in Air Travel

Avoiding Panic and Economic Loss: Security failures can damage the reputation of the aviation industry and lead to reduced travel and economic disruption.

Global Standards: Aviation security is regulated by international bodies like ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization), and countries must adhere to agreed protocols.

Authorization: Granting or denying access to specific resources or areas based on verified identity and roles. E.g Passenger Access: Only authorized passengers (e.g., ticket holders) can pass through certain checkpoints, such as security or the boarding gate.

Accounting (or Auditing): Tracking and logging the activities of users and systems for accountability, monitoring, and incident response. E.g Passenger Logs: Records of who boarded, flight history, and travel patterns (useful for investigations and analytics).

The Aviation and Maritime Security Act 1990

and

The Anti Terrorism, Crime and Security Act.