White blood cells or leukocytes are cells that are  involved in protecting the body against both infectious diseases, foreign invaders, pathogens,etc.

Normal values :

Low Value:
It's called  Leukopenia and indicates  infections/  diseases such as :

 
High Value:
It's called  Leukocytosis and indicates  infections/  diseases such as :

 

It determines the blood cholesterol levels in the blood. Cholesterol is a fatty substance created by the liver from the fatty foods in your diet.
Normal value:
  • Adult males:
     Above 40 mg/dL
• Adult females:
    Above 50 mg/dL
Low value:
Low blood levels are actually desirable. But if it's really it can have some health problem:
• Cancer
• Hemorrhagic stroke
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Preterm birth and low birth weight if your cholesterol is low while you're pregnant
High value:
• atherosclerosis
• high blood pressure
• less blood flow
• heart attack
• stroke
Citation:
http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Blood-tests/Pages/What-it-is-used-for.aspx

Low value: means anemia, indicates:

High value: indicates:

Insulin testing may be ordered with glucose and C-peptide tests. Insulin levels are also sometimes used in conjunction with the glucose tolerance test (GTT). In this situation, blood glucose and insulin levels are measured at
 pre-established time intervals to evaluate insulin resistance.
3) When is it ordered?
Insulin levels are most frequently ordered following a low glucose and/or when someone has acute or chronic symptoms of low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) caused by, for example, an insulinoma.
4) What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?
 Symptoms of hypoglycemia may include:
- Sweating
- Palpitations
- Hunger
- Confusion
- Blurred vision
- Dizziness
- Fainting
- In serious cases, seizures and loss of consciousness.
NOTE: These symptoms may indicate low blood glucose but may also be seen with other conditions.
5) What are the reasons of performing an  Insulin Test?
- An insulin test may also be done when an individual has or is suspected of having insulin resistance. This may include people with type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), prediabetes or heart disease, or metabolic syndrome.
- A health practitioner also may order insulin and C-peptide tests after an insulinoma has been successfully removed to verify the effectiveness of treatment and then order the tests periodically to monitor for recurrence.
- Periodic testing may also be used to monitor the success of an islet cell transplant by measuring the insulin-producing capacity of the transplant.
6)  Increased Insulin levels are indicated by:

7) Decreased Insulin levels are indicated by: 

8) Insulin Levels:
- Fasting: < 25 mIU/L
- 30 minutes after glucose administration:  30-230 mIU/L
- 1 hour after glucose administration: 18-276 mIU/L
- 2 hour after glucose administration: 16-166 mIU/L
9) Citations:

Low Value: indicates anemia mostly due to Iron Deficiency.

High Value indicates:

Citations:
http://www.medfriendly.com/mean-corpuscular-volume.html
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003648.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_corpuscular_volume#High

High values: high blood calcium levels may lead to Hypercalcemia.
High blood calcium indicates:

Abnormal electrolyte levels may be a sign of dehydration, kidney disease, liver disease, heart failure, high blood pressure, or other disorders.

Normal values:
Calcium: | 4.5-5.5 mEq/L
Chloride: | 97-107 mEq/L
Potassium: | 3.5-5.3 mEq/L
Magnesium: | 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Sodium: | 136-145 mEq/L

*Note: These ranges are generalizations and differ from lab to lab. Also, this is a shortened list. You can find a longer one through a link in the citations. (The medscape.com link)

Low Values:
Most likely indicates dehydration. Blood tests showing low electrolyte levels may lead to:

High Values:
Blood test results showing high electrolyte levels may lead to: 

High Values:
A high TSH result may indicate an underactive thyroid gland (hyporthyroidism). 

Low Values 
Low values of hemoglobin indicate that you have anemia, there are many forms of anemia. 

High values
Results from:

Citations:
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hemoglobin-test/details/why-its-done/icc-20311744

http://www.medicinenet.com/hemoglobin/page4.htm

High Values:
A high platelet count of more than 450,000 is known as thrombocytosis. This is usually the result of an existing condition (also called secondary or reactive thrombocytosis) such as:

 

It’s also used to differentiate between postoperative infection and malignant hyperthermia, which is a fast rise in body temperature.

Normal Values
Normal CPK levels can range from 22 to 198 units per litre.
though, that levels can differ due to race, gender or activity levels (or pharmaceutical drugs).

High Values:
High levels of the enzyme may occur due to the following conditions:

Though less risky than high results, you’ll want to bring these up to normal. If the amount of CPK in your body is low, that means there is not significant injury or any reason for your body to need to respond by elevating CPK levels.

Citations:
http://www.healthline.com/health/creatine-phosphokinase-test#risks3

http://www.healthcentral.com/chronic-pain/c/question/146852/168979/

http://knowyourblood.com/the-cpk-isoenzymes-blood-test-test-purpose-high-results-low-results-everything-in-between/

High values: A high Troponin value may mean ischemia heart disease, which indicates:

High Values

Low Values: indicates:

High Values: means hyperuricemia, indicates: 

High Values: indicates Type 2 Diabetes, other conditions that cause high blood glucose includes:

Low Values: indicates insulinoma, other conditions that cause low blood glucose include:

Citations:
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/bdt/types
http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/blood-glucose

Low Values:
A lower-than-normal level of blood albumin may be a sign of: 

High Values: 
Increased blood albumin may be due to: