Understanding Language Development by Madison Foulland https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo ED 565 Parent Workshop Project: Madison F., Samantha S., Shawna W., Jill S., Jennifer B,. Laisa S. en-us 2021-11-01 12:59:16 UTC 2026-02-24 17:55:31 UTC hello@padlet.com Stage 1: Prelinguistic Stage Timeline samanthaskobel https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1865597387 Speech Type Sounds, but no words yet

According to the Jalongo Text, Children at this age will
-Cry to communicate needs at birth
-Begin to make some gestures and vocalize at two weeks
-Make some vowel sounds at six weeks; vowel sounds include things like cooing and eee sounds
-At around two months of age, children begin to smile as a method of communicating
-From six  to nine months they will start to accidentally repeat sounds. This is when we will start to hear syllables, things like da or buh or ba, and these sounds will begin to show their emotions.
-At nine to eleven months, these sounds become purposeful, they show that they understand the repetition of sound.

]]> 2021-11-03 18:46:28 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1865597387 Link to ASHA (American Speech and Hearing Association) Timeline samanthaskobel https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1865604091 The information provided in this timeline corroborates the information above. What we can see here is another timeline that shows us clearly that over the course of the first year, children are slowly developing awareness of their ability to perform different skills, make different sounds, as well as perceive sound and meaning from others. 

ASHA makes suggestions in coordination with this site as to some activities to do with kids this age to help promote this development, these are: 

  • Say sound like "ma," "da," and "ba." Try to get your baby to say them back to you.  
  • Look at your baby when he makes sounds. Talk back to him, and say what he says. Pretend to have a conversation.
  • Respond when your baby laughs or makes faces. Make the same faces back to her.
  • Teach your baby to do what you do, like clapping your hands and playing peek-a-boo.
  • Talk to your baby as you give him a bath, feed him, and get him dressed. Talk about what you are doing and where you are going. Tell him who or what you will see.
  • Point out colors and shapes.
  • Count what you see.
  • Use gestures, like waving and pointing.
  • Talk about animal sounds. This helps your baby connect the sound and the animal. Use words like "The dog says woof-woof."
  • Add on to what your baby says. When your baby says, "Mama," say, "Here is Mama. Mama loves you. Where is baby? Here is baby." 
  • Read to your child. You don't have to read every word, but talk about the pictures. Choose books that are sturdy and have large colorful pictures. Ask your child, "What's this?" and try to get him to point to or name objects. 
]]> 2021-11-03 18:49:42 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1865604091 TED Talk about Babies and Language Acquisition samanthaskobel https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1865621923 This TED talk goes through some fascinating neuroscience as to why the first year of life is both so critically important, as well as why babies have such great skills in developing language during the first year of life. 

In this discussion she talks about the ways that babies start out being able to hear and learn all different types of sounds and learn all types of languages, and then focus their learning and knowledge as they grow and use information. She demonstrates the ways babies are growing and thinking about language during this time of development. 

Importantly she also demonstrates the way that human interaction and teaching through the individual helps to develop language learning.

"At TEDxRainier, Patricia Kuhl shares astonishing findings about how babies learn one language over another -- by listening to the humans around them and "taking statistics" on the sounds they need to know. Clever lab experiments (and brain scans) show how 6-month-old babies use sophisticated reasoning to understand their world."]]> 2021-11-03 18:58:12 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1865621923 Suggestions from Pediatric Society samanthaskobel https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1865645379 While many of the posts below will give you research, information, or background, this brief video is perhaps the most helpful.

It provides some suggestions as to ways to engage with a baby to promote that early language development to the  best of your ability as a parent-- whether or not you can read or sing, they have suggestions for ways you can engage in these activities in a positive way for your child. ]]> 2021-11-03 19:10:23 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1865645379 Links to Some Fun Kids Music For Language Development samanthaskobel https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1865671787 As the previous video mentions, it's great to be able to read or sing with your babies to promote language development, but not everyone knows a lot of songs or stories. Here are some links to songs and stories you can use to find some online,  and a link to the US Library finder if you want to go look for some stories in person.

Songs:
Wheels on the Bus | CoComelon Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs - YouTube

Old MacDonald Had a Farm • Nursery Rhymes Song with Lyrics • Animated Cartoon for Kids - YouTube

Freeze Dance | Freeze Song | Freeze Dance for Kids | Music for Kids | The Kiboomers - YouTube

"The Goldfish (Let's Go Swimming)" by The Laurie Berkner Band (20th Anniversary Edition) - YouTube

Stories:
Storyline Online - Home

Library Finder:
Library Near Me: Locate your nearest U.S. libraries (libraryfinder.org)

]]> 2021-11-03 19:24:00 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1865671787 American Speech-Language Hearing Association slwolfgang https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1876667230 This site gives you what your child should be able to do by these ages. It also gives you ways you can work on these things and help your child if they are struggling. Four to Five Years Old (asha.org)]]> 2021-11-09 00:21:20 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1876667230 Storynory- A free resource where children can listen to stories with an activity to go along with it. slwolfgang https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1876673413 Storynory - Audio Stories for Kids
An online treasure-trove of free audio stories. You can listen to a mixture of original stories, fairy tales, and specially adapted myths and histories. Storynory has published an episode every week since 2005, so there is plenty to love and something for everyone.

Activity to try: Have students write an original short story of their own. If students are not ready for writing a story on their own, they can illustrate pictures and tell about it.

]]> 2021-11-09 00:24:33 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1876673413 Language Tree- How Language Grows slwolfgang https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1876688076 2021-11-09 00:31:40 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1876688076 Lets Talk: slwolfgang https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1876729378 This video shows where students should be at this age group. It also shows ways for you work with your child on ways to enhance skills. ]]> 2021-11-09 00:49:41 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1876729378 Stage 4: Using Complete Sentences (approximately 4–6 years) slwolfgang https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1876751750 According to the Jalongo Text children in this age group will have the following skill or will show improvement in skills. 

4 years:
 *Pronunciation and grammar improve. 
 *Vocabulary: 1,400 to 1,600 words.
 * Social: Child seeks ways to correct misunderstandings; begins to adjust speech to listener's information needs; disputes with peers can be resolved with words and invitations to play are more common.
 * 5 to 6 years: Complex, grammatically correct sentences; uses pronouns; uses past, present, and future verb tenses; average sentence length per oral sentence increases to 6.8 words.
 * Vocabulary: Uses approximately 2,500 words, understands about 6,000, responds to 25,000. • Social: Child has good control of elements of conversation.]]> 2021-11-09 00:59:23 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1876751750 What you need to know: reagmadison https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1877765725 By 6 years old, your child has most likely been using language for years. But language is continuing to develop at a rapid rate for children in early grades. Your child might be beginning to read at 6 years old, and reading independently by 8 years old. Your child will also begin to master writing-- first with small words, but eventually with whole sentences. Your child will most likely still be more advanced in their receptive language development (listening and reading) than their productive (speaking and writing).

According to the Jalongo text (pp. 75, figure 3.4) your child is in Stage 5:
- 6-7 years: producing more complex sentences in speech, using more adjectives, uses conditional statements ("if... then")
- 7-8 years: continuing to advance their sentence complexity, using gerunds, adjectival clauses ("which"), and subordinate clauses ]]> 2021-11-09 09:45:33 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1877765725 Language Milestones: reagmadison https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1877845343 This video gives a brief description of what to expect of your 6-7 year old child's language development.]]> 2021-11-09 10:29:14 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1877845343 What can you do at home? reagmadison https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1877896352 Here are some easy and fun suggestions to support your child's language development at home:

- Play games:
1. Smart Mouth- Two letters will be shown and players have to say a word that starts and ends with the appropriate letters. The whole family can play together! (https://www.amazon.com/Think-Fun-Smart-Mouth-Word/dp/B00005MP02) 
2. Categories- For this game you just need paper and pens. Write a few categories on a piece of paper and then choose a letter, every player must write as many words beginning with that letter in each category. You can play timed or untimed.
3. Boggle Jr- Shake the box and all players must make as many words as possible with the letters. (https://www.amazon.com/Boggle-Junior-Game-Amazon-Exclusive/dp/B00000IWD4)
4. Blurt!- This game is great for reading, listening, and vocabulary building. One player reads the definition of a word on the card and the first player to say (or blurt) the correct answer gets to advance on the board. (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001QOGXPK?tag=mlb-blog-20) 

-Read:
1. Designated Reading Time: Set out 20-30 minutes of family reading time every day, it could be after dinner or before bed. Everyone in the family gets a book, magazine, or newspaper and quietly read. It's great for your child to see you model reading positively!
2. Reading Journals: Create a reading journal for your child to complete as they read. Include: the date, the title of the book, your child's rating, and one word or sentence to describe it.
3. Read Alouds: No child is too old to be read to. Choose a book that might be a little above your child's reading capabilities but is still age-appropriate, and read to them.

-Talk to them:
This may seem obvious, but talking to your young child like an adult will help their language skills tremendously. Ask them about their day, their dreams, what they ate for lunch, etc. Encourage them to tell you detailed stories and respond with engaging questions.

]]> 2021-11-09 10:58:16 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1877896352 Speech/Language Milestones jmbonica https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1879541146 According to Jalongo (p. 75), children begin using 2-3 word phrases at around 2 years old.

At age 2, children:
-have a vocabulary of 50-200 words
-begin holding conversations but have difficulty sticking to a topic

At age 3, children:
-have a vocabulary of 200-300 words 
-are more easily understood by familiar adults
-may become frustrated if not understood
This is the period of most rapid language growth.

The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) also shares that children in this age range:

-have words for most things
-can talk about things that are not in the same room
-use words that show spatial awareness (such as in, on, under)
-use 2-3 word phrases to comment on things or ask questions
-may repeat words or sounds
-can be understood by people familiar to them
-use k, g, f, t, d, and n sounds
-understand opposites
-can follow 2-part directions
-understand new words

]]> 2021-11-09 21:37:25 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1879541146 What does typical language development at this age look/sound like? jmbonica https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1879552364 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has brief video clips that show typical language and communication skills. View the clips below to see what you can expect from your 2 or 3 year old.

Age 2:
Identifying Familiar People and Body Parts
Speaks in 2-4 Word Sentences
Follows Simple Instructions

Age 3:
Names Familiar Objects
Intelligible Conversation
Holds 2-3 Sentence Conversations
Understands Spatial Words]]> 2021-11-09 21:44:42 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1879552364 Activity: Finger Plays jmbonica https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1879571038 According to the Center for Early Literacy Learning (CELL), finger plays are a fun, engaging way for your child to interact with language and motion. Finger plays are songs or rhymes that also incorporate movement. They encourage children to listen, speak, and pair words with actions.

Here are some popular children's songs and finger plays that can be used with them. English and Spanish versions are provided. Try them with your child!

One Little Finger:
English
Spanish

Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes:
English
Spanish

Itsy Bitsy Spider:
English
Spanish]]> 2021-11-09 21:57:08 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1879571038 At Home Activities jmbonica https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1879576918 ASHA is an excellent resource for ways you can support your child's language growth and development at home. Listed below are suggestions for how you can promote language skills with your 2-3 year old at home.
  • Speak clearly to your child. Model good speech.
  • Repeat what your child says to show that you understand. Add on to what she says. Use words like, "Want juice? I have juice. I have apple juice. Do you want apple juice?"
  • It's okay to use baby talk sometimes. Be sure to use the adult word too. For example, "It is time for din-din. We will have dinner now."
  • Cut out pictures of favorite or familiar things. Put them into categories, like things to ride on, things to eat, and things to play with. Make silly pictures by mixing and matching pictures. Glue a picture of a dog behind the wheel of a car. Talk about what is wrong with the picture and ways to "fix" it. 
  • Help your child understand and ask questions. Play the yes–no game. Ask questions such as, "Are you Marty?" and "Can a pig fly?" Have your child make up questions and try to fool you.
  • Ask questions that include a choice. "Do you want an apple or an orange?" "Do you want to wear your red shirt or your blue shirt?" 
  • Help your child learn new words. Name body parts, and talk about what you do with them. "This is my nose. I can smell flowers, brownies, and soap."
  • Sing simple songs, and say nursery rhymes. This helps your child learn the rhythm of speech.
  • Place familiar objects in a box. Have your child take one out and tell you its name and how to use it. "This is my ball. I bounce it. I play with it."
  • Show pictures of familiar people and places. Talk about who they are and what happened. Try making up new stories.

]]> 2021-11-09 22:01:15 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1879576918 Top 5 Podcasts for Children to develop language. slwolfgang https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1882193583 Below you can find the names of the podcasts and a description of each. The link you are able to access the website. You can then click on the name of the podcast and it will take you where you can listen.
Sesame Street (ages 18 months+)
The Sesame Street Podcast is actually a video podcast ). It is really the equivalent of short episodes of Sesame Street. This is a great first podcast because even very young children can recognize the familiar voices from the show and get down to the catchy music.

Disney Story Central (ages 2 years+)
In the Disney Story Central Podcast, a narrator reads through a familiar Disney story. There is a bit of music and the narrators keep it interesting with a lot of intonation changes and enthusiasm. Think about this like a really great storytime at your local library.

Story Pirates (ages 2.5 years+)
In Story Pirates, you will find stories written by kids, for kids. This translates into silly kid humor that can be appreciated by the whole family. The narrator reads the story written by a young child and then professional actors take over and do a longer "adaptation" based on the child's story. Be prepared, it's pretty silly. The writers thoughtfully throw in plenty of jokes for the grown-ups too.

Story Nory (ages 3 years+)
In Story Nory you will find a mixture of classic and modern children's stories. There isn't much in the way of music and the stories are read by a single narrator. Due to the fact that there is only one voice, listening  requires slightly more advanced skills (i.e. a good challenge). These advanced skills include differentiating between characters and carefully following the story line. This podcast will grow with your child and help to teach the basic format of a story.

Children's Fun Storytime Podcast (ages 4 years+)
The Children's Fun Story-time Podcast is also a single narrator without music. They do some excellent classic stories and often split up longer chapter books into different episodes. As children grow older they will be able to engage with longer stories like this--and will be able to stop after one chapter and pick up later where they left off.

]]> 2021-11-10 18:56:50 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1882193583 Works Cited samanthaskobel https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1889461259 “ASHA.” American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, https://www.asha.org/.

Jalongo, Mary Renck. Early Childhood Language Arts. Pearson, 2014.

Kuhl, Patricia. “The Linguistic Genius of Babies.” Ted Talk.

Society, Canadian Paediatric. “Protecting and Promoting the Health and Well-Being of Children and Youth.” Canadian Paediatric Society, https://cps.ca/. 

]]> 2021-11-14 17:14:01 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1889461259 Speech and Language Milestones lklord1 https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1889556611
  • Babble in a way that sounds like talking and try to “talk” with you
  • Recognize family members’ names and the words for common items (cup, ball, shoe)
  • Raise their arms when they want to be picked up, point at things they want, and shake their head no
  • Understand basic commands like stop
  • Say no, mama, and several other words
  • Express happiness, sadness, and frustration with different sounds or cries
  • can say one word by age one (mama, dada, and baba (bottle) do not count)
  • can say two words consecutively by age two

Milestones for 1-Year-Olds | Typical Development in the Second Year | Understood - For learning and thinking differences



Speech Milestones for a 1 Year Old - YouTube
]]> 2021-11-14 19:02:30 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1889556611 Activities for Language Development lklord1 https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1889577355 -Building blocks: This provides you with the opportunity to play side by side with your child. You can introduce adjectives to your child and provide opportunities for new lexicon to be introduced, as well.

-Talk your way through the day: This activity will provide you and your child the opportunity to talk about what you are doing throughout the day. Your child will have the opportunity to learn what vocabulary is used during specific activities.

5 Language Development Activities for Toddlers & Children | NAPA Center

 ]]> 2021-11-14 19:28:10 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1889577355 Fun and Music lklord1 https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1889586288 Children at this age typically enjoy music and animals. This song is also a book, but it was turned into a song. This song provides opportunities to add colors and animals to your child's vocabulary.




]]> 2021-11-14 19:39:22 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1889586288 Post-Workshop Survey (Google Form) jmbonica https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1892501135 Please use the survey to provide your feedback on the workshop. You can use the Google Form link or the PDF version.


]]> 2021-11-15 22:54:10 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1892501135 Post-Workshop Survey (PDF) jmbonica https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1892502333 Here is the PDF version of the survey if you are unable to use the Google Form.]]> 2021-11-15 22:55:20 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1892502333 Works Cited: 2-3 years jmbonica https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1892505631 2021-11-15 22:58:13 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1892505631 Independent Learning: reagmadison https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1896856278 If your child loves their screen time, why not make it educational and productive? Here are some recommendations of apps that promote language development: 

-Reading Eggs 
-ABC PocketPhonics 
-Phonics Genius
-Starfall
-Reading Raven ]]> 2021-11-17 13:34:44 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1896856278 Works Cited 6+: reagmadison https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1896865148 Jalongo, Mary Renck. Early Childhood Language Arts. Pearson, 2014. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fkSmkMpjEGY&t=2s]]> 2021-11-17 13:38:11 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1896865148 Fun Books lklord1 https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1896897720 Reading to your child is a great way to help your child learn new words, and it provides an opportunity to bond with your child. Here is a list of books for you to enjoy with your child. ]]> 2021-11-17 13:50:11 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1896897720 American Speech and Hearing Association lklord1 https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1896917112 ASHA is a creditable source that describes what milestones your child should be hitting during this time.]]> 2021-11-17 13:56:48 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1896917112 Delayed? lklord1 https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1896948462 5 Signs of a Speech Delay | Speech Therapist Explains - YouTube
This video provides you some information from a Speech Therapists on speech delays. As always, consult your child's pediatrician if you have any concerns. ]]> 2021-11-17 14:07:38 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1896948462 Language Sample lklord1 https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1896955086 Let's talk: 12 to 18 Months - YouTube
This video provides you with an example of how a typically developing child would speak and interact at this age.]]> 2021-11-17 14:09:51 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1896955086 Work Cited 4-6 slwolfgang https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1897533316 2021-11-17 17:33:36 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1897533316 Works Cited Ages 1-2 lklord1 https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1897648451 2021-11-17 18:22:47 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1897648451 Welcome! jillstanek100 https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1898536200 We are so happy you are joining us for Understanding Language Development. Please explore the information and activities for each age group. A brief survey is found at the end. Thank you!]]> 2021-11-18 03:11:20 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1898536200 Encouraging Language Development jillstanek100 https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1898616721 Being able to communicate allows children to make connections in the world. It allows for friendships to be made and learning to be understood. It is a skill that enables enjoyment of life. As your child's first teacher,
encouraging communication is important. Many publications offer tips such as talking, reading and telling stories. Parents Magazine cautions using television and computers sparingly. They suggest going on field trips and treating medical issues, such as ear infections immediately. Most importantly, they suggest having fun. Above are some games to encourage that. ]]> 2021-11-18 03:57:26 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1898616721 Information for Parents and Professionals on Children's Communication jillstanek100 https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1898627243 General information to help understand language development]]> 2021-11-18 04:04:17 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1898627243 Works Cited Introduction jillstanek100 https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1898743848 Gardephe,C. (2001, September 23). 9 Ways to Help Your Child's Language Development.  Parents. from https://www.parents.com

Quotes About Children's Languages. Quote Master. https://www.quotemaster.org]]> 2021-11-18 05:38:06 UTC https://padlet.com/reagmadison/anijr7omeaubg3bo/wish/1898743848