History of Education by Angel Martinez

1647 Education History

angelmartinez102 — 2024-11-30 22:22:18 UTC

Every General Court of he Massachusetts Bay Colony decrees that every town of fifty families should have an elementary school and that every town of 100 families should have a Latin school. The goal is to ensure that Puritan children learn to read the Bible and receive basic information about their Calvinist religion.

1779 Education History

angelmartinez102 — 2024-11-30 22:27:41 UTC

Thomas Jefferson proposes a two track eduactional system, with different tracks in his words for "the laboring and the learned." Scholarships would allow a very few of the laboring class to advance, Jefferson says, by "ranking a few geniuses from the rubbish."

angelmartinez102 — 2024-11-30 22:29:24 UTC

The Pennsylvania State Constitution calls for free public education but only for poor children. It is expected that rich people pay for their children's schooling.

1820-1860

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The percentage of people working in agriculture plummets as family farms are gobbled up by larger agricultural businesses and people are forced to look for work in towns and cities. At the same time, cities grow tremendously fueled by new manufacturing industries, the influx of people from rural areas and many immigrants from Europe. During the 10 years from 1846 to 1856, 3.1 million immigrants arrive, a number equal to one eight of the entire U.S population. Owners of industry needed a docile obedient workforce and look to public schools to provide it.

1837

angelmartinez102 — 2024-11-30 22:36:56 UTC

Horace Mann becomes head of newly formed Massachusetts State Board of Education. Edmund Dwight, a major industrialist, thinks a state board of education was so important to factory owners that he offered to supplement the state salary with extra money of his own.

1848

angelmartinez102 — 2024-11-30 22:39:10 UTC

Massachusetts Reform School at Westboro opens, where children who refused to attend public schools are sent. This begins a long tradition of "reform schools," which combine the education and juvenile systems.

1851

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State of Massachusetts passes first compulsory education law. The goal is to make sure that the children of poor immigrants get "civilized" and learn obedience and restraint, so they make good workers and don't contribute to social upheaval.

1868

angelmartinez102 — 2024-11-30 22:51:26 UTC

Fourteenth Amendment Ratified: This is the most cited amendment in Supreme Court civil rights cases such as Brown v. Board of Education, Roe v. Wade and Obergefell v. Hodges. Gay rights advocates cite this amendment in support of equality for future court cases. "All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law, which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the US; nor shall any State deporice anty person's life , liberty, or property, without due prices into law' nor deny to any person within jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

1870

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The US government enrolled Native American students in Christian-run boarding schools. In these institutions, children were forbidden to speak in their own languages or wear their hair long, they were taught christianity dressed and groomed according to European stylers, and had their names replaced with Christian-European names. Many boarding houses were former military sites and were operated by military personnel.

1892

angelmartinez102 — 2024-11-30 23:03:01 UTC

The Pamphlet, "Psychopathia Sexualis" is translated from German and one of the first times the term bisexual is used. Written by Richard van Kraft-Ebbing. Translated by Charles Gilbert Chaddock.

1900's

angelmartinez102 — 2024-11-30 23:06:53 UTC

Education for European immigrant children include immersion in English-only classrooms without accommodations, placement in 1st grade classrooms regardless of the age of the child and intelligence testing which led to the disproportionate placement of immigrant children in special education classes. Meanwhile in the West and Southwest, separate schools were developed for Spanish-speaking students. These schools focused on teaching English and punished students for speaking in Spanish. Fewer resources were given to these schools and they were generally staffed by less qualified teachers.

1950

angelmartinez102 — 2024-11-30 23:09:45 UTC

U.S Congress issues the report entitled "Employment of Homosexuals and Other sex Perverts in Government" is distributed to members of Congress after the federal government had covertly investigated employees' sexual orientation. The report states that since homosexuality is a mental illness, homosexuals "Constitute security risks" to the nation.

The Mattachine Society

angelmartinez102 — 2024-11-30 23:16:08 UTC

The Mattachine Society formed in Los Angeles, CA by activist Harry Hay and is one of the first sustained gay rights groups in the United States. The society focused on social acceptance and other support for homosexuals. Various branches formed in other cities. The organization continues today with different objectives.

1952

angelmartinez102 — 2024-11-30 23:18:37 UTC

U.S Congress passed and President Harry S. Truman signed into law the Immigration Act that barred "aliens afflicted with a psychopathic personality, epilepsy or mental defect." Congress made clear that this was meant to exclude "homosexuals and sex perverts."

1954

angelmartinez102 — 2024-11-30 23:21:07 UTC

Brown v. Board of Education (Supreme Court Decision) Unanimous decision that determined that separate was not equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. Overturned previous decision of Plessy V. Ferguson (1896) that had declared that separate was equal.

angelmartinez102 — 2024-11-30 23:26:22 UTC

The first phase of collegiate theater instruction began between 1900 and 1925, when universities started to officially sanction extracurricular clubs and productions.

1936 - 1944

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The American Educational Theater Association (AETA) was formed in 1936 to encourage theater in education. The AETA's Children's Theater Committee (CTC) ws established in 1937, and the first national Children's Theater Conference was held in 1944

1910

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In 1910 The Board of Education reported on the benefits of dramatic activity. They recommended the increase in provision for dramatic activity which in the early 1900s and the 1910's, putting on plays was an important part of the curriculum. By the 1940s, Drama was well established practice in all schools.

1935

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The Federal Theater Project (FTP) was a New Deal program, established in 1935. It was a direct response to the high unemployment rate among theater workers. The FTP was a major moment in American culture, as it was the first time the federal government directly funded the arts. THe FTP was a success but was canceled by Congress in 1939 due to political controversy.

National Endowment for the Arts

angelmartinez102 — 2024-11-30 23:57:04 UTC

The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) received varying levels of funding over the years. In the mid 1980s to mid 1990s, the NEA received between 160-180 million dollars annually. In 1996, funding was cut to 99.5 million due to criticism from conservative groups. Now in 2024, the NEA is budgeted to receive 210.1 million dollars in funding.

1917

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The Stage Women's War Relief was formed in 1917 by seven suffragist to raise money for American soldiers during World War I. The organization raised over $7million.

1960

angelmartinez102 — 2024-12-01 00:03:02 UTC

The Gay Liberation Movement was the gay rights movement that saw early progress in the 1960's. In 1961, Illinois became the first state to do away with its anti-sodomy laws, effectively decriminalizing homosexuality, adn local TV station in California aired the first documentary about homosexuality, called The Rejected.

1969

angelmartinez102 — 2024-12-01 00:06:08 UTC

Stonewall Riots: On June 28 1969, the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York's Greenwich Village, was raided by police. But instead of responding with the routine compliance the NYPD expected, patrons and a growing crowd decided to fight back. The five days of rioting that ensued changed forever the face of gay and lesbian life.

1970

angelmartinez102 — 2024-12-01 00:09:57 UTC

The first Gay Liberation Day March is held in NYC; the first ever LGBTQ+ Pride Parade was held in Los Angeles; the first "Gay-In" held in San Francisco; Carl Wittam writes a Gay Manifesto' CAMP (Campaign Against Moral Persecution) is formed in Australia.

1982

angelmartinez102 — 2024-12-01 00:16:09 UTC

The AIDS epidemic started in Seattle with the first diagnosed case in 1982. By 1989, King County had recorded 1,017 cases of AIDS and 549 AIDS-related deaths (54% of total cases). The Seattle King County Department of Public Health found that of the AIDS diagnoses given, 94% went to gay or bisexual men. Nationwide, homophobia and lack of support from Ronald Reagan's administration resulted in almost nonexistent AIDS relief at the federal level. The administration's silence about the epidemic during the first years of his presidency cost the country many lives and thousands of dollars in federally funded research. Pat Buchanan, his communications director , described AIDS as "nature's revenge on gay men." By 1987 nearly 21,000 Americans had died from AIDS.

1993

angelmartinez102 — 2024-12-01 00:23:09 UTC

In 1993 the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy was instituted within the U.S military, and permitted gays to serve in the milirary but banned homosexual activity. While President Clinton's intention to revoke the prohibition against gays in the military was originally met with stiff oppositions, jis co,por,mise led to the discharge of thousands of men and women in the armed forces. In response to "dont ask dont tell," Amendment 2 in colorado rising hate crimes and ongoing discrimination against the LGBTQ community and estmated 800,000 to one million participated in March on Washington for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual equal rights and Liberation on April 25, 1993.

2006

angelmartinez102 — 2024-12-01 00:30:37 UTC

Senator Sheila Kuehl introduced SB 1437, "The Bias-Free Curriculum Act." Passed by legislature, but vetoed by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. A different nondiscrimination in State Programs and Activities Act," was signed into law that year, stipulating into law that states agencies and schools may not discriminate against homosexual people.

angelmartinez102 — 2024-12-01 00:36:52 UTC

The FAIR Education Act, SB 48, was signed into law on July 14, 2011 and went into effect on January 1, 2012. It amends the California education code to include fair, accurate, inclusive, and respectful reference to contributions by people with disibilities and members of the LGBTQ community.

angelmartinez102 — 2024-12-01 00:45:50 UTC

In 2017 history textbooks found lacking LGBT-Inclusivity 2017 - Spring; New state history textbooks reviewed by state panels, which for the first time are required to include LGBT history. State Commisions approved LGBTQ inclusive textbooks to the State Boeard of Education. Teachers prepare to teach LGBT-Inclusive materials, in 2015 school districts across CA review tecommended texts, per processes guided by CA Dept. of Edu. Code and decided which will be used fo rhtier school districts.

angelmartinez102 — 2024-12-01 00:49:20 UTC

California GOV. Newsom has signed a law requiring k-12 schools to provide gender-neutral bathrooms by July 2026. The new law, Senate Bill 760, was among a series of laws signed by Newsom to expand protections for the state's LGBTQ community.