Civilian's Rights and Revolution by James Richard Guzman

1961 Berlin Wall Built

bfleischauer — 2024-06-04 15:44:58 UTC

The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 to prevent East Germans from fleeing and stop an economically disastrous migration of workers. It wanted show it's sovereignty to the world.

Communist Revolution in China- October 1, 1949

jguzman154 — 2024-06-04 15:47:01 UTC

It was a prolonged process with various phases, successes, and failures. It was also brought about significant social and economic changes, but at a high human cost. It was a legacy that continues to shape China's political and economic landscape today.

Freedom Riders Began in 1961

bfleischauer — 2024-06-04 15:54:36 UTC

This was a group devoted to nonviolent resistance.Their goal was to challenge state laws that enforced segregation in transportation and call upon the federal government to enforce the recent Supreme Court Boynton v. Virginia ruling prohibiting the segregation of interstate travel.

March 1946 Winston Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech

jguzman154 — 2024-06-05 16:19:09 UTC

This speech emphasizes the necessity for the United States and Britain to act as the guardians of peace and stability against the menace of Soviet communism, where it had lowered an "iron curtain" across Europe.

1961 Bay of Pigs

2024-06-05 16:21:40 UTC

After much debate in his administration Kennedy authorized a clandestine invasion of Cuba by a brigade of Cuban exiles. The brigade hit the beach at the Bay of Pigs on April 17, 1961, but the operation collapsed in spectacular failure within 2 days.

1962 Cuban Missile Crisis

2024-06-05 16:35:32 UTC

In October 1962, an American U-2 spy plane secretly photographed nuclear missile sites being built by the Soviet Union on the island of Cuba. President Kennedy did not want the Soviet Union and Cuba to know that he had discovered the missiles. He met in secret with his advisors for several days to discuss the problem. They eventually would solve this problem by setting a naval blockade for weapons into Cuba.

1949 NATO- What was the purpose of this organization?

jguzman154 — 2024-06-05 16:35:41 UTC

This organization was made from alliance power, its purpose was to guarantee the freedom and security of its members through political and military means, they also establish an international community of like minded nations to protect one another in case of military attack.

1962 Creation of the United Farm Workers (UFW)- What is the UFW?

2024-06-05 16:38:47 UTC

In August 1966, the two organizations merged to form the United Farm Workers. This was a union committed to nonviolent protest that sought to organize migrant farm laborers to improve their wages, education, housing, and legal protections. They would try and boycott things like grapes and lettuce.

Publication of the Feminine Mystique 1963- What did this publication led to?

2024-06-05 16:39:43 UTC

Friedan suggests a new way forward in which women are encouraged to form their own sense of identity through education and work. The Feminine Mystique is credited with helping to start second-wave feminism.

1963 Assassination of JFK- Who assassinated him?

2024-06-05 16:45:13 UTC

When riding in a convertible limousine, JFK was shot in the head causing him to have severe brain damage and die. He was killed by a man named Lee Harvey Oswald who would later be murdered by Jack Ruby.

1955-1975 Vietnam War

jguzman154 — 2024-06-05 16:47:30 UTC

It was fought between communist North Vietnam, backed by the Soviet Union and China. This bloody conflict had its roots in French colonial rule and an independence movement driven by communist leader Ho Chi Minh. The main goal of invading Vietnam is to prevent the Communist domination of South-East Asia.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

2024-06-05 16:47:36 UTC

This act was signed into law on August 6, 1965, by President Lyndon B. Johnson. It outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting.

1968 Tet Offensive

2024-06-05 17:13:27 UTC

This was an attack produced by the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces against the southern Vietnamese targets. The U.S. and the southern Vietnamese both suffered heavy losses but before finally taking over the communist revolt.

1969 Stonewall Riots- What did this event cause to happen?

2024-06-05 22:18:48 UTC

On June 28, 1969, in the late hours of the night, a routine police raid of a gay bar called Stonewall Inn sparked the fire that fueled the first wave of the Gay Pride Movement in NYC. This led to gay rights organizations, including the Human Rights Campaign, OutRage!, GLAAD, PFLAG, and Queer Nation.

March on Washington 1963

2024-06-05 22:23:35 UTC

On 28 August 1963, more than 200,000 citizens took part in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in the nation's capital. The march was successful in pressuring the administration of John F. Kennedy to initiate a strong federal civil rights bill in Congress.

1969 “Red Power” occupation of Alcatraz

2024-06-05 22:34:39 UTC

In 1969, a group of Native American activists called the Indians of All Tribes arrived on Alcatraz. Red Power on Alcatraz: Perspectives 50 Years Later tells the story of their 19 month occupation of the island, a watershed moment in the movement for Native American civil rights.

Voting Rights Acts of 1965

2024-06-05 22:39:08 UTC

The Voting Rights Act was enacted as a comprehensive tool meant to undo the political hold of Jim Crow policies in the South and similar discriminatory structures nationwide. Congress adopted the law to ensure that states followed the 15th Amendment’s guarantee that the right to vote not be denied because of race.

Title IX of the Educational Amendments passed 1972- What did Title IX do?

2024-06-05 22:42:54 UTC

Title IX is a federal law that was passed in 1972 to ensure that male and female students and employees in educational settings are treated equally and fairly. It protects against discrimination based on sex, including sexual harassment.

1972-1974 Watergate

2024-06-05 22:50:11 UTC

This was a break-in at the Democratic National Committee offices in the Watergate complex in Washington carried out under the direction of White House employees. Disclosure of the White House involvement in the break-in and cover-up forced President Nixon to resign in 1974 to avoid impeachment.

Roe v. Wade 1973

2024-06-05 22:54:48 UTC

In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court decided that the right to privacy implied in the 14th Amendment protected abortion as a fundamental right. However, the government retained the power to regulate or restrict abortion access depending on the stage of pregnancy. It was overturned last year in 2023.

August 9, 1974 Resignation of Richard Nixon

2024-06-05 22:57:02 UTC

At noon on August 9, 1974 Nixon officially ended his term, departing with his family in a helicopter from the White House lawn. The main part in his resignation being the "Watergate Scandal."

1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens

2024-06-06 04:04:59 UTC

This was a series of blasts occurred from the summit and escalated until a major explosive eruption took place on May 18, 1980, at 8:32 am. The eruption, which had a volcanic explosivity index of 5, was the first to occur in the United States since the much smaller 1915 eruption of Lassen Peak in California.

John Lennon Assassination

2024-06-06 04:09:34 UTC

On the evening of 8 December 1980, the English musician John Lennon, formerly of the Beatles, was shot and fatally wounded in the archway of the Dakota, his residence in New York City. He would eventually die and this would go down as one the most shocking deaths ever.

1990-1991 Gulf War

2024-06-06 04:11:53 UTC

The invasion of Kuwait led to a United Nations Security Council embargo and sanctions on Iraq and a U.S. led coalition air and ground war. This war began on January 16, 1991, and ended with an Iraqi defeat and retreat from Kuwait on February 28, 1991.

1992 - 27th Amendment ratified.

2024-06-06 04:19:22 UTC

The 27th Amendment was ratified into the Constitution on May 7, 1992. It forbids any changes to the salary of Congress members from taking effect until the next election concludes.

9/11/2001

2024-06-06 04:20:09 UTC

On the morning of 11 September 2001, 19 terrorists from the Islamist extreme group al Qaeda hijacked four commercial aircraft and crashed two of them into the North and South Towers of the World Trade Center complex in New York City. This would lead to a 20 year war with Afghanistan nicknamed the "War on Terror."

1948 Marshall Plan

jguzman154 — 2024-06-06 17:21:43 UTC

It is also known as the European Recovery Program, it was a U.S. program providing aid to Western Europe following the devastation of WW2. It was enacted in 1948 and provided more the $15 billion to help finance rebuilding efforts on the continent. The brainchild of U.S. Secretary of State George C.

1945 Creation of the United Nations

jguzman154 — 2024-06-06 17:31:33 UTC

The United Nations was created by leaders from 50 countries who gathered in San Francisco to agree upon an international treaty to enshrine the equal rights of all people and maintain peace.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 1957

jguzman154 — 2024-06-06 17:36:45 UTC

The Southern Christian leadership Conference was a civil rights organization, their goal was to redeem the soul of America through nonviolent resistance, they are best known for their mobilizing large, nonviolent protests in places like Birmingham and Selma, aimed at moving the national conscience and pushing the federal government to support civil rights initiatives.

June 1948 Berlin Blockade

jguzman154 — 2024-06-06 17:49:02 UTC

Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin imposed the Berlin Blockade. It cuts off all land and river transit between West Berlin and West Germany. Stalin wanted Germany to remain weak, as a strong Germany could represent a threat to the Soviet Union.

Suez Crisis 1956

jguzman154 — 2024-06-06 18:05:42 UTC

The Suez Crisis remains a pivotal event in the history of the Middle East and the Cold War. It highlighted the complexities of international relations, the dangers of colonialism, and the shifting balance of power in the post-war world.

June 1950- July 1953 Korean War

jguzman154 — 2024-06-06 18:12:54 UTC

The Korean War was a complex and devastating conflict rooted in the aftermath of World War 2 and the emerging Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union. It remains a significant event in the history of the Cold War and the Korean peninsula. It also serves as a reminder of the human cost of ideological conflicts and the enduring legacy of the Cold War division.

Brown v. Board of Education 1954

jguzman154 — 2024-06-07 15:37:49 UTC

Brown v. The Board of Education case declared the separate but equal doctrine unconstitutional. The landmark Brown v. Board decision gave LDF its most celebrated victory in a long, storied history of fighting for civil rights and marked a defining moment in US history. The State-sanctioned segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th Amendment and was therefore unconstitutional.

1957 Sputnik

jguzman154 — 2024-06-07 15:41:09 UTC

Sputnik 1 was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 as part of the Soviet space program. It sent a radio signal back to Earth for three weeks before its three silver-zinc batteries became depleted. The launch and orbit of Sputnik 1 suggested that the Soviet Union had made a substantial leap in technology, which was interpreted as a serious threat to US national security.

Montgomery bus Boycott 1955-1956

jguzman154 — 2024-06-07 16:52:32 UTC

Montgomery bus boycott, mass protest against the bus system of Montgomery, Alabama, by civil rights activists and their supporters that led to a 1956 U.S. Supreme Court decision declaring that Montgomery's segregation laws on buses were unconstitutional.

Feb 25, 1948. MLK Ordained to the Baptist ministry

jguzman154 — 2024-06-07 17:01:27 UTC

Martin Luther King, Jr. entered the Christian ministry and was ordained in February 1948 at the age of nineteen at Ebenezer Baptist Church, Atlanta, Georgia. Following his ordination, he became Assistant Pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church.

1955 Warsaw pact

jguzman154 — 2024-06-07 17:08:52 UTC

The Warsaw Treaty Organization was a political and military alliance established on May 14, 1955, between the Soviet Union and several Eastern European countries. The Warsaw Pact provided for a unified military command and the systematic ability to strengthen the Soviet hold over the other participating countries.

Cold War- 1947

jguzman154 — 2024-06-07 17:41:17 UTC

The Cold War began with the announcement of the Truman Doctrine in 1947, started a gradual winding down with the Sino-Soviet split between the Soviets and the People's Republic of China in 1961, and ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China

jguzman154 — 2024-06-07 17:49:59 UTC

Nixon travelled to Communist China February 21–28, 1972, becoming the first U.S. President to visit mainland China while in office. Near the end of the trip, the two governments issued the Shanghai Communiqué, in which each articulated its position on a crucial obstacle to normalization, the Taiwan issue.

Voting Age Lowered to 18- 26th Amendment

jguzman154 — 2024-06-07 18:00:02 UTC

Ratified on July 1, 1971, the 26th Amendment opened a new window to the U.S. Constitution extended the right to vote to all Americans aged 18 and older by lowering the federal voting age from 21. The reason why they lowered the age for voting was because there were not enough people showing up for elections.