The nervous system by Bridgette Kerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36 There are two divisions of the nervous system. and that is the Central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. For the purpose of this assignment we will be discussing the peripheral en-us 2022-11-04 20:44:42 UTC 2022-11-04 23:53:28 UTC hello@padlet.com Visceral Division (Autonomic Nervous System) bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370649743 This system consist of nerves which innervate both cardiac and smooth muscle. This system is involuntary. ]]> 2022-11-04 20:50:11 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370649743 parasympathetic bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370662118 The "rest and digest" system. This system can activate a single organ in response to stimulation. ]]> 2022-11-04 21:10:29 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370662118 sympathetic system bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370662192 the "fight or flight" system. This system upon activation affects the whole body ]]> 2022-11-04 21:10:38 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370662192 Acetylcholine bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370666702 In the preganglionic neuron the neurotransmitter that is released is acetylcholine which will bind to nicotinic receptors located on the dendrites of the postganglionic neuron.  acetylcholine also is the neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic system for the postganglionic neuron which is released and activates musineric receptors on the  effector organ]]> 2022-11-04 21:18:20 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370666702 norepinephrine bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370671395 This is a neurotransmitter used in the sympathetic system. it is produced from dopamine. these are released onto the receptors of the effector organ. it is important to note that norepinephrine does not stimulate beta 2 receptors. ]]> 2022-11-04 21:27:00 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370671395 Receptors bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370680588 there are two types of receptors musineric receptors and nicotinic receptors  ]]> 2022-11-04 21:44:27 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370680588 musineric receptors bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370690288 the drug categories for the parasympathetic system are based upon how they affect this receptor. acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter that stimulates this receptor can be blocked by an antagonist (Anticholinergic). the acetylcholine can be degraded less causing a higher concentration (indirect acting cholinergic drug).  Or the drug can simply stimulate the receptor (direct acting cholinergic drug). ]]> 2022-11-04 22:04:10 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370690288 Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370700731 Acetylcholine
pilocarpine (Pilocar®)
bethanechol (Urecholine®)
]]> 2022-11-04 22:27:35 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370700731 Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agents bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370700969 neostigmine (Prostigmin®) ]]> 2022-11-04 22:28:10 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370700969 Anticholinergic bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370701188 atropine
dicyclomine (Bentyl®) 
]]> 2022-11-04 22:28:42 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370701188 systems affected bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370704177 The arteries of the body are not innervated by the parasympathetic division therefore there is not an effect. The parasympathetic system causes bronchoconstriction of the lungs. it causes miosis or pupil constriction. it stimulate bowel motility and increases urination by relaxing the ureters and the constriction of the bladder ]]> 2022-11-04 22:36:19 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370704177 epinephrine bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370705575 this neurotransmitter is made in the adrenal medulla. these are released onto the receptors of the effector organ. ]]> 2022-11-04 22:39:35 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370705575 neurotransmitters bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370706210 2022-11-04 22:41:19 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370706210 relaxes smooth muscle bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370707301 2022-11-04 22:44:02 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370707301 alpha 1 receptor bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370707848 2022-11-04 22:45:19 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370707848 beta 2 receptor bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370708045 2022-11-04 22:45:42 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370708045 beta 1 receptor bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370708195 2022-11-04 22:46:03 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370708195 location bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370710777 smooth muscle of the veins and arteries, urinary sphincter and digestive tract. ]]> 2022-11-04 22:52:09 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370710777 goal of these receptors bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370711656 in time of need it is essential to direct blood flow to vital areas during the fight or flight response. Therefore these receptors help facilitate a reaction which will constrict blood vessels to better direct blood flow. ]]> 2022-11-04 22:54:18 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370711656 location bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370711980 smooth muscle of the coronary, lungs and skeletal muscle of vessels.]]> 2022-11-04 22:55:08 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370711980 goal of these receptors bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370713027 Vasodilation of skeletal vessels and coronary vessels and bronchodilation ]]> 2022-11-04 22:57:52 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370713027 location bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370714166 heart]]> 2022-11-04 23:00:51 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370714166 goal of these receptors bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370714363 to increase heart contractility, rate, conduction]]> 2022-11-04 23:01:20 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370714363 I. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370717370 ephedrine phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®). these drugs directly stimulate the alpha 1 receptor which will lead to a variety of effects. alpha 1 receptors cause the vasoconstriction of the nasal passageways so they cause a decongestant effect. These drugs will cause blood vessels to contract and increase blood pressure ]]> 2022-11-04 23:09:04 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370717370 II. Adrenergic Agonists bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370719594 epinephrine (Adrenalin®). This drug is nonspecific in regards to receptors and will cause great vasopressor effects.          ]]> 2022-11-04 23:14:38 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370719594 III. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocker bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370721279 prazosin (Minipress®)
terazosin (Hytrin®)
doxazosin (Cardura®)
These drugs block the receptor which causes the opposite effect. there will be relaxation of blood vessels leading to lower blood pressure and there will be an increase in urinary flow      
]]> 2022-11-04 23:18:34 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370721279 Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonist bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370722588 Dobutamine 

This drug function to increase heart function in situations such as shock. they do this by stimulating the beta 1 receptors

]]> 2022-11-04 23:21:59 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370722588 Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonist bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370725007   formoterol (Foradil®)
 albuterol (Proventil®/Ventolin®)
terbutaline (Brethine®)

These drugs act by activating the beta-2 receptors which will cause bronchodilation and the dilation of blood vessels for the coronary vessels and skeletal muscle. 


]]> 2022-11-04 23:27:21 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370725007 beta blockers bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370727255 2022-11-04 23:33:00 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370727255 selective beta 1 blockers bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370727696 these drugs block the beta 1 receptor which in turn can lead to a decreased heart rate, contractility and conduction.

atenolol (Tenormin®)
metoprolol (Lopressor®)
]]> 2022-11-04 23:34:11 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370727696 non selective blockers bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370728402 these drugs block the beta 1 receptor and the beta 2 receptor.  which in turn can lead to a decreased heart rate, contractility, conduction and can lead to bronchoconstriction.


nadolol (Corgard®)

propanolol(Inderal®) 

timolol (Blocadren®)
]]> 2022-11-04 23:36:05 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370728402 work cited bridgettekerr https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370734474 1. Hitner, . Pharmacology: An Introduction with Additional Material. Available from: Yuzu, (8th Edition). McGraw-Hill Learning Solutions, 2021.
2. "U2 ANS Part 1", November 4th 2022, Austin Community College, Austin TX. Lecture. ]]> 2022-11-04 23:51:40 UTC https://padlet.com/bridgettekerr/al55w01nm4thih36/wish/2370734474