• Affects skin

• Enveloped viruses infects sensory nerve cells

• Present but not doing damage in sensory ganglia- develops into zoster

• transmitted from muscoal cells and spreads to lymph nodes

• Envelope unnecessary for cell-to-cell transmission

• Needed to spread into nervous system and from person to person

• Linear double-stranded DNA molecule

• Some have superhelical DNA molecules

• Transmitted from person to person through airborne viral particles in shed skin cells after sneezing, coughing, or breathing

• Breathed in and enters mucous membrane in respiratory tract

• Invades T-cells in blood and is carried to the skin

• Recreates envelope

• Shingles can be spread through touch during the active phase when the blisters have not formed dry crusts but have erupted

• Fever, headache, swollen glands

• headache, fever, stomach ache, fatigue, inflammation of brain

• pneumonia

• Sensitive skin

• Rash on the trunk

• rash, first on the face, trunk, or scalp, and then spreading everywhere else

-10-17 days after exposure

-increase of B cells and T cells in their effector forms.

• secondary immune response

-adaptive immunity

-B cells will release antibody-secreting effector cells

-B and T memory cells generated from the original exposure may live for many decades.

• lysogenic cycle

-the virus’s DNA is incorporated into the host’s DNA and is replicated.