https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw Ask Dr Hill your questions here en-us 2020-12-12 15:27:35 UTC 2025-10-12 19:22:26 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1068937449 When talking about 2px, 2py and 2pz are you referring to the 3 orbitals in the 2p sub shell? So are these just different names for the three orbitals? Is 2px the 1st orbital in the p sub shell, 2py the 2nd orbital and 2pz the third 
orbital?]]> 2021-01-08 22:11:13 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1068937449 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1068995427 What do you mean by 'energy required (400 kJ mol) is more than recovered in making two extra bonds'?  Is 400 kJ mol of energy absorbed or released when making the sp3 hybrid orbitals? And is energy released/absorbed when forming two extra bonds in carbon?

]]> 2021-01-08 22:54:31 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1068995427 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1071597542 Hello, for the medchem and pharmacology CA tests, will any past papers / practice questions be provided? Thank you]]> 2021-01-10 16:02:50 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1071597542 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1071844644 Are the literature reviews for each week compulsory reading on top of the textbook or are they optional? Thank you ]]> 2021-01-10 18:07:11 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1071844644 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1073606060 Will the CA tests and may exam contain any content from the guest lectures?]]> 2021-01-11 11:56:09 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1073606060 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1073694141 Will content of the outside reading (i.e the textbook) be examined in the CA tests?]]> 2021-01-11 12:30:11 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1073694141 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1078100733 For van der waals interactions what does it mean by the effect decreases to the seventh power of the separation?]]> 2021-01-12 11:52:49 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1078100733 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1078101736 Is sales a good measure of top selling drugs as a drug could be more expensive but sold in lower quantities or vice versa?

]]> 2021-01-12 11:53:13 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1078101736 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1078102997 Why is the bitterness of a drug due to water solubility?

]]> 2021-01-12 11:53:41 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1078102997 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1079625028 What format will the CA tests take? Will they just be short answer problem questions or will they contain longer answer questions like in the summer past exam papers?]]> 2021-01-12 17:21:20 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1079625028 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1079628404 Is the textbook reading aiming to consolidate our knowledge from lectures or is there extra material in the chapters suggested that you don't cover in the lectures that will be assessed in the CA tests and exam?]]> 2021-01-12 17:22:16 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1079628404 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1080480470 I was unable to find the case studies you mentioned in the lecture in the textbook, do you know what pages they are on? Thanks!]]> 2021-01-12 19:58:25 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1080480470 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1082537610 On the last bullet point of slide 7 (hydrogen bonds) what does e.n. atom stand for? ]]> 2021-01-13 11:27:07 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1082537610 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1082630518 Hi will the live sessions be recorded? As I have a BSc project meeting at the same time as the one tomorrow and won't be able to attend. ]]> 2021-01-13 12:04:34 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1082630518 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1082638124 are there specific reactions we need to know or do we just have to be familiar with the types that happen and in how much detail ?]]> 2021-01-13 12:07:52 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1082638124 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1082681223 Hi the e textbook do we have to pay for it or is there a way to get free? As I can only find the paid version at the moment when I follow the link ]]> 2021-01-13 12:26:04 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1082681223 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1086488856 Hi, can P450s, UPD-glucuronosyltransferases and sulfotransferases work on tertiary amines, or do they all require there to be an H directly bonded to the N?
If this is the case, can these enzymes convert both the H's on a primary amine?
Thank you.]]> 2021-01-14 10:05:49 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1086488856 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1086528412 I'm assuming phase I and phase II reactions can happen in isolation (i.e a molecule may undergo just phase II reactions without phase I reactions and vice versa), am I correct?
Thank you]]> 2021-01-14 10:19:03 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1086528412 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1086547062 If P40s can oxidise both ortho and para positions, are there cases where it is preferable to only oxidise the para, or even just ortho, (such as steric hinderance), or are both positions always oxidised.
Thank you]]> 2021-01-14 10:25:15 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1086547062 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1086728495 Did 1st pass metabolism mean that the drug is absorbed straight into the bloodstream?

]]> 2021-01-14 11:34:36 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1086728495 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1086734599 If it failed as anti-cancer drug in phase II due to side effects. Why is is in phase II again for Alzheimer’s, won't it still cause the same side effects?]]> 2021-01-14 11:37:07 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1086734599 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1087703644 Is there much difference between different editions of the textbook? I find it difficult to read online textbooks so would like to buy a copy but the older versions are significantly cheaper

]]> 2021-01-14 15:42:43 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1087703644 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1088773681 A methyl group is added to make the two rings co-planar. Would turning that junction into a third ring to connect them have the same effect? (Co-planar-wise, of course it would alter the electronegativity of the area, I was just wondering why a methyl group was used to stabilise it in this way). Thank you!]]> 2021-01-14 18:57:43 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1088773681 amhill4_2 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1090436787 I have had several emails from students about the problems I set yesterday so I thought it would be a good idea to remind people what these sessions are for and how I have chosen the material. We have not had an opportunity to have a 'tutorial' type session before and so I have chosen the parts of the MedChem course that students have found the most challenging over the years. As explained yesterday, we are used to students on the course coming from different backgrounds. You need to use the lecture material AND the relevant parts of the book. There is a LOT of detailed information in the text book (pp 168-176) on the reactions of metabolism and the products formed. For a 15 credit module it is expected that you study 10 hours per week (this includes the lecture material). If you look at the past exam papers, the MedChem part of the course is in Section B and you can see that Q3 has some essay style questions in it and Q4 is all problem solving. The MedChem CA test is designed to give you practice on the calculations and problem solving parts of the course before you do the exam. I have been teaching on this course for 15 years now and the students and myself always enjoy it tremendously. I hope you do as well. Alison Hill]]> 2021-01-15 09:19:41 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1090436787 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1095376372 As the goal is to increase polarity/water solubility to enhance excretion, why are there phase 2 reactions (e.g. methylation/acetylation) which decreases polarity and how common are these? ]]> 2021-01-17 12:49:56 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1095376372 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1098041380 Through out the past few lectures in some examples you've presented a compound while saying we should already be familiar with it. However coming from MedSci we may have had less exposure to some of the mentioned drugs and their structure. Will there be any situation in which we will be expected to identify drugs purely from their structure under the expectation that we should already be aware as to their structure?]]> 2021-01-18 13:48:46 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1098041380 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1100567927 You mention that bulky aryl groups will have the same effect as hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane in decreasing hydrophobic interactions. How does this work? ]]> 2021-01-19 10:31:03 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1100567927 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1100625029 Reduction of a carbonyl to an alcohol usually results in a racemic mixture formed. If the alcohol formed had opposite stereochemistry as the one shown on this slide, would it not still be able to hydrogen bond with the binding site? Therefore resulting in no reduction in biological activity when potentially there is? ]]> 2021-01-19 10:49:26 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1100625029 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1101118526 Why and how is biological activity expressed as 1/C? ]]> 2021-01-19 13:31:15 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1101118526 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1101146556 I am a bit confused by what you mean by the activity of anaesthetics is solely related to the log P value because there are no specific drug-receptor interactions, however some do bind receptors to work? ]]> 2021-01-19 13:37:44 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1101146556 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1101474032 What values above specified for rule of 5 are usually acceptable to pass? ]]> 2021-01-19 14:42:46 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1101474032 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1107699544 In one of the problem questions it asks us to assess the different drugs capacity according to Lipinski and Veber's rules - are we expected to be know how to calculate the polar surface area of the molecule?]]> 2021-01-20 20:49:47 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1107699544 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1110229013 What is a pharmacophore triangle?]]> 2021-01-21 14:26:54 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1110229013 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1110588021 Are we able to see answers for the problems we didn't go through in the live session?

]]> 2021-01-21 15:57:16 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1110588021 amhill4_2 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1114848923 For molecule B, as one way to identify the pharmacophore could I substitute the hydroxyl group for a methyl group instead of turning it into an ether?]]> 2021-01-22 16:45:40 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1114848923 amhill4_2 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1114865674 In molecule B, for the amine group could I have added LiAlH4 to make it R-CH2-NHR thus breaking the ketone? 

]]> 2021-01-22 16:49:12 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1114865674 amhill4_2 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1114884687 As a guide for such questions in the future, are esters a good functional group in terms of metabolism, pharmacophore identification and drug improvement? ]]> 2021-01-22 16:53:04 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1114884687 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1119483308 In the tutorial I think we capped the alcohol w/ a Me in Q2 to remove the HBD to identify the pharmacore. But why did we do this again in Q3?]]> 2021-01-24 19:36:40 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1119483308 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1120947599 Is KB the same as KX in the Hammett substituent constant equation? ]]> 2021-01-25 09:11:06 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1120947599 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1121469301 I am a bit confused as how you still move down the Topliss scheme even though only the 3-Br (out of 3-CF3 and 3-I) was found to be more reactive? Or does it not matter as long as one of the 3 analogues are more reactive to continue moving down the tree?]]> 2021-01-25 11:52:54 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1121469301 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1126102711 For Q 1.D E and F, I cannot see CN in the table?]]> 2021-01-26 11:02:27 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1126102711 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1126944649 How many questions will there be on the CA test in Feb?]]> 2021-01-26 14:42:00 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1126944649 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1127934635 I was just wondering if you have access to the textbook answers online, as it says that these are restricted to the lecturers?]]> 2021-01-26 17:23:35 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1127934635 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1130459259 When we calculate the log P of substituted compounds from log P of parent compound and the hydrophobic parameters of the substituents, why do we not take into account where the substituents are on the parent molecules? Why does this not matter?]]> 2021-01-27 08:31:26 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1130459259 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1130477011 Why is K so much bigger for substituents in ortho position?]]> 2021-01-27 08:36:40 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1130477011 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1131147135 Why is it that the MR values for CF3 and CH3 are so similar? ]]> 2021-01-27 11:58:23 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1131147135 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1131187129 In Q 3 (a) (A) I don't understand why NO2 is the best substituent rather than CF3?]]> 2021-01-27 12:12:34 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1131187129 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1131739635 What is logA in the Hansch equation?]]> 2021-01-27 14:25:51 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1131739635 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1132297945 2021-01-27 16:00:26 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1132297945 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1135639744 how do you know which sigma values to use with regards to their meta and para values?]]> 2021-01-28 10:27:16 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1135639744 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1135706656 Hi on your quadratic help sheet it just says 'differentiate this equation' but in respect to which variable? Also I don't think the answer was correct as if all variables are being differentiated then the constants before sigma, logp and pi should all be added to give the +c. ]]> 2021-01-28 10:48:31 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1135706656 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1136893035 Will people who get extra time in exams get extra time on the CA test?]]> 2021-01-28 15:33:10 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1136893035 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1141214467 How does the test differentiate between whether you've had COVID or whether you've just had the vaccine but not actually been infected with COVID?]]> 2021-01-29 15:57:57 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1141214467 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1142068339 For the last part of question 1 how many candidates do we have to suggest? Should it be one from each quadrant? ]]> 2021-01-29 18:56:39 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1142068339 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1145427167 what do you mean by donating/withdrawing by resonance?

]]> 2021-01-31 13:30:19 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1145427167 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1147636179 Is there anyway to replace the amine group after reaction or is this resin a single use type?]]> 2021-02-01 08:56:53 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1147636179 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1147734750 Is sequential release a step that follows recursive deconvolution or are they 2 different methods? ]]> 2021-02-01 09:21:44 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1147734750 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1147965982 If you're reacting with a family of acid chlorides, how will tagging with one amino acid tell you which acid chloride you have on each compound? How do you differentiate between the different compounds with different acid chlorides attached by using one amino acid tag?]]> 2021-02-01 10:25:38 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1147965982 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1147974427 Please could you re-explain tagging, I don't really understand how it works]]> 2021-02-01 10:28:07 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1147974427 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1148010865 Why is the amine in the largest amount the best solution? Surely one of the amines in a smaller amount may be a more active drug?]]> 2021-02-01 10:38:46 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1148010865 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1148089311 What is click chemistry?]]> 2021-02-01 11:02:06 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1148089311 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1148461241 What value is considered to have biological activity?]]> 2021-02-01 13:01:01 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1148461241 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1149106641 When you say the AZT trial to treat HIV/AIDS was halted after 16 weeks, was this because it was so good that they wanted to get it approved immediately rather than completing the trial? ]]> 2021-02-01 15:07:47 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1149106641 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1149127063 Is HIV/AIDS an epidemic or pandemic? In the lecture you refer to it as both]]> 2021-02-01 15:11:02 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1149127063 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1149264504 At the end you mentioned this would not be in the CA test, only in the summer exam. Which lectures are assessed by the CA test? Is it L1-6, or 8?]]> 2021-02-01 15:33:57 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1149264504 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1149656198 2021-02-01 16:38:01 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1149656198 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1149664572 2021-02-01 16:39:22 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1149664572 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1150565582 As there are 2 amino groups present, how do you ensure that amino acids react with the peptide tag/code and building blocks react with the target structure?]]> 2021-02-01 19:21:40 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1150565582 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1150900489 What does 9-dimensional measure mean?]]> 2021-02-01 20:40:01 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1150900489 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1152983243 Do we need to have the document with QSAR data for all the different substituents up during the exam, or will the relevant ones be provided on the exam PDF? Thanks]]> 2021-02-02 10:54:35 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1152983243 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1157902463 This isn't a question specifically about Prof Shaw's antibody test but more generally about COVID tests, so I wonder if you or Prof Shaw would know the answer. I've heard of people getting a test and being told that their positive result is due to 'leftover' viral load from when they originally had COVID a few months ago and that it isn't classified as a positive test so they don't have to self-isolate etc. However if there is still viral load in their systems from initial infection several months ago then surely they are still infectious and could pass the virus on to other people?]]> 2021-02-03 10:10:44 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1157902463 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1157912994 How did government officials come up with the 10 or 14 day self-isolation period if you have a positive test. How can they know that someone will no longer be infectious after that length of time?]]> 2021-02-03 10:13:52 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1157912994 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1160099098 Are you able to provide any further practice questions with answers for metabolism, pharmacophores and improvement of bioactivity related questions? ]]> 2021-02-03 17:46:36 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1160099098 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1160114983 Will all the questions be problem based related to identifying modifications on structures and sites of metabolism, and also maths, or will some of the questions require short written answers in the style of the end of chapter questions in the textbook?]]> 2021-02-03 17:49:21 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1160114983 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1162613903 Will the antibody test still work in its current form with the new COVID mutations? If so, how much and in what way will the virus need to mutate for the test to no longer work?]]> 2021-02-04 08:46:20 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1162613903 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1162651334 Why is a CRP sandwich assay used as part of the test?]]> 2021-02-04 08:56:48 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1162651334 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1162658145 What specifically is the difference between the antibodies used in the Rapid Test which recognise all human IgG, IgM and IgA and the antibodies used in the Antibody Class Differential Test which are specific to IgG, IgA and IgM?]]> 2021-02-04 08:58:37 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1162658145 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1162666054 How can light intensity change be used to measure the antibody present?]]> 2021-02-04 09:00:50 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1162666054 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1162672831 How soon after infection do antibodies begin to appear? If someone got this antibody test a day after being infected could the test give a false negative result? Also how specific is the test - is it able to distinguish between different types of coronaviruses ie SARS and MERS? or may these produce false positives?]]> 2021-02-04 09:02:48 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1162672831 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1162683119 What is a two gate diagnostic accuracy study?]]> 2021-02-04 09:05:43 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1162683119 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1162696411 In the discussion of the paper it states that the highest antibody titre was against N, why does this antigen produce higher antibody titres that the other antigens present on the virus ie S1, S2 or E?]]> 2021-02-04 09:09:17 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1162696411 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1164017794 IS the test actually being used widespread for patients now? ]]> 2021-02-04 14:45:50 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1164017794 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1164105893 If a patient had got no antibodies (ie you said the patients at St Thomas's had no antibodies after 10 days), how will the test work?]]> 2021-02-04 14:59:47 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1164105893 emd221 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1164263439 Thoughts on the goverment delaying the second dose of the vaccine against WHO guidelines? ]]> 2021-02-04 15:25:05 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1164263439 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1171687578 When it says something like 'identify two or three likely products of metabolism', will you lose marks if you only put 2 products rather than 3 or will you get more marks if you put 3 products?]]> 2021-02-06 16:48:59 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1171687578 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1175642303 Is there a separate padlet for Dr Singleton? I can't find it anywhere]]> 2021-02-08 08:18:01 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1175642303 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1176875534 Will it be the usual download from exams ELE and upload to eBART?]]> 2021-02-08 13:51:39 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1176875534 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1176893404 Can you please go over the answers to question 2 of Week1's sheet, and question 4 of Week 2's sheet? Thank you. ]]> 2021-02-08 13:54:59 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1176893404 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1176906377 When I look up lisinopril (random drug to practice) on DrugBank, it says 12 rotatable bonds but I only identified 10 - can you please explain this in the session. I've also found that it differs between websites, e.g. guidetopharmacology.com says 13?]]> 2021-02-08 13:57:24 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1176906377 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1176971209 This drug has 0 rotatable bonds, so does that mean that the C-N bond where the carbon has a double-bond to another nitrogen in this molecule doesn't count, and wouldn't in other molecules either?]]> 2021-02-08 14:08:36 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1176971209 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1181325196 When it says something like 'identify two or three likely products of metabolism', will you lose marks if you only put 2 products rather than 3 or will you get more marks if you put 3 products?]]> 2021-02-09 10:16:33 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1181325196 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1186446900 metformin | Ligand page | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY In this example, it says that there are only 3 HBDs, however I counted 5 as I thought that for each NH2, you counted that as 2 HBDs as there are 2 NHs? *Edit. In fact, looking at multiple drugs, it seems that NH2 is always only counted as 1 HBD so have I just written this down wrong in my notes?]]> 2021-02-10 09:35:24 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1186446900 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1186659929 How would you answer part iii of this question to get full marks?]]> 2021-02-10 10:35:26 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1186659929 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1186727444 Does the sulfate group conjugated to an OH have one or two negatively charged Oxygen atoms in a phase II reaction? As in the week 1 solution sheet the sulfate has 2 negatively charged Os but in the slides it's marked as SO3-]]> 2021-02-10 10:56:22 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1186727444 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1186730885 In the first part of the question you ask us to define the RO5, which does not include rotatable bonds (that is part of Veber's rules in the lecture notes). So in the next part of the question when you ask us whether certain molecules are suitable drug candidates, do we exclude rotatable bonds or include that in our working out? ]]> 2021-02-10 10:57:25 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1186730885 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1186743732 In q2 of the week 2 formative question sheet, for the amine group you suggest replacing it with an isostere or removing the ethyl groups. What does removing the ethyl groups do? Surely N would still be able to take part in hydrogen bonding if you're just removing the ethyl groups and converting R-N-Et2 to R-NH2? Could you instead convert the amine to an amide as in the lecture notes and the textbook?]]> 2021-02-10 11:01:32 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1186743732 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1187383853 Question 1 - we didn't go over the answer to this in the week 2 live session and I was wondering whether there's anything you can do to the imine group to test whether that is the pharmacophore, other than replacing the N with an isostere? ]]> 2021-02-10 13:59:11 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1187383853 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1187414760 Is it possible to do one more example of identifying sites of metabolism and drawing the resulting structures?]]> 2021-02-10 14:05:09 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1187414760 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1188395865 How would you answer part iv of this question?]]> 2021-02-10 16:46:13 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1188395865 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1188474327 In q3 that you went through in the live session, why did you oxidise the alcohol to a ketone (what strategy in textbook does this come under i.e. simplification of structure, rigidification of structure, chain extension etc?) and also why did you remove the carbonyl from the amide group to make an amine?]]> 2021-02-10 16:58:30 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1188474327 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1188505641 What's the difference between an isostere and a bioisostere?]]> 2021-02-10 17:03:41 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1188505641 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1188651074 When calculating MW for a molecule such as this one, do we include the HCl counterion in the MW calculation too?]]> 2021-02-10 17:27:40 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1188651074 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1190018699 In questions where you want us to identify 4 possible sites of metabolism and for each site describe the reactions involved and identify the likely metabolites, do we have to give more than one reaction of each site of metabolism? Or is it like we did in synchronous session where you identify one site and give on example per site of a reaction that can occur there?

]]> 2021-02-10 22:37:33 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1190018699 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1190030346 In the book it says that when you P450 a methyl group, it gives CH2OH, and then subsequent reactions result in COOH. Are these reactions caused by P450 or are the subsequent reactions caused by alcohol DH and Aldehyde DH and do we need to say this? Also imagine a structure has 2 alcohols, can we identify both as different sites of metabolism?]]> 2021-02-10 22:42:48 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1190030346 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1190146927 What is a bioisostere for an ester in a ring such as this one? ]]> 2021-02-10 23:43:33 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1190146927 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1191650652 Are the questions for the CA test in the same style as the problem based questions from the formative problem sheets and the past exam papers? Will outside reading be required for the CA test?

]]> 2021-02-11 11:01:31 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1191650652 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1192027158 Is the C-O single bond between the C=O and O in an ester a rotatable bond or does this also have a high energy barrier like the C-N bond in amides?]]> 2021-02-11 13:06:54 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1192027158 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1192867706 what would you call a molecule with the structure R-O-CH3?]]> 2021-02-11 15:42:24 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1192867706 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1193093030 I am still confused as I thought C-N bonds did not count but we were counting them today?

]]> 2021-02-11 16:19:23 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1193093030 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1194763699 Could you please provide a model answer for this as we didn't go through it in the session?]]> 2021-02-11 21:51:56 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1194763699 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1194970442 Thank you for the clarification on isosteres  today! A question that came up for me was therefore: so can I make a note to myself when using isosteres to optimize the lead we use ones that retain most of that groups activity, slightly tweaking it (e.g. replacing a Cl with NO2, F and other EWGs to tweak activity) and when searching for the pharmacophore we are aiming to abolish activity of that group (e.g. replacing Cl with CH3/remove it completely to test for binding activity)?

]]> 2021-02-11 23:32:37 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1194970442 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1195705353 I was unable to attend the live session yesterday due to a medical appointment however I'm rewatching now, so sorry I couldn't ask this yesterday - when you say put your candidate number on each page do you mean our normal student number (9 digit one starting with a 6) or our exam candidate number (6 digit one)?]]> 2021-02-12 09:26:25 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1195705353 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1195763377 Good Morning, 
Could you please confirm the number of rotatable bonds in chloramphenicol? Drugbank is stating 6, however, I can only count 3. Unless the bond to NO2 and OH also count and/or the chloroalkyl or alkyl alcohol but these look like terminal bonds to me?]]> 2021-02-12 09:48:14 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1195763377 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1196183959 When a questions asks us to explain our reasoning for a compound's suitability following a Lipinski's analysis, do we have to comment on other things or just regarding whether it passes or fails Lipinski? ]]> 2021-02-12 12:39:21 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1196183959 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1196855319 Is C-OH a rotatable bond?]]> 2021-02-12 15:23:34 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1196855319 amhill4_2 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1197368377 Thank you for all your questions. Good luck for the test on Tuesday. Alison Hill]]> 2021-02-12 17:08:21 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1197368377 https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1486657283 2021-05-03 18:18:49 UTC https://padlet.com/amhill4_2/aiq8tqa6kudopmuw/wish/1486657283