pros: enable children to understand symbolic representation because they cannot interact physically with TV and videos.

Cons: screen time can lead to overstimulation and vision-fatigue, myopia

The babies younger than 2 years old may benefit from watching TV and videos but only to a low extent because of limited interaction TV and videos provide.

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• younger than 2 years old will not learn that well from TV & Videos as they look at things symbolically rather than as a means to communicate.

• YouTube Channel: Coco Melon

• Pros: more access to various symbols & languages , more engaging

• Cons: exposure to media from a young age , no sense of physically, no direct experience

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Program for babies: Barney, Tellytubbies,little einstein

Pros: Teaches several skills such as language, locating things, communicating back and forth, paying attention to detail, shape and color, numeracy

Cons: Unrealistic, attention span issues, damage to eyes, behavioral issues, issues with sleep, overstimulation

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Children under 2 years old can't learn that well from watching TV and videos.

Programs: Cartoons such as Tom and Jerry, Dora the explorer

Pro: Children will get exposed to various symbols and will eventually learn to associate the symbol.

Cons: Too much video consumption may not be good for the babies development.

We recommend interaction with parents or actual toys instead of TV programs.

Pros and cons of our recommendation.

Pros: children won’t get myopia, and become more intimate with the parents.

Cons: some parents may not available to play with the children.

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Examples:

• coco melon

• Bluey

• Mickey Mouse

Pros: entertain/engage baby, learn language through listening, learn morals, introduce the world through storytelling/settings.

Cons: visual fatigue, sleeping problems, reduce attention span, screen addiction (no emotion control, move less)

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6638083838 Variyada

Babies younger than 2 years old lack ability to connect representation in video or TV to reality for show that mainly focus on visual. Depending on the show whether are made kids in mind or not. For example, Dora the Explorer.

Pro : Prompt and encourage kids to interact with the media, development of symbols understanding

Con : Screen is bad for children' eyes, excessive screen times reduces social interaction, causing screen addiction and discourage children from physical interaction and activities —> lessen use of motor skills

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Babies will learn better from live action shows rather than cartoons because the settings and people are real existing people (concrete) while cartoons are more like an abstract ideal which requires dual representation.

Programs for babies: Animated programs (Coco Melon), Live programs (Sesame street or Elmo)

Pros: They will develop communication skills, creativity, bigger vocabulary

Cons: Bad for eyesight, less advanced development of symbolic understanding, less social interactions with children their age which can lead to lessened social skills

• Cartoons / Animation e.g. Dora the explorer, Little Einstein, etc.

  • Pros

    • Learn words and languages

    • Learn social interactions

    • Learn additional knowledge and facts. Such as Dora with facts about animals or Little Einstein with musical knowledge

  • Cons

    • 2D understanding from simplify visuals (cartoons and animations) from reality alone

    • No hands-on experience

    • Visual Fatigue

    • Overstimulation

• Live-action educational children's television series e.g. Barnie, Sesame Street, Teletubbies, etc.

  • Pros

    • Learn words, languages, and additional facts

    • Have more understanding with real-life demonstrations

    • Learn more social interaction by seeing casts on screen

  • Cons

    • 2D experience

    • No hands-on physical experience

    • Visual Fatigue

    • Overstimulation

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6638009438 Warren

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• Interactive cartoons / tv shows (Blues Clues, Dora the Explorer, Mickey Mouse)

• Pros: Can interact better, communication with language skills, exposure to a range of symbols

• Cons: eye damage, problems with attention

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Not very well if compared to learning from direct experiences

Programs for babies: Blue’s clues, Mickey Mouse clubhouse, Dora the Explorer

Pros:

• quite symbolic

• Reinforce language learning (listening and speaking skills, vocabulary)

• Drawing skills (symbolic learning)

Cons:

• too much screen time can lead to visual autism and ADHD

• no direct experience

We think that they may not learn from TV and videos really well since babies are likely to lack of experiences with objects in real world. However, if they are able to recognize the objects in real world and associate them with some symbols presented in the TV program. They may be able to learn TV and videos well.

Mickie Mouse clubhouse

Pros :

• the objects presented in this TV program are quite common in the environment that babies live in (e.g. living inside the house). Therefore, the babies are likely to understand the symbol in this program because they might have prior experiences with these objects before.

• Allows babies and parents to interact with each other as a chance for parents to teach babies about things in a particular environment and link them with real-world object

Cons :

• does not provide learning experiences about depth perception

• It can be too advanced for babies at age 2-3 years in some aspects, such as early mathematics skill.

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program for kids: CartoonNetwork

Pros: children are interacting with the media which is good in the long term

Cons: could be addictive, and can destroy their eyesights

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