Time connectives

-While

-First

-After

-then

-last year

-the first--> last day.

-At night

-After we ate

Events: The rest of the story outside the orientation and reorientation

Reorientation: Visit my hometown and holiday with a big family last year is very amusing for me. Although that was a boring day, I have do fun there! All the moments and experience on holiday last year was interesting. I would never forget it, I love them so much.

Time Connectors

While, First, After, Then, Last year, The 1st to last day, At night, After we ate

The first 3 paragraphs of the text

b. Events

Anything other than the orientation and reorientation

c. Reorientation

The last paragraph

identify orientation, events, reorientation.

• orientation= paragraph 1-3

• events = all the paragraph except orientation and reorientation

• reorientation = last paragraph

Underline any time connective.

The first day,

while

after

at night

then

last year

recount text 2

because it is more structured and have more flavored words with emotion.

• Time connectives

  while

  first, second, third, fourth, fifth day

  after

  
  

Last year’s holiday, me and my family went to our hometown in Ciamis. We went there on the 20th of December by car. I had a great time and I did fun activities.

2. Events

anything else other than orientation

3. reorientation

Visit my hometown and holiday with a big family last year is very amusing for me. Although that was a boring day, I have do fun there! All the moments and experience on holiday last year was interesting. I would never forget it, I love them so much.

4.Time connectives

-at night

-last year

-then

-after

-first

-while

-after we ate

Hello! This is me in 2020! A new me in the new year, Happy New Year All! I hope in this year we can do something better than yesterday.

Okay then, I’d like to tell you about my last year’s holiday vacation in 2019 with my big family! Hope you like it!

Last year’s holiday, me and my family went to our hometown in Ciamis. We went there on the 20th of December by car. I had a great time and I did fun activities.

-events

all paragraph beside 1-3 and the last

-reorientation

Visit my hometown and holiday with a big family last year is very amusing for me. Although that was a boring day, I have do fun there! All the moments and experience on holiday last year was interesting. I would never forget it, I love them so much.

TIME CONNECTIVITIES

-Last year’s holiday

-The first day

-At night

-after

MAJID ADELMO GUNNAR

ORIENTATION Hello! This is me in 2020! A new me in the new year, Happy New Year All! I hope in this year we can do something better than yesterday.

Okay then, I’d like to tell you about my last year’s holiday vacation in 2019 with my big family! Hope you like it!

Last year’s holiday, me and my family went to our hometown in Ciamis. We went there on the 20th of December by car. I had a great time and I did fun activities.

events:

from The first day, I helped my auntie to keep on watching of my niece and nephew, yeah, I’m being a babysitter for a while. to But in the evening, I had continued my embrace.

reorientation:

last paragraph

UNDERELINE THE CONNECTIVITY

WHILE

AFTER

LAST YEAR

AT NIGHT

LAST DAY

HOW DIALOGUE AKE THE STORY ENGAGING BY MAKING THE READERS TO THINK, THEREFORE IT TAKES THEM TO DIFFERENT LEVEL OF COURIOUSITY

Majid Adelmo Gunnar

Orientation

Hello! This is me in 2020! A new me in the new year, Happy New Year All! I hope in this year we can do something better than yesterday.

Okay then, I’d like to tell you about my last year’s holiday vacation in 2019 with my big family! Hope you like it!

Last year’s holiday, me and my family went to our hometown in Ciamis. We went there on the 20th of December by car. I had a great time and I did fun activities.

Events

Besides the orientation and reorientation parts (around 12 paragraph).

Reorientation

Visit my hometown and holiday with a big family last year is very amusing for me. Although that was a boring day, I have do fun there! All the moments and experience on holiday last year was interesting. I would never forget it, I love them so much.

Time connectivities?

• The first day

• At night

• The second day

• First

• After

• Last

• While, when

• Then

• The third day

• yesterday was a long day

• The fourth day

• On the fifth day,

• But in the evening

• Identify orientation, events, and reorientation in this text.

• Underline any time connectives.

1. Orientation: Last year’s holiday, me and my family went to our hometown in Ciamis. We went there on the 20th of December by car. I had a great time and I did fun activities.

2. Events: My family went to Pangandaran Beach. We visited someplace there and do some fun.

3. Reorientation: Visit my hometown and holiday with a big family last year is very amusing for me. Although that was a boring day, I have do fun there! All the moments and experience on holiday last year was interesting. I would never forget it, I love them so much.

* Time Connectives:

• While

• Then

• Last year

• At night

• After

• The first

• The last

• First

First

While

after

At night

Last year

The first, second, blblbla till the last day

then

After we ate

My holiday recount

The dialogue make the story more engaging because it show what the writer feels in that situation and visualized the situation directly

• The orientation is located on the 1-3 paragraphs

• The events is located on the rest of the paragraphs except for the last paragraph because it is for the re orientation

Underline any time connective:

• Last Holiday

• The First day

• At night

• The Second Day

• First

• Then

• The Third day

• The fourth day

• The fifth day

Recount Text 2

How does the dialogue make the story more engaging:

The dialogue in the story makes the story more colorful. The dialogue makes the story more imaginable and helps the reader to pictured the events in the story. The dialogue also makes the story become more clearer and preventing any ambiguity, therefore the reader could get the message that the writer wrote

• Identify orientation events , events and reorientation in this text.

  Orientation = From paragraph 1 to 3

  Events = From paragraph 4 to 13th pargaraph.

  Reorientation = The final paragraph or 14th paragraph

• Underline any time connectives

  1. Last year’s holiday me and my family went...

  2. The first day, I helped my auntie to keep...

  3. At night, we made suki-Yuki with...

  4. Along the way, we slept and woke...

  etc.

  
  

  Text 2

• How does dialogue make the story more engaging?

  Dialogues provide more perspectives from other characters. Readers sometimes want to know what is character thinking about. Thus by providing dialogues, can be assume that it is the way how writer tries to satisfy and amuse the readers.

  
  

  
  

  
  

Clear Structure, Not Showing Much Emotions, Formal Style, Audience = Herself

Ange Rogers' Blog

Clear Structure, Showing So Much Emotions, Casual Style, Audience = Everyone, especially Traveling Lovers

• Time connectives

  one rainy day

  one the day

  as soon as

  while

  finally

boring

ange roger = is well structured with good orientation, event and reorientation and have well flavoury words inside

emotion: karina = words do not have that good emotion and the structure is bad

ange roger = have good structure and word-picking and it makes us feel the emotion inside

style : karina = recount text style

ange roger = formal style, casual

audience = karina = herself

ange roger= everyone

NEXT QUESTION

karina text is for herself and ange text is for everyone to read

karina is more personal ange is authentic

it makes the text feel more alive and more detailed

Last year on holiday, my aunt came to my house and played with me for a while. My aunt drew a princess on the paper and I colored it. She asked me to speak english with her, it was just simply counting numbers, and simple conversation. At night, my family made suki-Yuki and we ate it. On the next day, we went to pangadaran, we went to the beach. I built a sand castle and played with my aunt. Tomorrow, I feel sick and my family will take care of me. Three days later, my aunt went back to her house, and it was fun having a holiday with my big family.

Emotionally, Karina's blog includes less emotional words, while Ange Roger's blog has abundant emotional words which makes it more engaging.

In terms of style, Karina's blog is more formal and stuffy, while Roger's blog uses a more laid back and relaxed style.

The target audience of these blogs differ. Karina's blog states explicitly that she made this for educational purposes, as opposed to Roger's blog which purpose is to tell a story about her experience through writing.

Structure : clear

Emotions : Not so much showing emotions

Style : more formal

Audience : Herself

Ange Roger's blog :

Structure : clear

Emotions : Showing the emotions directly

Style : casual

Audience : Everyone

Karina blog

structure:well structured, more formal than Ange rogers blog

emotions: Karina blogs is more likely referred as a "flat and plain" blogs, nothing extraordinary for me

style: formal

audience: nerds, elderly

Ange rogers

structure: clear structure

emotions: the emotions was illustrated using specific word that describe the emotions,

style: casual

audience: sigma, adolescent

Emotions: Karina's blog not showing much emotions but Anne's blog showing much emotions, I think some of the sentences more hyperbolic.

Style: Karina's = formal style, Anne's = casual style

Audience: Karina's = herself, Anne's = everyone, she gives some informations not only about her activity but also general information about the place, etc.

-------

1. The audience of the text 1 is herself but the text 2 is everyone.

2. That makes the writer voice's in text 1 is more personal and text 2 is more authentic and unique because not many people can write so emotional like her in text 2.

3. More detail the writer write the story, the story contains more information. However, too long text can make the reader get bored. The function of including the emotional sentence can make the story more relate to the reader and they can really feel what exactly the writer's feelings.

-------

From Karina's niece POV:

Finally after a long time my cousins came from Ciamis. I really excited to play with her. She has a good personality and friendly with me. I hope that she would never get annoyed because of my behaviours.

structured well, but there is no emotional feeling when audience read the blog, feels boring, the audience is everyone.

Ange's blog

structured well, feels so emotional, the audience is everyone

Both of the blogs are intended to everyone who wants to read her blog. In my opinion, Ange's blog feels more authentic and personal because the way she express her story is so expressive and emotionally. I think the use of detail and emotion do affect the way of audience to connect with the text. The more detail the text is, the audience can imagine the story practically as well.

Short paragraph about Karina's niece point of view

When the new year's holiday came, my auntie visited my house in Ciamis. She turned into my babysitter for few days.

Emotions : Karina's feels personal and formal. Ange Ronger's expresses excitement and wonder, especially around the gallery visit.

Style : Karina's text use casual style, and Ange Ronger's use expressive style

Audience : Both of those text audience is their blog visitors

• 3 Questions

  1. Karina's text is Likely written as a school assignment or for a personal blog because the language is casual and simple, like how a student would talk to friends or a teacher.

  Ange's text is everyone that visits her blog

  2. Karina's text feels more personal and Ange's text feel more authentic

  3. Details are important because they show emotions clearly. Instead of just saying how you feel, details help the reader imagine and feel it too. They make the story more real and interesting.

• Perspective Shifts

  (Karina's aunty perspective)

  During the holiday, I was so happy to have Karina and the whole family visit Ciamis. It had been a while since we were all together like that. One morning, Karina spent time drawing pictures for my little daughter. She even helped her color and count in English. Watching them bond made my heart feel warm. We also went to Pangandaran Beach, and seeing the kids laugh and run around brought back memories of our own childhoods. It was a simple trip, but it meant so much to all of us.

angle's blog is structre well, and audience can read very comfortable

Karina's= for educational purposes, teachers rather than public

Roger's= she wrote this text to embed her experience in the internet for memory

• Which is more personal?

Roger's blog includes a lot of emotional words and direct speech which makes it more engaging emotionally.

• How does the use of detaill affect the way we connect with the text?

more details and emotion makes us understand and interpret the experience better.

karina's blog : more structured

ange's blog : also well structured

emotions

karina's blog : nearly no emotions language

ange's blog : she expresses her emotions very clearly

style

feels formal

more personal and story telling like

audience

both for other people (reader)

Personally, I think the more personal text is from the second text (ange's text), because the way she expresses her feelings in a certain condition in her story is really unique

The more detailed a paragraph, the more it felt personal and engaging for the readers

On my last holiday, I went on a holiday trip with my family and I travelled to the Sunshine Coast in Queensland. For most of the trip, I really enjoyed it. On the last few days of the trip, we went to Mathema gallery. There, we all went on our own separate ways to explore the place. I was so mesmerized by the galton board and my sister even wrote her name using braille. I saw my older brother both playing with some type of number involving games (i don’t understand what they were doing) and I let them do whatever they wanted to do. I continued exploring the area and after we all felt enough with our journey, we all finished our trip.

2. in my opinion, the Ange blogs feels more personal and authentic. we can see from the way she expressed her experience is already unique and authentic

3. detailed emotion affect the way we connect with the text because it linked us or connect us with the story, it gives us a detailed illustration how the story look like

The writer’s voice in the Ciamis holiday text is personal but quite simple and straightforward, whereas the voice in the Mathema Gallery text feels more personal and authentic because the writer expresses excitement, humor, and genuine passion for the experience.

The use of detail and emotion in the first text is limited, so readers can understand the story but do not feel deeply connected to it. In contrast, the second text is full of rich details and strong emotions, which makes readers feel more engaged and connected, almost as if they are sharing the experience with the writer.

The structure is more structured but doesn't bring emotions within the story. The writer tells the story with a concise and brief explanation. Showing an intention to attract the readers who doesn't care enough about the deepness of emotion in the story.

Ange Roger

Structure = messy

Emotions = Gives strong emotion such as excitement, surprise, and admiration

Style = Try to influence the readers by giving a lot of personal statement

Audience = Everyone, especially with a high spirit people to share experiences each other

Karina's blog: The structure pretty clear and easy to identify

Ange Rogers's blog: In my opinion, the structure is not that clear rather than Karina's blog and need effort to identify

Emotions:

Karina's blog: There are only few emotion pictured in this blog

Roger's blog: LOT of emotional dialogue pictured in this blog. The dialogue that the writer wrote really picturing the emotions state that the writer experienced

Style:

Karina's blog: In my opinion, the style is formal due to lack of emotional dialogue

Roger's blog: The style is casual because the emotional dialogue that the writer wrote makes the blog become casual

Audience

Karina's blog: In my opinion, the writer targeted for adult age due to formal writing

Roger's blog: For this blog, I think that the writer targeted for teenagers because the dialogue not that formal and more into casual so teenagers could understand it.

Who is the intended audience of each text?

For Karina's blog, the text is more into formal and targeting the adults due to formal writing. However, for Roger's blog, the writer intended for the young age because the style is more casual and not that formal

Which writer's voice feels more personal and authentic?

Of course the Roger's blog because the emotional dialogue she inserted makes the story more personal and authentic

How does the use of detail and emotion affect the way we connect with the text?

To make the text clear and prevent ambiguous in the text. Emotion and detail makes the story more colorful and easy to be picture.

the experience we had in Mathema is very exiting. as we arrived in Mathema gallery we were impressed by the view. moreover, we explored and investigate a lot of new things about puzzles!

Structure: More formal and easier to follow, usually a lot of build up before an event happens, more complete paragraphs.

Emotions: Karina's blog seems rather bland, and has difficulties engaging the audience fully, thought the text itself is expressive enough to know what the author was feeling at the time.

Style: It lacked expressiveness for its style and followed a more consistent and reserved style.

Audience: It targeted people who wanted to read I guess? But for the most part, it could be just for her peers and friends since she started the blog because of an assignment her teacher gave her.

- Ange Rogers' Blog:

Structure: Ange's blog was more following of the general structure I guess, but the way she constructed her individual paragraphs were less formal and aimed to be more fun. She also oftentimes just wrote lone sentences, like 1 line for 1 sentence.

Emotions: Ange's blog was very filled with emotional language (damage) and expressiveness! she used more galvanizing vocabulary to engage her readers even more!

Style: Her style was very...... explosive..?? I'm not sure how to describe it but it was very packed with whimsy and joy, like something a genuine person would write or what they would say to a friend when describing her holiday.

Audience: Her audience is probably mostly aimed at teachers, especially those in training since she teaches primary school teachers how to teach in numeracy. Though also maybe to people who just want to read.

1. Karina: Narrowing to educational purpose (teacher) instead of public

2. Roger: More opened to public, more narrow to share the experience and story telling

Emotions:

Roger's definitely the more personal since the blog includes so much emotional language from the direct speech that indirectly engages the readers

Details Affect the Way of Our Connection with the Text:

More details & emotions can help us imagine the situations during the storyline in order to understand the story better.

• Identify orientation, events, and reorientation in this text.

• Underline any time connectives.

1. Orientation: On the holidays my family and I travelled to the Sunshine Coast in Queensland. It is a truly stunning part of Australia. I highly recommend visiting if you haven't already!

We are a very ‘outdoorsy’ family, so every day we were either at the beach catching waves, or on extended scenic walks. (Paragraph idk she had a weird writing style, 1-2 maybe)

2. Events: One rainy day we decided to drive down to Bribie Island. We had lunch at the Surf Club, and as we were leaving I noticed a free tourism magazine for the region. I picked up the magazine and was reading it in the car as we returned to our holiday rental. (Paragraph idk she had a weird writing style, 2-idk)

3. Reorientation: Overall, we had such a wonderful time at Mathema, and I am so glad I decided to pick up that tourism magazine!

On behalf of everyone in the Maths Education community in Australia, I would like to congratulate and thank Cal and Rosemary for creating the Mathema Gallery! (Paragraph idk she had a weird writing style)

* Time Connectives:

- Finally

- As soon as

- While

- On the day

- One rainy day

Another strong reason for prioritising STEM scholarships is the growing demand for skilled professionals in these fields. Many countries face shortages of engineers, scientists, and technology specialists, which can slow economic growth and limit technological advancement. Financial barriers often prevent capable students from pursuing STEM degrees, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Government-funded scholarships can help ensure equal access to education while also addressing urgent workforce needs. In this sense, prioritising STEM scholarships is a strategic policy choice that aligns education with labour market demands.

However, critics argue that humanities and social sciences should receive equal scholarship funding because they are essential for developing critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and strong communication skills. These disciplines help students understand social issues, cultural diversity, and moral responsibility, which are equally important in shaping balanced and informed citizens. Without adequate support, humanities and social sciences may be undervalued, potentially weakening democratic participation and social cohesion. From this perspective, prioritising STEM alone may create an unbalanced education system.

Despite these concerns, prioritising STEM scholarships does not mean denying the value of other disciplines. Instead, it reflects the reality of limited public funding and the urgent need for technical expertise in key sectors. A strong STEM workforce can drive innovation that benefits society as a whole, while graduates from all disciplines can still contribute in meaningful ways. Therefore, while a balanced education system is important, prioritising scholarships for STEM students can be justified as a practical and forward-looking policy aimed at supporting national development.

- Is the argument ethical, economic, or social in nature?

- Is any perspective missing?

• the values that the writer prioritized were the lack of funding and the need of countries in advancing their STEM capabilities.

is the argument economic, ethical or social?

• throughout this passage, it was concluded that the argument clearly is focused on economic conditions of countries. The text directly conveys that STEM is of high demand for national development, such as innovation, productivity, and most importantly, long-term economic stability

Is there any perspective missing?

• I think that he misses the perspective of wealthy people that obviously are able to support the government in giving out scholarships

Supporting reasons :

1. STEM fields are essential for national development and long-term economic stability.

2. There is a strategic need to align education with labor market demands to fill critical shortages in technical professions.

Evidence :

1. It cites specific sectors healthcare, engineering, renewable energy, and information technology as areas where STEM graduates directly impact productivity.

2. It points to the "growing demand" and current "shortages" of specialists which act as a bottleneck for technological advancement.

3. It argues that scholarships remove financial barriers for capable students from disadvantaged backgrounds, ensuring talent isn't wasted due to lack of funds.

Counterargument :

1. Critics argue that the humanities and social sciences are vital for critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and communication.

2. It mentions that neglecting these fields could weaken democratic participation and social cohesion, leading to an "unbalanced education system."

Rebuttal :

1. The rebuttal argues that prioritization is a result of limited public funding, not a dismissal of other subjects.

2. It asserts that a strong STEM workforce creates innovation that benefits society as a whole, implying that the progress driven by STEM provides the economic foundation that allows all disciplines to exist and thrive.

counterargument: HUMANOTIES AND SOCIAL are important for creating critical thinking, ethical reasoning, moral responsibility

Governments should prioritise scholarships for students in STEM fields because STEM disciplines are crucial for economic growth, technological progress, and long-term national development.

Supporting Reasons

1. STEM Drives Economic Growth & Competitiveness

   Countries depend on scientific research and technological innovation to remain competitive in a globalised world.

2. STEM Graduates Contribute to Essential Industries
   Fields such as healthcare, engineering, renewable energy, and information technology are vital to national development.

3. There's a Growing Shortage of STEM Professionals
   Many countries lack enough engineers, scientists, and technology specialists, which can hinder economic and technological advancement.

4. Scholarships Increase Access & Meet Workforce Needs
   Financial barriers prevent capable students, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds towards pursuing STEM degrees.

Evidence (Examples, Logic, Research-Based Reasoning)

• Logical Reasoning:

  • Innovation-ed economies rely heavily on STEM expertise to improve productivity and sustain growth.

  • Workforce shortages logically justify targeted investment in education that supplies needed skills.

• Examples:

  • STEM graduates working in healthcare, engineering, renewable energy, & IT sectors.

  • Labour Market Demand for engineers & technology specialists.

• Policy Logic:

  • Scholarships help align education systems with labour market needs while promoting equal access.

Counter-Argument

Critics argue that humanities and social sciences deserve equal scholarship funding, because they:

• Develop critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and communication skills

• Promote understanding of social issues, cultural diversity, and democracy

• Contribute to social cohesion and informed citizenship

Prioritising STEM alone may undervalue these disciplines and create an unbalanced education system.

Rebuttal

While humanities and social sciences are valuable, limited public funding requires prioritisation.

• Prioritising STEM does not deny the importance of other fields.

• The urgent demand for technical expertise justifies focused investment in STEM.

• A strong STEM workforce generates innovations that benefit society as a whole, including non-STEM sectors.

Therefore, prioritising STEM scholarships is a practical, forward-looking policy that supports national development while still recognising the broader value of education.

Government should prioritize scholarship for students in STEM

Supporting reason

• Crucial role in economic growth and technological progress. Essential for national development.

• Growing demand for skilled professional in these fields because of the shortages.

• Financial barriers to go through these fields.

• Ensure equal access to education.

  
  

Evidence

• Contribute directly to industries like healthcare or engineering which can upgrade the infrastructure and social happiness (?? kinda like that but idk what is the word...) of the people in the country.

Counterargument

• Should be equal between science and social science.

Rebuttal

• Helps student understand social issues, cultural diversity, etc.

• Weakened the democratic participation and social cohesion.

  
  

• Governments should prioritise scholarships for students in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields because these disciplines play a crucial role in economic growth and technological progress.

• Another strong reason for prioritising STEM scholarships is the growing demand for skilled professionals in these fields.

• Despite these concerns, prioritising STEM scholarships does not mean denying the value of other disciplines.

SUPPORTING REASONS

• In an increasingly globalised and innovation-driven world, countries rely on scientific research and technological development to remain competitive. STEM graduates contribute directly to industries such as healthcare, engineering, renewable energy, and information technology, which are essential for national development.

• Many countries face shortages of engineers, scientists, and technology specialists, which can slow economic growth and limit technological advancement. Financial barriers often prevent capable students from pursuing STEM degrees, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds.

• These disciplines help students understand social issues, cultural diversity, and moral responsibility, which are equally important in shaping balanced and informed citizens. Without adequate support, humanities and social sciences may be undervalued, potentially weakening democratic participation and social cohesion.

• it reflects the reality of limited public funding and the urgent need for technical expertise in key sectors. A strong STEM workforce can drive innovation that benefits society as a whole, while graduates from all disciplines can still contribute in meaningful ways.

COUNTERARGUMENT

• However, critics argue that humanities and social sciences should receive equal scholarship funding because they are essential for developing critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and strong communication skills.

REBUTTAL

• paragraph 4

Government should prioritize scholarship for students in STEM

Supporting reason

• Crucial role in economic growth and technological progress. Essential for national development.

• Growing demand for skilled professional in these fields because of the shortages.

• Financial barriers to go through these fields.

• Ensure equal access to education.

  
  

Evidence

• Contribute directly to industries like healthcare or engineering which can upgrade the infrastructure and social happiness (?? kinda like that but idk what is the word...) of the people in the country.

Counterargument

• Should be equal between science and social science.

Rebuttal

• Helps student understand social issues, cultural diversity, etc.

• Weakened the democratic participation and social cohesion.

(sorry only want to change my name hehe)

The argument neglects the view that the humanities and arts have inherent worth beyond economic utility, fostering wisdom and cultural understanding essential for a flourishing civilization.

- Is the argument ethical, economic, or social in nature?

It overlooks the vital role humanities play in creating the ethical frameworks and critical thought needed to guide technological advancement responsibly and assess its societal impact.

- Is any perspective missing?

It fails to acknowledge that major modern challenges exist at the intersection of disciplines. Effective solutions require blending technical expertise with insights from social sciences and humanities, making rigid prioritization counterproductive.

1. Governments should prioritize scholarships for students in STEM.

- Supporting Reasons:

1. Plays a crucial role in economic growth and technological progress.

2. A globalized and innovation-driven world, countries rely on scientific research and technological development to compete.

3. Growing demand for skilled professionals

- Evidence:

1. STEM graduates contribute directly to industries such as healthcare, engineering, renewable energy, and information technology.

2. Many countries face shortages of engineers, scientists, and technology specialists.

- Counterargument:

1. People argue that the supply of scholarships for social sciences and humanities should be equally adequate with those provided for STEM pursuing students.

- Rebuttal:

1. Focusing on giving scholarships to STEM related majors does not fully dismiss the importance of social sciences and humanities, it just focuses on the main demand and the technological advancements that are planning to be created in the near future.

The writer primarily prioritises:

• Economic Growth & National development
  The argument repeatedly emphasises productivity, competitiveness, innovation, and workforce needs.

• Practicality & Efficiency
  Limited public funding and “urgent need” for technical expertise suggest a value for realistic, outcome-driven policy.

• Merit-Based Opportunity & Access
  By mentioning disadvantaged students and financial barriers, the writer values equal access, but mainly as a way to strengthen the STEM workforce.

Overall, the writer values economic utility & national progress over cultural/philosophical enrichment.

2. Is the Argument Ethical, Economic, or Social in nature?

The argument is primarily economic, with secondary social and ethical elements.

Economic (Dominant)

Focus on Economic growth, Labour Market Demand, Productivity, Global Competitiveness, Workforce Shortages

These form the core justification for prioritising STEM scholarships.

Social (Secondary)

Mentions Equal Access to Education, Disadvantaged Backgrounds, Social Benefits of Innovation

However, social concerns mainly support economic goals rather than standing on their own.

Ethical (Limited)

Ethics appear briefly through Fair Access to Education, Acknowledgement of Humanities’ Role in Citizenship & Democracy

But these are not deeply developed or used as the main basis of the argument.

Conclusion: The argument is economically driven, with supporting social considerations and minimal ethical grounding.

3. Is Any Perspective Missing?

Yes, several important perspectives are underdeveloped or missing:

1. Student-Centered Perspective

The argument treats students mainly as future workers. There's missing discussion of Personal Interest & Aptitude, Student Well-Being & Academic Freedom, Risk of Pushing Students into Unsuitable Fields

2. Interdisciplinary Perspective

No recognition that Innovation often comes from combining STEM with humanities (e.g. ethics in AI, design thinking, science communication). This weakens the claim that STEM alone drives progress.

3. Long-Term Societal Risk Perspective

The argument does not address Over-saturation of STEM fields, Automation reducing demand for certain technical jobs, Economic vulnerability from over-prioritising one sector

4. Cultural & Democratic Value Perspective

Humanities are mentioned, but only defensively. There's some missing in a deeper exploration of Cultural Preservation, Media Literacy, Civic Responsibility in Technological Societies

5. Global Inequality Perspective

The argument assumes national benefit but ignores Brain Drain, Unequal Global Access to STEM education, Whether STEM Prioritisation Widens International Inequality

Nation/country growth. It stated many times in almost all paragraphs. The foundation of this value is the economic growth and technological progressed.

- The kind of argument?

More into economic. In the text it mentioned about financial barrier, government expenditure, etc.

- Perspective that got missed?

The knowledge that science and social science are correlated to each other. Even though they are different, but the goals are the same. To make a development in a country.

Government should prioritizes scholarships for students in STEM fields because these disciplines play crucial role in economic growth and technological progress.

2. Supporting reasons

STEM contributes more directly to industries such as healthcare, engineering, energy usage, etc which are essential for national development.

3. Evidence

The shortages of engineers, scientists, etc than have been faced by countries can slow economic growth and limit technological advancement.

4. Counterargument

Humanities and social sciences are essential for developing critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and strong communication skills.

5. Rebuttal

Prioritization of STEM scholarships over social sciences does not mean doubting the value of other disciplines. It is the government's attempt to meet adequate workforce needed by the countries.

- Identify:

The picture depict a situation in a classroom where two African students use and sharing technologies, specifically tablet, and using headset. This presentation would focus on one of IB theme which is Social Organization where it is emphasis on the education inequality.

- Connect with Theme:

First, the image presents two students watching a tablet together. Their expression shows an amazement and excitement, introducing an immersive learning experience. This relates to social organization which showing how education can improve students's learning experiences in a classroom becomes more engaging with the advancement in technology.

However, this raise a crucial global problem where education inequality still exists. According to the image, the student must shared the tablet within another, showing the lack of facilities to fulfill between individuals. Moreover, the background pictured a group of students that does not use headset while the two students in the front using it. This create a different opportunity between individuals, introduce the risk of unequal learning experience which would affect their skill and knowledge.

Additionally, the education inequality worsen by the condition of the country itself. The image pictured students which likely have African race,

global issue: technology creates inequality.

Introduction

• Human ingenuity in technology improves life but create inequality

• the focus here is about the access to technology
  

• BODY 1

  two black children shares one tablet in each other for the first time --they dont have the same access to technology like other kids

  they are using old fashioned technologies--they are outdated

  their expression is happy and engaged--

• BODY 2

  the school is kinda poor-- this means that the technology quality is proportional to the school/education quality. (The dust, the uniformity of their uniform and the black plastic bag)

  it is very crowded--- they were all engaged. it is very new to them.

• BODY 3

• Crowded background -- implies many students competing for limited resources. this explain further how outdated they were

• BODY 4

• THE CHILDREN IS HAPPY AND ENGAGED

• it also shows resilience --

  even limited technology still supports connection and learning

  
  

• CONCLUSION

• Technology creates innovation and enhance education, but it could also increase the inequality gap.

Global issue : Education and Social inquality

Paragraph 1: Intro about how education and social inequality exists in todays world, and why is it needs to be solved

Paragraph 2: The children use an old fashion of tablet (price already drop in the market) and still have to share with it pairs show the inequality of social background of the child

Paragraph 3 : The right children facai expression which looks like very excited and amuse by the tablet also the left one who seems very focus on the tablet assumed their first time using it and still trying to recognizing how to use it, this strengthen the idea of social inequality where even though modern world has been modernized, some area are still lack and left behind i terms of technology

Paragraph 4 : The school first time uses a tablet for education purposes which is proven by the facial expression earlier, which indicates that this school lacks of technology and still use traditional method. When we compare to other countries, we can say that the quality of education in this country is still far left behind compared to others.

Paragraph 5 : conclusion, education and social inequality still exists in today world, which hinders the potential of every students hjave.

Firstly, this photo has two African children which are placed in the center of the picture, which represents their lack of prior exposure to tablets. Their excited smiles, directly towards the screen, symbolizes that the technology is a newfound object for the children, which means that they haven’t been exposed to tablets. This central placement emphasizes how the children themselves become symbols of a community with limited access to modern educational tools.

Additionally, the tablet being used is an old model, interpreted from the cables that are connected to it. The usage of the old tablet tells us that the school is unable to provide the students a newer version of the tablet. Thus, the usage of old tablets symbolizes the inability of the school to provide the newest technologies.

This picture also illustrates the poor condition of the classrooms of developing countries from the class furniture. The class was filled with wooden furniture, starting from the cabinet and desks. Wooden furniture is often bought because it is relatively cheaper than other materials, which demonstrates their low budget for facilities. 

The class in the frame is also crowded, explaining the inability of schools in developing countries to provide more teacher workforce. This illustration is inundated with various students, making the space seem narrow. One student was even caught standing on frame, due to how crowded it is. This means that in a class, the number of students was abundant due to the school cramming large amounts of students in a classroom with only a disproportionate amount of supervision.

Schools in developing countries also have to rely on frugality in order to support students. It is shown in the classroom, which was illuminated by sunlight, instead of light bulbs. Turning off lightbulbs is a strategy that cuts costs highly. 

In conclusion, this picture highlights the innovation in technology creates an inequality in developing countries.

Global Issue: Injustice or Inequality

Identify

1. The shocked face expressions from the kids

2. Wire headphones 

3. Tablet shared for two

4. Wooden tables at the back

5. They are in a school: proven by the uniforms they wear

6. The way they wear the headphones: they don't used to it

7. The adapter they use to plug two headphones cables at the same time

8. Plastic wrap below the tablet

9. Crowded background: not everyone gets the chance to utilize the provided tablets

Contextualize

1. The Setting: Rural classroom in a developing region; technology is a rare luxury, not a standard tool.

2. The Moment: "First contact" with the digital world. The plastic wrap and sharing a device suggest the tablet is a new donation or a shared community resource.

3. The Contrast: Highlights the margin between kids who grow up with sufficient technology (e.g most children in western countries) vs. those seeing it for the first time in school (the young children presented in the picture).

Understanding

1. The Digital Divide: This is the core of Inequality. Access to the internet determines your future opportunities; these kids are starting behind because of their geography.

2. Identity of Scarcity: Their "Identity" as students is defined by sharing and protecting limited resources (like the dual-adapter), unlike students in wealthier nations who have personal devices.

3. The "Shock" Factor: Their expressions illustrate the wonder of discovery, but also highlight the Injustice that they’ve been facing, excluded from the digital world until current time.

4. The Way of Seeing Technology as “Precious Object”: They place a plastic wrap below the tablet as the protection of the underside of the tablet, showing that the way they treat the tablet is different with people who are already used to the technology.

1. Esperanza is a girl who lives together with her parent and siblings. She describes herself as a girl who moved multiple times due to unfavorable condition in her previous house.

2. Her new house on Mango Street is small as well as the windows’ sizes, with the door is so swollen that she has to push hard to get in. There is only small garage and yards between the neighboring buildings on either side, ordinary hallway stairs, and a washroom inside the house.
   She had been told many times by her parent if they would move to a proper house with adequate facilities for their living, yet turned out their house on Mango Street did not meet her expectations as what had been told by her parents.

3. Mama: hair’s like rosettes, little candy circles all curly and pretty, and warm smell of bread before it is being baked
   Nenny: a little girl with slippery type of hair
   Lucy and Rachel: wearing Sunday shoes without socks, making their bald ankles all red.

4. It is because of the meaning behind of her name and how it is being inherited from her grandmother. This inheritance reminds her of how she born in the same month with her grandmother, which is in horse month that means bad luck.

5. Her poor conditions described has led Esperanza to be lonely and has few friends due to her isolated environment.

6. This structure focuses on every single experience in Esperanza’s life briefly yet not in detail. This helps readers to understand the surface of the events in her life and her feelings towards each event.

7. In chapter “Hairs”, Cisneros uses hairs as imagery to implicitly create meaning behind it. The author illustrates the variety of Esperanza’s family’s hairs as their physical features, yet it could be acts as an intermediary to portray the different behaviors of theirs.

8. Poverty, supported by the environment being described in the story. From the beginning of the story, Esperanza’s living conditions has been depicted poorly that she has to move multiple times due to her previous houses conditions.