Mushrooms by Anastasia Charnesky https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6 en-us 2018-03-19 12:08:54 UTC 2023-06-27 08:39:04 UTC hello@padlet.com charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244473861 Mushrooms are a depressant hallucinogenic drug found in schedule I of the total five schedules. Being a hallucinogen it gives off the same neurotic effects as LSD, and also shares very similar chemical structure as parts of the human brain. ]]> 2018-03-21 12:19:36 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244473861 Chemical Composition charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244474058 The chemical or scientific name for "mushrooms" is "psilocybin". It is classified as an "indole alkaloid" which means it contains a nitrogen organic base. More specifically, mushrooms have a long chemical name "phosphorylated 4-hydroxydimethyltryptamine"; with this classification it best fits with the fungal kingdom or Protista group. Any mushroom plant, that contains psilocybin can also be recognised as part of the Basidiomycetes class. Species of this class grow naturally all over the world and are psychoactive. ]]> 2018-03-21 12:20:07 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244474058 Relation to Humans charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244477465 To humans the chemical inside this nitrogen-containing base plant when isolated until it becomes pure, is highly toxic, causing hallucinations. ]]> 2018-03-21 12:28:22 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244477465 Powder charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244478252 This powder is the most dangerous form of Psilocybin and was first isolated during the 1950s to its full purity. Humans are very sensitive to this powder as merely 0.01 grams of psilocybin powder can have a higher risk of abuse. After this initial isolation is was formed into a pill to be used as a pharmacological drug and for psychological therapy. However in 1968 was made illegal when few positive effects or benefits had been found. This powder is mainly ingested, injects, or sniffed leading to a high risk of overdose. To obtain this powder or pill it is very expensive and hard to even make for that matter, making it hard to find off the streets. ]]> 2018-03-21 12:30:16 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244478252 Liquid charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244478277 This liquid or "juice" comes from mashing the whole psilocybe mushroom for the remaining juice. There is a lot of archaeological evidence that ancient indigenous groups of South America practiced the use of extracting and ingesting the psilcyobe liquid, near A.D. 1. Other native groups to consume this potent mushroom come from Mexico, using it as part of a religious event. However when this is combined with water it naturally becomes less potent, dangerous, and there is a lower risk for overdose. ]]> 2018-03-21 12:30:19 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244478277 Mushrooms charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244478334 This is the most common way to consume psilocybin, simply by eating the solid mushrooms. Alone, these mushrooms contain 0.01 to 1.3% of psilocybin. Mushrooms can also be dried, shrinking them around 90% to 95% their actual size. However by shrinking them it contains nearly 10 times the amount of psilocybin chemical after water is removed. Mushrooms rarely cause death until it comes to small  children, posing a greater risk in accidentally ingesting these mushrooms when playing outdoors. This type of psilocybin mushroom  can easily be mistaken since it is only one stage growth to mature looking like the desired or common mushrooms used for culinary purposes. However, buying the pre-packaged mushrooms from stores is not always safe either, even though it is illegal in the United States; grocery store mushrooms are commonly injected with the same chemical or a more potent chemical which is passed off as psilocybes. Other times these mushrooms are frozen as a black mass so that buyers can not see what they are actually buying. ]]> 2018-03-21 12:30:25 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244478334 charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244483629 2018-03-21 12:41:51 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244483629 Slang Names charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244487221 - Magic mushrooms
- Shrooms
- Boomers
- Caps 
- Cubes
- Fungus
- Liberty caps
- Mexican mushrooms
- Mushies
- Mushrooms
- Psychedelic mushrooms
- Psilocydes
- Purple passion
- Sillies
- Silly putty
- Simple Simon]]> 2018-03-21 12:49:56 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244487221 Mouth and Stomach charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244490228 Being the most common way to ingest mushroooms, eating is much easier and the moderate dose is considered 1-5 grams (dried mushrooms) or 10-15 grams (fresh mushrooms). After being eaten and chewed in the mouth, it goes into the stomach where absorption rate is slowed due to the acid released onto the base of psilocybin, then the neuroxin is released into the blood stream through the small intestines and are absorbed quickly. A few minutes later the person will often feel nauseous leading many to vomit. Once it passes through both the small intestines and stomach it finally gets to the blood and into the liver until it reaches the brain. Blood levels usually increase during this time for around 30 minutes to a little over two hours. Users usually feel anxiety or anticipation of something until it begins to intensify into strong emotions leading many to either crying or laughing. Other effects are loss of time/space and then users can have hallucinations; lasting up to four to six hours. ]]> 2018-03-21 12:55:54 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244490228 Injecting charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244490245 The psilocybe juice is not even half as common as ingestion but it still happens all over. Users who attempt the use by injection are looking for the "native" or "natural" experience and the time it takes to reach the brain is the fastest; less than 16 seconds the chemical has gone into the lungs as well as the blood, heart, then brain. Some side effects related to injecting are increased risk of overdose, coma, convulsions (a sudden movement or violent shaking the user is unable to control), and kidney failure.]]> 2018-03-21 12:55:56 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244490245 Enema charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244490271 This way of injecting psilocybin liquid allows the drug to reach the brain very quickly as it is injected through the rectum. It is not as horrid as the previous injecting method and can reduce the chance of vomit and nausea. Also, it is considered a faster route to the brain as the drug does not have to pass through the stomach which normally would have slowed the reaction more. ]]> 2018-03-21 12:56:00 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244490271 Smoking and Snorting charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244490345 Not a common or popular option of consuming the drug but does occur in some cases. This method is similar to how other drugs would be smoked or snorted through the mouth or nose. ]]> 2018-03-21 12:56:07 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/244490345 charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245278700 2018-03-22 23:41:51 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245278700 Mental Effects charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245286577 In the beginning, when smaller doses are taken, the user becomes relaxed. Then, medium amounts lead to a "tingling throughout the body" as well as emotions of anxiety or alertness. After thirty minutes to an hour the user experiences mood swings from joy to depression, euphoria, or fear very quickly. Another known effect is the user's loss of perception of time and place leading them to have many hallucinations including visual forms, for example; "as though the walls are breathing". Colours and shapes are also common during hallucinations such as spirals, cobwebs, or honeycombs. On the other hand many negative hallucinations can include examples such as sinking into the floor, suffocating, or being harmed by others. ]]> 2018-03-23 00:37:16 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245286577 Physiological Effects charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245286613 Psilocybin, known as a neurotoxin similar to those found in the human brain, can disrupt the serotonin levels in someone's brain. This means that the user will experience dilated pupils, numbness anywhere in the body, tremors, no appetite, hallucinations, blurred vision, or even overactive reflexes. Having a higher sensitivity to this drug causes more serious effects such as comas, seizures, and even death; this includes children. Although this drug is not considered addictive whatsoever, the higher risk of tolerance can lead to increased doses for a similar relaxed effect. ]]> 2018-03-23 00:37:30 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245286613 Relevance to Teens Today charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245288923 Mushrooms, or psilocybin, are one of the most popular hallucinogens known in the more recent century. They were first introduced into pop culture from the early 1960s, however continued to gain popularity through into rave culture from the 1990s and up. Hallocinogen use continued to peak throughout the years after the 1960s and by 2010 the U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health had reported nearly 1.2 million people in the U.S. had used hallucinogens in only the past month. It is very dangerous and has send over at least 10,000 to 18,000 people to the emergency room between the years of 2004 and 2008 (see below for graph). This drug was commercialised and there was a distinct increase in popularity along with the influence increase among youth. A rave is defined as a large dance party, often including lasers, artificial smoke, or upbeat dance music. The rave or club culture can be described as any atmosphere with "loud, bass heavy music, flashing lasers, disco lights, and colorful outfits" ((Sanders, 2006) "Hallucinogens"). Many people may feel influenced or pressured to join in too have fun and not be left out. Without being educated on how to deny someone's invitation to a party where it is known for sure or not certain if drugs are involved can make it difficult to turn down. Young people were especially drawn in by the popularity and based on how exciting for fun these raves looked. ]]> 2018-03-23 00:51:56 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245288923 Long-Term Effects charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245289862 When Psilocybe mushrooms are used over a longer period of time and a tolerance has developed, the user will most likely face long-term mental illness effects. Some examples of these mental illnesses are: paranoia, depression, and psychosis. It is quite apparent that the use of psilocybin mushrooms can greatly increase the risk of chronic mental problems as long as the family has a history of this. Next is a long-term effect called "flashbacks" which is when the effects of the drug reoccur due to reduced use. It is known that even after several months of no usage, symptoms similar to withdrawal can occur such as unexpected hallucinations, mood swings, etc. There are also many deadly side effects coming from the period while the user is under the influence of psilocybin and self-harm from poor judgement is one of the more common ones. Since being under the influence of this drug can decrease the user's sensitivity to pain, they overestimate what their bodies can handle and often user's may test their abilities by jumping from high heights or attempting to walk on water. This can also lead to death by suicide or painful scars for the rest of their lives. ]]> 2018-03-23 00:57:59 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245289862 Citation for Column charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245290351 Sawvel, Patty Jo. "Psilocybin." Drugs and Controlled Substances: Information for Students, edited by Stacey L. Blachford and Kristine Krapp, Gale, 2003, pp. 400-409. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3402000186/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=2906cecd. Accessed 22 Mar. 2018.


]]> 2018-03-23 01:01:15 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245290351 Citations charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245290855 Sawvel, Patty Jo. "Psilocybin." Drugs and Controlled Substances: Information for Students, edited by Stacey L. Blachford and Kristine Krapp, Gale, 2003, pp. 400-409. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3402000186/GVRLu=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=2906cecd. Accessed 21 Mar. 2018.


"Hallucinogens." Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol & Addictive Behavior, edited by Pamela Korsmeyer and Henry R. Kranzler, 3rd ed., vol. 2, Macmillan Reference USA, 2009, pp. 222-227. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2699700228/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=cdb2261b. Accessed 21 Mar. 2018.

]]> 2018-03-23 01:04:05 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245290855 Citations charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245291006 Sawvel, Patty Jo. "Psilocybin." Drugs and Controlled Substances: Information for Students, edited by Stacey L. Blachford and Kristine Krapp, Gale, 2003, pp. 400-409. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3402000186/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=2906cecd. Accessed 22 Mar. 2018.


]]> 2018-03-23 01:04:55 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245291006 Citations charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245291948 "Hallucinogens." Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol & Addictive Behavior, edited by Pamela Korsmeyer and Henry R. Kranzler, 3rd ed., vol. 2, Macmillan Reference USA, 2009, pp. 222-227. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2699700228/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=cdb2261b. Accessed 20 Mar. 2018.

Sawvel, Patty Jo. "Psilocybin." Drugs and Controlled Substances: Information for Students, edited by Stacey L. Blachford and Kristine Krapp, Gale, 2003, pp. 400-409. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3402000186/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=2906cecd. Accessed 20 Mar. 2018.

Davidson, Tish, et al. "Hallucinogens and Related Disorders." The Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Health, edited by Kristin Key, 3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2012, pp. 732-738. Health & Wellness Resource Center, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX4013200220/HWRC?u=lom_inac&sid=HWRC&xid=4504f25c. Accessed 20 Mar. 2018.


]]> 2018-03-23 01:10:20 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245291948 charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245293192 2018-03-23 01:14:33 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245293192 Citations charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245296659 Sawvel, Patty Jo. "Psilocybin." Drugs and Controlled Substances: Information for Students, edited by Stacey L. Blachford and Kristine Krapp, Gale, 2003, pp. 400-409. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3402000186/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=2906cecd. Accessed 22 Mar. 2018.]]> 2018-03-23 01:31:12 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245296659 charnesky_anastasia87 https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245302235 Number of emergency department visits involving ecstasy, 2004-2008. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, “Emergency Department Visits Involving Ecstasy,” The DAWN Report (March 24, 2011). ]]> 2018-03-23 02:05:33 UTC https://padlet.com/charnesky_anastasia87/afh215yujrf6/wish/245302235