Participatory Approach by Michell Mendoza https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk Theories y Methods of TESOL en-us 2022-11-14 04:15:49 UTC 2022-11-14 05:42:44 UTC hello@padlet.com https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/paulson-cbpa-090921082518-phpapp02-thumbnail-4.jpg?cb=1253521691 Participatory Approach mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382251973 Participatory methods are designed to build self-esteem and a sense of responsibility for one’s decisions. They are designed for planning at community level and can be useful for identifying positive and negative behaviors related to hygiene. Participants learn from each other and develop respect for each other’s knowledge and skills.]]> 2022-11-14 04:51:59 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382251973 mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382266119 A participatory approach brings together representatives of all the local stakeholders. This is often a diverse group of users, health workers, NGO's, etc, who might not usually work together, might come from different backgrounds, and have different values and interests.
A constructive and democratic group learning and action planning process is initiated, often using visual methods of communication.]]> 2022-11-14 05:04:10 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382266119 mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382269983 Community mapping, transect walks, focus group discussions, gender role analysis, use of drawings, posters, role-play, theatre, and songs are examples of participatory methods.]]> 2022-11-14 05:07:37 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382269983 mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382273645 2022-11-14 05:10:41 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382273645 mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382274428 2022-11-14 05:11:20 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382274428 There are lots of participatory tools/techniques available to help guide the process. Three of the most popular approaches (overlapping rather than competing) are: mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382274965 2022-11-14 05:11:49 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382274965 1. PHAST (Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation) mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382278044 Developed in Eastern and Southern Africa in the mid-late 1990s, it consists of a participatory approach in which people learn about their situation, make plans to improve this and then change their behaviour. Special techniques, such as mapping and ranking, are used for this process of self-discovery and analysis. The approach can be used where initial latrine coverage is low.

]]> 2022-11-14 05:14:24 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382278044 2. SARAR (Self-esteem, Associative strength, Resourcefulness, Action planning, Responsibility) mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382280481 stimulates involvement in community-based activities of all kinds, not only by the more prestigious and articulate participants (such as community leaders or senior staff), but also by the less powerful, including non-literate community members.]]> 2022-11-14 05:16:31 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382280481 3. PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382282469 A generalized description which covers a wide range of techniques especially aimed at involving communities in decision-making and self-assessment and in the development of stakeholder partnerships.

]]> 2022-11-14 05:18:12 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382282469 Other useful tools or activities are: mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382283526 2022-11-14 05:19:07 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382283526 A focus group discussion mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382285510 A skilled facilitator assembles representative groups from the community and creates an atmosphere where individuals feel free to express opinions openly on topics such as the environmental problems caused by excreta and how they can be mitigated. The facilitator is armed with key questions, but the conclusions emerge from the groups' open discussions and lead to ideas for action. Focus groups are helpful in the formative research phase, identifying the target practices and key messages for the different groups.


]]> 2022-11-14 05:20:24 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382285510 A neighbourhood social map mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382288621 In open meetings, local women and men have made a social map of their whole settlement (in small communities) or neighbourhood (in large communities). The techniques used depend on the levels of development. People draw in the soil, they fingerpaint or draw on paper, or use cut-and paste techniques. Techniques that require implements such as pens and scissors are less suitable for people without or with low literacy, often the women and the poor. Mapping can be used for many things, from what kind of families have and use what types of latrines, water sources or hygiene related skills to whether women and men from different classes and sections have equal access to education and training.]]> 2022-11-14 05:23:01 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382288621 A transect walk mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382289812 A local team of women and men systematically walks through a cross-section of their settlement, reviews good and bad situations and notes these in their cross-section diagram.


]]> 2022-11-14 05:24:10 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382289812 A household and/or school hygiene self-survey mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382291092 A survey is planned and implemented by a team of local women and men inhabitants or parents, teachers and students helped by a local health or NGO worker.


]]> 2022-11-14 05:25:14 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382291092 mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382292764 2022-11-14 05:26:22 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382292764 mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382293384 2022-11-14 05:26:57 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382293384 mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382294402 2022-11-14 05:28:00 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382294402 What are Participatory Methods? mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382303590 When preparing a proposal, maybe you have heard the term participatory methods. Maybe your donor even requires you to show that you use participatory methods in your project planning. But what does this term actually mean, and why would a donor want you to use them? In this article we will give you an introduction to the concept.]]> 2022-11-14 05:34:35 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382303590 Participatory Methods mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382304596 In the development field are approaches that include more voices into planning, implementation, and evaluation of development work. With enhanced participation from project partners, the hope is that projects become more widely accepted by the communities they operate in. This increases the likelihood of successful projects. Participatory methods were developed as tools to make it easier to include the voices of all concerned groups -including marginalized groups- into planning, implementation, and evaluation.]]> 2022-11-14 05:35:30 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382304596 Participatory methods include: mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382305299
  • Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA)
  • Participatory Learning and Action (PLA)
  • Community Mapping
  • Focus Group Discussions
  • Gender Role Analysis
]]> 2022-11-14 05:36:11 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382305299 mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382306925 2022-11-14 05:37:22 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382306925 mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382307589 2022-11-14 05:37:59 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382307589 mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382308961 2022-11-14 05:39:06 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382308961 mendozamichell2330 https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382309785 2022-11-14 05:39:51 UTC https://padlet.com/mendozamichell2330/ae8o98bhk019cazk/wish/2382309785