https://padlet.com/jbernstein/ethnokuminaexample en-us 2019-01-03 13:16:04 UTC 2023-01-28 19:11:26 UTC hello@padlet.com jbernstein https://padlet.com/jbernstein/ethnokuminaexample/wish/317200045 Kumina is an Afro-Jamaican religion and musical culture brought to Jamaica by enslaved people of the Congo Region of West Africa.  The drumming and musical style was developed to accompany spiritual ceremonies that evolved in the parishes of rural Jamaica.  The musical elements of Kumina include repetitive, hypnotic percussive passages that serve as a foundation for solo drumming, singing, and dancing.]]> 2019-01-03 13:18:30 UTC https://padlet.com/jbernstein/ethnokuminaexample/wish/317200045 jbernstein https://padlet.com/jbernstein/ethnokuminaexample/wish/317200623 The instruments used in Kumina include:
-Kbandu Hand drums.  These are played lying on their side by two drummers.  One plays a constant steady rhythm while the other solos using traditional drum fills.
-Catta Sticks-two long "drum-sticks" that are played against the back of the rhythm drum
-Grater-A coconut grater playing a repetative rhythm
-Shakers-maraca-like instruments that echo the grater's rhythm.]]> 2019-01-03 13:21:32 UTC https://padlet.com/jbernstein/ethnokuminaexample/wish/317200623 jbernstein https://padlet.com/jbernstein/ethnokuminaexample/wish/317201521 Kumina music is passed down aurally, taught by elders and master players.  This makes it so all can participate in some part of the ensemble, as the musicians tend to switch out during long performances. Many learn these musical parts, as well as the songs and dances that accompany them, at a young age.  ]]> 2019-01-03 13:25:29 UTC https://padlet.com/jbernstein/ethnokuminaexample/wish/317201521 jbernstein https://padlet.com/jbernstein/ethnokuminaexample/wish/317201995 This style of drumming is used to accompany spiritual ceremonies, particularly funeral ceremonies known as "ninenights" or "deadyards".  The drummers provide the musical background for the all night celebrations, repeating the same rhythms for hours on end.  Participants dance traditional dances that accompany the music and can even fall into trance-like states, which can cause it to be viewed as a form of witchcraft. It can be used in other celebrations as well, and is widely accepted as a traditional Jamaican art form performed for entertainment.]]> 2019-01-03 13:27:47 UTC https://padlet.com/jbernstein/ethnokuminaexample/wish/317201995 jbernstein https://padlet.com/jbernstein/ethnokuminaexample/wish/317204111 The style of Kumina has remained widely unchanged in modern times. It can still be traced back to it's ancestors in the Congo and West Africa. It is, however, seen less frequently at traditional ceremonies, including burials. This is due in part to the uprising of DJ's and sound systems being used for entertainment instead. ]]> 2019-01-03 13:36:35 UTC https://padlet.com/jbernstein/ethnokuminaexample/wish/317204111 jbernstein https://padlet.com/jbernstein/ethnokuminaexample/wish/317207147 2019-01-03 13:48:59 UTC https://padlet.com/jbernstein/ethnokuminaexample/wish/317207147