Thermodynamics Project by Kristel Lopez https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1 Kristel Lopez, Maura Suarez, Nathalie Ortega en-us 2021-04-20 20:01:35 UTC 2023-04-19 10:50:02 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f525.png THERMODYNAMICS kristellopez001 https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1439842956 2021-04-20 20:10:54 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1439842956 So what is Thermodynamics? kristellopez001 https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1459877224 2021-04-26 14:51:58 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1459877224 Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that explains the affect of work, heat, and energy on a system. It helps understand the relationship between heat and other forms of energy. The laws of Thermodynamics show us how the energy in a system changes and if the system can do work on its surrounds. kristellopez001 https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1459901316 2021-04-26 14:56:16 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1459901316 Before things get *heated*, lets go over some terminology to get some knowledge into our *systems* ;) kristellopez001 https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1459957305 2021-04-26 15:05:55 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1459957305 Work kristellopez001 https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460023619 Energy being transferred from one system (ex. engine) to another ]]> 2021-04-26 15:17:19 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460023619 State function kristellopez001 https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460129181 Variables that make up the state of the system such as internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, and free energy...almost like ingredients. ]]> 2021-04-26 15:36:20 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460129181 Reversible vs Irreversible kristellopez001 https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460221835 Reversible: when the system and environement are able to return to their previous state]]> 2021-04-26 15:52:50 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460221835 kristellopez001 https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460251595 Irreversible: when the system and environment cannot return to their previous state]]> 2021-04-26 15:58:25 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460251595 Spontaneous reaction example: suarezmauraa https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460274083 The rusting of iron is spontaneous and is accompanied by a decrease in the entropy of the system.]]> 2021-04-26 16:02:35 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460274083 System vs. Surroundings kristellopez001 https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460323116 System: the molecules that are reacting 

Surroundings: Everything else around the system]]> 2021-04-26 16:11:07 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460323116 Definition of the "Third law of Thermodynamics" nathalieortega23 https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460464621 In simple terms ,the third law states that the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero as the absolute temperature approaches zero.This law provides an absolute reference point for the determination of entropy.]]> 2021-04-26 16:36:06 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460464621 Entropy kristellopez001 https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460512204 Measure of disorder in a system and amount of energy unavailable to do work.

More disorder = higher entropy ]]> 2021-04-26 16:44:42 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460512204 How is the Third law of thermodynamics used in daily life? nathalieortega23 https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460575178 The daily use of the Third law of thermodynamics allows us to define the sign of the entropy of any substance at temperatures above absolute zero and also it provides a fixed reference point that allows us to measure the absolute entropy of any substance at any temperature.]]> 2021-04-26 16:56:10 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460575178 Enthalpy kristellopez001 https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460593178 Sum of internal energy and product of pressure and volume in a system.
H = E + PV. Reflects capacity to release heat]]> 2021-04-26 16:59:30 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460593178 Non-spontaneous reaction example: suarezmauraa https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460682909 -Reaction of atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen

]]> 2021-04-26 17:15:38 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460682909 Gibbs Free Energy kristellopez001 https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460683781 Maximum amount of available work that can be take from a system under constant temperature and pressure. ]]> 2021-04-26 17:15:48 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460683781 Spontaneous and Non-spontaneous relations suarezmauraa https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460699215 •Spontaneous - the reaction which proceeds in the given direction without the need of outside force or energy is called spontaneous.       
 
•Non spontaneous - the reaction which needs external force or energy in order to proceed in given direction is nonspontaneous reaction.                                                                                                                

•To predict spontaneity, we check the Gibbs free energy if this is negative then the reaction is spontaneous. And if Gibbs free energy is positive then it is said to be non-spontaneous.


]]> 2021-04-26 17:18:38 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460699215 Spontaneous reaction example: suarezmauraa https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460706269  The melting of ice into water happens spontaneously as soon as ice is left at room temperature. Ice is a solid with an ordered crystalline structure as compared to water, which is a liquid in which molecules are more disordered and randomly distributed.

]]> 2021-04-26 17:19:56 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460706269 Spontaneous process in everyday life: suarezmauraa https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460811803 2021-04-26 17:39:03 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460811803 The Three Laws of Thermodynamics include: kristellopez001 https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460818778 2021-04-26 17:40:20 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460818778 First Law of Thermodynamics: kristellopez001 https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460848796 Also, known as the Law of Conservation of Energy states, energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be transferred from one location to another and transformed into other forms of energy. The mathematical representation of this first law is   ΔU=q+w .

ΔU = total change in internal energy of a system

q = heat exchanged between system and surroundings 

w = work done by or on the system 



]]> 2021-04-26 17:45:48 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460848796 Relationship between Enthalpy,Free Energy and Entropy. nathalieortega23 https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460857587 Gibbs free energy combines enthalpy and entropy into a single value.
Gibbs free energy is the energy associated with a chemical reaction that can do useful work. It equals the enthalpy minus the product of the temperature and entropy of the system.
G = H – TS
At constant temperature
ΔG = ΔH – TΔS
ΔG predicts the direction of a chemical reaction. If ΔG is negative, then the reaction is spontaneous. If ΔG is positive, then the reaction is non-spontaneous.

]]> 2021-04-26 17:47:27 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1460857587 Importance of First Law: kristellopez001 https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1461060892 The importance of this law is it applies to many aspects of our lives such as the air conditioning system, light bulbs, energy from food, etc. 

The first example of how this law applies to real life is in our light bulbs. Light bulbs transform electrical energy into light energy. Electrical energy is also transformed into the energy used to light our computer screens and create sound energy to listen to music. ]]> 2021-04-26 18:25:51 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1461060892 kristellopez001 https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1461133079 In plants, the first law can also be applied because plants turns light energy from the sun into chemical energy which it uses to grow and make food.

]]> 2021-04-26 18:40:20 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1461133079 Second Law: Spontaneous and Non-Spontaneous process suarezmauraa https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1461434084 The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of any isolated system will always increase. Isolated systems spontaneously evolve towards thermal equilibrium which is the state of maximum entropy of the system. 

]]> 2021-04-26 19:49:21 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1461434084 Importance of Second Law: suarezmauraa https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1461503078 Second law of Thermodynamics is very important as it talks about entropy. We used the second law in our everyday life when using temperature and heat. 
Example: Putting an ice cube into a cup with water at room temperature or leaving a cup of coffee out for more than 5 minutes. When both ice cubes start to melt and coffee gets cold the entropy will result in the water to decrease, therefore its entropy increases. ]]> 2021-04-26 20:08:06 UTC https://padlet.com/kristellopez001/acscvqhk2fid1up1/wish/1461503078