https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic Audrey, Gable, Josie, Sarah en-us 2022-02-18 19:44:58 UTC 2022-02-23 19:37:20 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f427.png audreyroberts4 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2055855742 William Taft was the 27th president of the United States and the 10th Chief Justice. Taft was a member of the Republican party and served 1 term between the years of 1909-1913.]]> 2022-02-18 19:49:12 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2055855742 josephinesowell1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2055855874 Underwood-Simmons Act of 1913- the act reduced tariffs. More importantly, income tax was introduced. Taxes were set at graduated rates. The taxes started with 1% with a $3,000 income, and they only went up to 6% with incomes above $500,000. Overall, the tax only affected about 5% of the population and gathered 10% of government revenue.
Federal Reserve Act of 1913- he created the Federal Reserve Banking, a central banking system. The Panic of 1907, where stocks fell 50%, drove many to believe America needed something more stable. America's currency became more flexible and was no longer tied to the gold standard.
Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914-  a trust is where stockholders in several companies transferred their shares to a single board of trustees. The board of trustees can control several companies at once. Trusts allowed monopolizing a market and forcing other competitors out of business to be very easy. Wilson saw this and determined that all trusts were dangerous. Therefore, he revised the Sherman Act of 1890 and made practices that lead to monopolies illegal.]]> 2022-02-18 19:49:20 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2055855874 josephinesowell1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059275389 Woodrow Wilson served as 28th president as a member of the Democratic Party.]]> 2022-02-21 19:23:19 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059275389 sarahfreeland1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059275953 Teddy was the 26th president of the United States following the death of President McKinley. He served two terms from 1901-1909. He was a member of the Republican Party ]]> 2022-02-21 19:23:50 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059275953 josephinesowell1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059277007 New Freedom was Woodrow Wilson's platform for change. He envisioned an agrarian America like Thomas Jefferson. His goals were to attack tariffs, banks, and trusts which helped industrialists at the expense of farmers.]]> 2022-02-21 19:24:51 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059277007 josephinesowell1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059286413 https://www.ssa.gov/history/childb1.html

]]> 2022-02-21 19:33:21 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059286413 sarahfreeland1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059292997 Roosevelt came into office rather abruptly with goals of:
1. Expanding executive power 
2. Modernization and reform of federal government
3. Reduce monopolies and civil service reforms ]]> 2022-02-21 19:38:52 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059292997 audreyroberts4 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059295280 While Taft was in office, no great scandal or corruption occured, the first tariff revision since 1897 passed, the placing of conservation on a legal basis occured, improvement of railroad regulation, and an antitrust crusade were all succesful. One thing Taft is most well known for is the Creation of the Children's Bureau in 1912. Taft signed into law a bill creating the new federal government organization to focus on the welfare of children in all classes of society. This bureau worked to end child labor and overall used funds to help improve the lives of children. Taft also was credited with the building of most of the Panama Canal and, the passage of more than fifty minor progressive acts and his other most progressive actions was adding two amendments to the Constitution. The 16th amendment was passed in 1909 and ratified in 1913, and it gave Congress the power to create income taxes. The 17th amendment provided for the direct election of US Senators by voters in each state. He also had peacefully settled a number of international disputes, launched the most ambitious attempt yet made to obtain world peace, and steadily maintained a policy of neutrality toward Mexico.

]]> 2022-02-21 19:40:59 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059295280 sarahfreeland1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059296394 https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/theodore-roosevelt/]]> 2022-02-21 19:41:59 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059296394 audreyroberts4 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059297952 New Nationalism was the previous president, Roosevelt's, campaign platform, that Taft carried over and upheld throughout his presidency. New Nationalism had goals to evaluate and support the ICC to set railroad rates, create a graduated income tax, reform banking system, and labor legislation. Taft also supported the idea of senators elected by the people and made many trust-busting efforts. Seeing as though Taft was always more of an administrator than a politician, and had a very uncomfortable 4 years in office, his main lifelong dream was to be a Chief Justice on the Supreme Court, which he accomplished after his presidency. ]]> 2022-02-21 19:43:29 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059297952 audreyroberts4 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059314367 -The Payne Aldrich Tariff Act had insufficient reductions in tariffs rates as promised by Taft.
-The debate over the Payne Aldrich Tariff Act split the Republican Party into Progressives and Old Guards.
-Taft's dismissal of Gifford Pinchot, chief forester of the United States, led to a divide between Taft and Roosevelt supporters, further separating the Republican party. ]]> 2022-02-21 19:59:37 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059314367 audreyroberts4 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059314504 The division of the Department of Commerce and the Department of Labor by Taft continues to promote economic growth and ensures the health and safety of US workers.  

]]> 2022-02-21 19:59:44 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059314504 audreyroberts4 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059324358 2022-02-21 20:09:55 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2059324358 josephinesowell1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061175402 https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/federal-income-tax-1913]]> 2022-02-22 18:40:45 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061175402 josephinesowell1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061195945 https://apprend.io/apush/period-6/the-sherman-anti-trust-act/#:~:text=Trusts%20were%20a%20business%20structure,a%20single%20board%20of%20trustees.&text=Thus%2C%20trusts%20gave%20the%20illusion,they%20were%20controlled%20as%20one.]]> 2022-02-22 18:51:54 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061195945 josephinesowell1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061196433 https://www.britannica.com/event/Clayton-Antitrust-Act]]> 2022-02-22 18:52:11 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061196433 josephinesowell1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061196865 http://www.taxhistory.org/thp/readings.nsf/ArtWeb/C82515A4B6B7A24C85257D1B0041C86E?OpenDocument]]> 2022-02-22 18:52:26 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061196865 josephinesowell1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061200841 ushistory.org/us/43g.asp ]]> 2022-02-22 18:54:42 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061200841 josephinesowell1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061244235 The Federal Reserve System continues to be the central bank of America. ]]> 2022-02-22 19:19:11 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061244235 audreyroberts4 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061249814 2022-02-22 19:22:02 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061249814 sarahfreeland1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061253849 https://www.britannica.com/summary/Theodore-Roosevelts-Achievements]]> 2022-02-22 19:24:18 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061253849 josephinesowell1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061257321 -Tariffs helped industrialist while hurting smaller businesses and charging citizens more
-The government was poor. The revenue from tariffs relied too much on the current market and fluctuated.
-Instability in currency. The gold standard was making cash to tight
-Monopolies were still present despite being illegal. Industrialist found loopholes and still used business practices that caused monopolies.

]]> 2022-02-22 19:26:21 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061257321 josephinesowell1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061433352 https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/wilson-delivers-fourteen-points-speech]]> 2022-02-22 21:34:35 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061433352 josephinesowell1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061447379 14 Points Speech
Read the speech at https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/content/wilson-14points-speech.html
The 14 Points speech was given to congress by WW toward the end of WW1. Wilson outlines all of his progressive and liberal ideas by setting a guideline for future peace. He suggests transparent governments, arms reductions, freedom of the seas, free trade, and self-determination for oppressed minorities. Wilson was very passionate because this is what he believed needed to happen for world peace. His guidelines were used some in Paris Peace talks, but most points were ditched in the treaty. His points, which outlines his beliefs, explain why he was worried the treaty was too harsh on Germany.

]]> 2022-02-22 21:47:35 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2061447379 audreyroberts4 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2062704570 2022-02-23 14:34:43 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2062704570 sarahfreeland1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2062892363 https://www.britannica.com/topic/Meat-Inspection-Act#:~:text=The%20Meat%20Inspection%20Act%20of,slaughtering%20and%20processing%20of%20livestock.]]> 2022-02-23 16:08:09 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2062892363 sarahfreeland1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2062905104 https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Learn-About-TR/TR-Encyclopedia/Capitalism-and-Labor/The-Sherman-Act.aspx]]> 2022-02-23 16:14:37 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2062905104 sarahfreeland1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2062909510 The Square Deal-
This was Roosevelt's domestic plan to help and reform the problems that he had seen in the environmental, corporate, and consumer practices. He characterized this social program by the 3 C's:
1. Consumer protection
2. Corporate regulation
3. Conservationism
US Forest Service (1905)-
Roosevelt pressed for Congress to establish the first government-owned land which could not be available for commercial use. These became public parks that he hoped would conserve forests and improve environmental treatment. The government ended up consolidating over 194 million acres in the US
The Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)-
It banned the foreign and interstate transportation of adulterated or mislabeled food and drug products. It also allowed for the US Bureau of Chemistry to inspect and prosecute when the Act is violated
Meat Inspection Act (1906)-
Similar to the Pure Food and Drug Act, this allowed for the inspection of meat, prosecuting for mislabeled and poor sanitary conditions of the slaughtering
Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)-
This was done prior to his presidency when he served on the Civil Service Commission. He continued to enforce this throughout his presidency, busting corporations that had monopolistic policies. This was the first federal act against monopolies


]]> 2022-02-23 16:16:47 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2062909510 sarahfreeland1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2062923018 - City life with the industrial revolution caused horrible sanitation and living conditions. Many photographers and journalists began to capture the poor living conditions that the workers experienced, leading to his food and monopoly reforms
- The factories and increase in the extrapolation of natural resources caused land destruction at the time
- Economic disparities between the classes
- Monopolies were dominating the economy and were taking advantage of the consumers]]> 2022-02-23 16:23:30 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2062923018 sarahfreeland1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2063129266 The square deal was a social and domestic policy of Roosevelt that addressed many monopolies at the time. Harpers weekly was one of the prominent newspapers at the time and published this cartoon. You can see Teddy Roosevelt in the window overseeing Charles Bonaparte (the attorney general) shooting Charles Mellon (head of a railroad company). This signified his policies against the monopolies, seeing as though he implemented the first federal act against monopolies and their practices. *see successes for more details*
The publisher of this cartoon clearly disagreed with Roosevelts economic policies, seeing as though the cartoon depicts the harm of the wealthy businessman by the government ]]> 2022-02-23 18:14:20 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2063129266 sarahfreeland1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2063131099 https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1901-1950/Pure-Food-and-Drug-Act/

]]> 2022-02-23 18:15:12 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2063131099 sarahfreeland1 https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2063136469 His policies can still be seen today in the regulation of monopolies and the FDA. He was the first regulator of food and drugs within America. The FDA was inspired by his original policies, and continues to be the official regulator of food quality and transportation… as well as drugs]]> 2022-02-23 18:18:12 UTC https://padlet.com/josephinesowell1/acc4pcgw556kgyic/wish/2063136469