History Chapter 9 Villa by Misael Villa

2015 - ESSA

vill2303 — 2025-07-14 17:07:28 UTC

The 2015 Every Student Succeeds Act was so that states would have more flexibility when setting goals for testing and schools were allowed to use different measures in order to do so. This is important because the government is understanding that the people that know their students the best are not policy makers or politicians, they are teachers who are in the trenches with students every single day. A simple yet invaluable truth that every teacher should carry to their grave is, know your students.

1958 - NDEA

vill2303 — 2025-07-14 17:10:56 UTC

In 1958, the National Defense Education act was passed. Interestingly enough, this was the same year that NASA was established with events of the Cold War looming in the background. This was an important event in Bilingual Education because it was the first time that foreign language was being promoted here in the United States. I'm not sure if there are any ties to the Cold War at all but I just find that interesting.

1968 - Title VII

vill2303 — 2025-07-14 17:10:58 UTC

In 1968, the Bilingual Education Act, Title VII was passed. This established federal policy for Bilingual Education for economically disadvantaged language minority students. This is important because I see it was the first that there is wording from the Federal government to not look over MLs and that their education also mattered.

1994 - IASA

vill2303 — 2025-07-14 17:11:00 UTC

The IASA was the first time that full bilingual proficiency was being saw as an actual goal for students. Instead of ignoring programs in which students were learning in both English and a foreign language, the government was now finally seeing them as "equals" which meant that schools with needs of MLs would no longer be as easily ignored within the educational policy process.

2002 - NCLB

vill2303 — 2025-07-14 17:11:03 UTC

Ah yes, good ol' "No Child Left Behind." I always share this but I remember my math teaching in HS always saying this and when I say always, I mean, always. This act appropriated funds to states so that they could improve education. However, the process was seriously flawed because bilingual education was being allowed, but it was certainly not encouraged. This was made clear by the immense focus of English language development and the unattainable testing goals set forth by the federal government. It is important for us to be mindful of this because there were a lot of MLs that saw themselves as failures for not being able to pass a test. We must be mindful of this as we think of assessments for our students.