Methods and Approaches in Language Teaching by Analia tejerina

(1800) Grammar translation method

analiatejerinaph — 2020-06-13 19:36:34 UTC

(1900) Direct Method

analiatejerinaph — 2020-06-13 19:37:32 UTC

(1970) Suggestopidia

analiatejerinaph — 2020-06-13 19:38:52 UTC

./ Silent way
Suggestopidia
by Georgi Lozanov
An educational method based on a modern understanding of how the human brain works and how we learn most effectively

Learner's role

Committement to the class and its activities.
Encourage their own “infantilization.”
Respect and trust their teacher. Relax and believe in the method. Feel comfortable.
Do their assignments.

Teacher's role

To create situations in which learners are most suggestible.
Show absolute confidence in the method.
Organizer and observer.
Source of authority.
Encourage face to face communication

Advantages

Suggestopedia can be motivating in relaxing
Can be good for psychological health.
Is quicker than other conventional methods.
Activates mental potential.

Disadvantages

Classical music is not desired by many people
Only a certain kind of teachers is reliable to teach using the suggestopedia method
The provision of materials is not always possible

(1983) The Natural Approach

analiatejerinaph — 2020-06-13 19:39:33 UTC

Developed by Tracy Terrel
Language learning is the reproduction of the way humans acquire their native language. It adheres to a communicative
approach to language learning
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJGSdX95XpQ
Teacher's role

Provides comprehensive input
Source of the learners ' input
Creator of a variety of classroom activities

Student's Role
The learner moves through 3 stages:

Pre Production stage
Early stage
Production extends

Advantages

For a period of time , the silence is beneficial
Student language egos are not threatened

Disadvantages

Advocacy of a silent period delay oral production
Heavy emphasis on comprehensible input

Principles

It focuses on communicative abilities
Objectives; to help beginners become intermediate
Vocabulary is considered prior to syntactic structures
A lot of comprehensible input
Use of visual aids help comprehension
First listening and reading . Speaking emerges later

Reducing the high affective filter by: focusing on meaningful communication rather on form
Providing interesting comprehensible input

(1940-1960) The Audio Lingual Method

analiatejerinaph — 2020-06-13 19:41:06 UTC

(1965-1980 )TPR

analiatejerinaph — 2020-06-13 19:41:43 UTC

*Developed by James Asher
TPR can be used to teach:

*Vocabulary connected with actions
* Grammatical items
*Classroom language
*Imperatives/ instructions
* Storytelling

Teacher's role:

* Active and direct role
*Takes decitions, models, presents topics,
* Avoid to much correction
* Monitors
* Gives commands

Video : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkMQXFOqyQA

Student's Rol:

* Listeners and performers
* Are required to respond collectively and individually
* Are expected to recognize and respond to combinations already taught.
Advantages:
* Good for kinesthetic learners
* Learners enjoy it
*Can be used in large or small classes
*It is effective with young learners and teenagers
* Involves left and right- brained learning
Disadvantages
* Not flexibly used to teach everything
* Difficult to teach abstract vocabulary or expressions.
*It tends to neglect narrative , descriptions, and conversation forms of language.

(1970-1980)Communicative language teaching

analiatejerinaph — 2020-06-13 22:01:55 UTC

2 Main features:

Meaning is more important than the form
Contextualizing language is useful to generate communication and interact with other

Goals:

Knnowing how to use language
Knowing how to vary the use of language, when to use formal and informal speech
Knowing how to produce and understand different types of texts
knowing how to maintain communication and communication strategies

Characteristics

Focuses on all the components of communicative competence
Language learning = Learning to communicate
Language items have to be contextualized
Students are active participants
Errors are welcomed as part of the learning process

Teacher's role

Facilitator and monitor ,rather than a model

Learner's role

Participate in classroom activities
Have to became confortable with listening to their peers

Take great responsability for their learning

Advantages
Importance of communication and interacion
Encourage to use the target language in semi-authentic contexs
Values the student's personal experiences
The student became the main character
Disadvantages

Hard to use in a crowded classes
The monitoring of the teacher must be very good
Often grammar rules are not presented nd correction of errors may be infrequent
Focuses on fluency

(1983) Multiple intelligences

analiatejerinaph — 2020-06-14 00:07:56 UTC

By Howard Gardner
People have different ways of learning and thinking ( 8 )
Verbal Intelligence
People show abilities with words and languages, reading, telling stories, playing words games.
Activities: memory games, trivia quizzes, reading assignments, oral presentation
Logical Intelligence
People have the ability to use numbers effectively and are sensitive to logical patterns and relationships. They like : experimenting, questioning, figuring put logical puzzles, relationships and connections, categorizing and sequencing ad outlining
Activities; Learning the rules of grammar
Visual intelligence
They have strong visual memory and are often artistics.They are sensitive to colours , shapes, forms , space and the relationships that exist between these elements. They like drawing , designing .
Kinaesthetic Intelligence
People are skilled at physical activities such as sports or dance. They may enjoy acting, dancing, touching, gesturing and in general they are good at building and making things. They like hands-on learning and learning tangible experiences.
Musical intelligences
It has to do with rhythm , music and listening. People are more perceptive to sounds, tones and music.
They like singing, whistling, humming and tapping feet and hands
Activities: write songs, listening to music, singing, and playing instruments

Interpersonal Intelligence
People are usually friendly and are sensitive to other moods, feelings and motivations. They like leading and organizing .Activities: work in groups , dialogues using puppets.

Intrapersonal Intelligence
They know about their strength and weaknesses as well as their motivations, desires and intentions. They are good at setting goals , planning and reflecting on their work and prefer to work alone
Activities: writing an autobiography and keeping private journals
Naturalistic intelligence

People with naturalistic intelligence possess expertise in the flora and fauna of the environment.
Activities: taking care of the plants, organizing campings, observing natural surroundings.

Project based approach

analiatejerinaph — 2020-06-14 05:56:03 UTC

Students explore real-world problems and challenges. With this type of active and engaged learning, students are inspired to obtain a deeper knowledge of the subjects they're studying.
Teacher's role
Coach ,guide or model of problem solver
Teacher should not expect students to be effective problem solvers right away

Learner's role
students will need to be guided during the searching and solving process. By asking questions along with the students

Characteristics
Learner-centered environment Collaboration
Curricular content
Authentic tasks
Multiple expression modes Emphasis on time management Innovative assessment

Advantages
Opportunities to develop complex skills, such as higher-order thinking, problem-solving, collaborating, and communicating (SRI, 2000)  Access to a broader range of learning opportunities in the classroom, providing a strategy for engaging culturally diverse learners

PPP (Presentation, Practice and Production)

2020-06-17 10:36:08 UTC

In the late 80s and early 90s a method for introducing and developing new language was evolving in the field of English Language Teaching, this was Presentation, Practice and Production. This formula has its roots I. Much older theory, dating as far back as the Situational Structural Approach.

https://youtu.be/tdjnRNi-n6Q

Definitions

2020-06-19 08:24:10 UTC

Approach:
* It is a conjunction of ideas related to the nature and teaching of a given language
* It refers to theories about the nature of language and language learning.
* It describes how people acquire their Knowledge of the language and make statements about the conditions which will promote successful language learning.
* It is the source of the principle s and practices of language teaching.
* It describes how a language is used and how it constituents parts interlock.

Method

* It is considered the practical realization of an approach.
*It is understood as a group of procedures, a system that clearly explains how to teach a language syllabus organization - contents and skills to be taught, roles of teachers and learners, kinds of materials to use.
* The method is based on a specific approach. The approach is axiomatic whereas the method is procedural.

Procedure
* I the is an ordered sequence of techniques.

* It can be understood as a set of actions, operations and strategies which have to be executed accordingly to a perception on how to obtain a expected result, in our case on how to increase competition in a foreign language.

Techniques
*It is each specific strategy that we use in the classroom.
* It is a tool that is used to obtain an immediate result.
* These techniques must be coherent with the method, and therefore, they must be in harmony with the approach.

Neurociencia

2020-06-19 09:02:20 UTC

Facundo Manes explains that "the tools used in the field of cognitive neurosciences offer us great possibilities to develop strategies to implement in the area of education,  such as the early detection of children with special educational needs, the monitoring and comparison of various teaching modalities in learning as well as a better understanding of individual differences in learning. "

The way that neuroscience helps education is considered a great benefit because knowing how the brain works, it is a beginning of how the teacher can realize about the individualism of their students. Students`s likes, what's types of games students like. How can students learn.

http://www.educationalneuroscience.org.uk/resources/the-adolescent-brain/educational-neuroscience/
This article will help us to understand more about neuroscience and education

Gamification

2020-06-19 09:19:08 UTC

We
The term gamification was coined back in 2002 by Nick Pelling, a British- born computer program.er and inventor, and hit the mainstream thanks to Foursquare in2009. By 2011, it officially became buzzword when Gartner added it to its "Hype Cycle" list.
So, all learning environments should encourage active and critical learning,not passive learning. Game based learning provides this ideal environment. The best games are those that actively engage learners, so that they experience the pleasure of exploring and understanding a new system. Well-designed games can take the form of word pkay, language play, narrative and role play, as well as digital platforms.
The following link explain how important is gamification in education
https://youtu.be/mOssYTimQwM

Technology in education

2020-06-19 09:29:34 UTC

Educational technology is the combined use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning. Educational technology creates, uses, and manages technological processes and educational resources to help improve user academic performance.The field has been described as a persisting initiative that seeks to bring learners, teacher, and technical means together in an effective way.
https://www.aft.org/ae/spring2016/debruyckere-kirschner-and-hulshof

https://www.intel.la/content/www/xl/es/education/technology-in-education-for-learning-and-teaching.html

https://youtu.be/aXyCECMxhOs

Blended Learning ( first developed in the 1960s, the formal terminology to describe it did not take its current form until the late 1990s)

analiatejerinaph — 2020-06-19 23:05:17 UTC

Blended learning is an approach to education that combines online educational materials and opportunities for interaction online with traditional place-based classroom methods. It requires the physical presence of both teacher and student, with some elements of student control over time, place, path, or pace. While students still attend "brick-and-mortar" schools with a teacher present, face-to-face classroom practices are combined with computer-mediated activities regarding content and delivery. Blended learning is also used in professional development and training settings.