Although the science of robotics only came about in the 20^th century, the history of human-invented automation has a much lengthier past. In fact, the ancient Greek engineer Hero of Alexandria, produced two texts,Pneumatica andAutomata, that testify to the existence of hundreds of different kinds of “wonder” machines capable of automated movement. Of course, robotics in the 20^th and 21^st centuries has advanced radically to include machines capable of assembling other machines and even robots that can be mistaken for human beings.

The word robotics was inadvertently coined by science fiction author Isaac Asimov in his 1941 story “Liar!” Science fiction authors throughout history have been interested in man’s capability of producing self-motivating machines and lifeforms, from the ancient Greek myth of Pygmalion to Mary Shelley’s Dr. Frankenstein and Arthur C. Clarke’s HAL 9000. Essentially, a robot is a re-programmable machine that is capable of movement in the completion of a task. Robots use special coding that differentiates them from other machines and machine tools, such as CNC. Robots have found uses in a wide variety of industries due to their robust resistance capabilities and precision function. 

Historical Robotics

Many sources attest to the popularity of automatons in ancient and Medieval times. Ancient Greeks and Romans developed simple automatons for use as tools, toys, and as part of religious ceremonies. Predating modern robots in industry, the Greek God Hephaestus was supposed to have built automatons to work for him in a workshop. Unfortunately, none of the early automatons are extant. 

In the Middle Ages, in both Europe and the Middle East, automatons were popular as part of clocks and religious worship. The Arab polymath Al-Jazari (1136-1206) left texts describing and illustrating his various mechanical devices, including a large elephant clock that moved and sounded at the hour, a musical robot band and a waitress automaton that served drinks. In Europe, there is an automaton monk extant that kisses the cross in its hands. Many other automata were created that showed moving animals and humanoid figures that operated on simple cam systems, but in the 18^th century, automata were understood well enough and technology advanced to the point where much more complex pieces could be made. French engineer Jacques de Vaucanson is credited with creating the first successful biomechanical automaton, a human figure that plays a flute. Automata were so popular that they traveled Europe entertaining heads of state such as Frederick the Great and Napoleon Bonaparte.

Victorian Robots 

The Industrial Revolution and the increased focus on mathematics, engineering and science in England in the Victorian age added to the momentum towards actual robotics. Charles Babbage (1791-1871) worked to develop the foundations of computer science in the early-to-mid nineteenth century, his most successful projects being the difference engine and the analytical engine. Although never completed due to lack of funds, these two machines laid out the basics for mechanical calculations. Others such as Ada Lovelace recognized the future possibility of computers creating images or playing music.

Automata continued to provide entertainment during the 19^th century, but coterminous with this period was the development of steam-powered machines and engines that helped to make manufacturing much more efficient and quick. Factories began to employ machines to either increase work loads or precision in the production of many products. 

The Twentieth Century to Today

 In 1920, Karel Capek published his play R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots), which introduced the word “robot.” It was taken from an old Slavic word that meant something akin to “monotonous or forced labor.” However, it was thirty years before the first industrial robot went to work. In the 1950s, George Devol designed the Unimate, a robotic arm device that transported die castings in a General Motors plant in New Jersey, which started work in 1961. Unimation, the company Devol founded with robotic entrepreneur Joseph Engelberger, was the first robot manufacturing company. The robot was originally seen as a curiosity, to the extent that it even appeared on The Tonight Show in 1966. Soon, robotics began to develop into another tool in the industrial manufacturing arsenal.

Robotics became a burgeoning science and more money was invested. Robots spread to Japan, South Korea and many parts of Europe over the lastA Brief History of Robotics ~ 350 B.C The brilliant Greek mathematician, Archytas ('ahr 'ky tuhs') of Tarentum builds a mechanical bird dubbed "the Pigeon" that is propelled by steam. It serves as one of history’s earliest studies of flight, not to mention probably the first model airplane. ~ 322 B.C. The Greek philosopher Aristotle writes... “If every tool, when ordered, or even of its own accord, could do the work that befits it... then there would be no need either of apprentices for the master workers or of slaves for the lords.” ...hinting how nice it would be to have a few robots around. ~ 200 B.C. The Greek inventor and physicist Ctesibus ('ti sib ee uhs') of Alexandria designs water clocks that have movable figures on them. Water clocks are a big breakthrough for timepieces. Up until then the Greeks used hour glasses that had to be turned over after all the sand ran through. Ctesibus' invention changed this because it measured time as a result of the force of water falling through it at a constant rate. In general, the Greeks were fascinated with automata of all kinds, often using them in theater productions and religious ceremonies. 1495 Leonardo DaVinci designs a mechanical device that looks like an armored knight. The mechanisms inside "Leonardo's robot" are designed to make the knight move as if there was a real person inside. Inventors in medieval times often built machines like "Leonardo's robot" to amuse royalty. 1738 Jacques de Vaucanson begins building automata in Grenoble, France. He builds three in all. His first was the flute player that could play twelve songs. This was closely followed by his second automaton that played a flute and a drum or tambourine, but by far his third was the most famous of them all. The duck was an example of Vaucanson's attempt at what he called "moving anatomy", or modeling human or animal anatomy with mechanics." The duck moved, quacked, flapped its wings and even ate and digested food. 1770 Swiss clock makers and inventors of the modern wristwatch Pierre Jaquet-Droz and later joined by his son Henri-Louis Jaquet-Droz start making automata for European royalty. They create three dolls, each with a unique function. One can write, another plays music, and the third draws pictures. 1801 Joseph Jacquard builds an automated loom that is controlled with punched cards. Punch cards are later used as an input method for some of the 20th centuries earliest computers. 1822 Charles Babbage demonstrates a prototype of his "Difference Engine" to the Royal Astronomical Society. He continues his work by designing an even more ambitious project "the Analytical Engine" that reportedly was to use punch cards inspired by Joseph Jacquard's invention. During his lifetime he never produces a functional version of either machine. Despite this shortcoming he is often heralded as the "Father of the Computer" and his work lives on as the foundation for the binary numbering system that is the basis of modern computers. 1847 George Boole represents logic in mathematical form with his Boolean Algebra. 1898 Nikola Tesla builds and demonstrates a remote controlled robot boat at Madison Square Garden. 1921 Czech writer Karel Capek introduced the word "Robot" in his play R.U.R (Rossuum's Universal Robots). "Robot" in Czech comes from the word "robota", meaning "compulsory labor". 1926 Fritz Lang's movie Metropolis is released. "Maria", the female robot in the film, is the first robot to be projected on the silver screen. 1936 Alan Turing introduces the concept of a theoretical computer called the Turing Machine. Despite being a fundamental advance in computer logic it also spawns new schools in mathematics. 1940 Issac Asimov produces a series of short stories about robots starting with A Strange Playfellow (later renamed Robbie) for Super Science Stories magazine. The story is about a robot and its affection for a child that it is bound to protect. Over the next 10 years he produces more stories about robots that are eventually recompiled into the volume I, Robot in 1950. Asimov is generally credited with the popularization of the term "robotics" which was first mentioned in his story Runaround in 1942. But probably Issac Asimov's most important contribution to the history of the robot is the creation of his Three Laws of Robotics: 1. A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. 2. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. 3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. Asimov later adds a "zeroth law" to the list: Zeroth law: A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm. 1946 George Devol patents a playback device for controlling machines. 1950 Alan Turing publishes Computing Machinery and Intelligence in which he proposes a test to determine whether or not a machine has gained the power to think for itself. It becomes known as the "Turing Test". 1951 The Day the Earth Stood Still premieres in theaters. The movie features an alien named Klaatu and his robot Gort. 1956 Alan Newell and Herbert Simon create the Logic Theorist, the first "expert system". It is used to help solve difficult math problems. Aided by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nat Rochester, and Claude Shannon organize The Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence at Dartmouth College. The term "artificial intelligence" is coined as a result of this conference. 1959 John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky start the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). 1961 Heinrich Ernst develops the MH-1, a computer operated mechanical hand at MIT. 1962 The first industrial arm robot - the Unimate - is introduced. It is designed to complete repetitive or dangerous tasks on a General Motors assembly line. 1963 John McCarthy leaves MIT to start the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at Stanford University. 1966 The Stanford Research Institute (later to be known as SRI Technology) creates Shakey, the first mobile robot to know and react to its own actions. Amongst other achievements SRI was also the research institute that helped bring us modern day laundry detergent in the development of Tide. An artificial intelligence program named ELIZA is created at MIT by Joseph Weizenbaum. ELIZA functions as a computer psychologist that manipulates its users’ statements to form questions. Weizenbaum is disturbed at how quickly people put faith in his little program. 1967 In response to an article written by Hurbert Dreyfus in which he declares a computer program could never beat him in a game of chess, Richard Greenblatt writes MacHack, a program that does just that. Greenblatt’s program would be the foundation for many future chess programs, ultimately culminating in Big Blue, which beat chess grand master Gary Kasparov. 1968 Stanley Kubrick makes Arthur C. Clark's 2001: A Space Odyssey into a movie. It features HAL, an onboard computer that decides it doesn't need its human counterparts any longer. 1969 Victor Scheinman, a mechanical engineering student working in the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL) creates the Stanford Arm. The arm's design becomes a standard and is still influencing the design of robot arms today. 1970 Stanford University produces the Stanford Cart. It is designed to be a line follower but can also be controlled from a computer via radio link. 1971 The film Silent Running is released starring Bruce Dern. Dern's co-stars are three robot drones Huey, Dewey, and Louie. 1974 Victor Scheinman forms his own company and starts marketing the Silver Arm. It is capable of assembling small parts together using touch sensors. 1976 Shigeo Hirose designs the Soft Gripper at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. It is designed to wrap around an object in snake like fashion. 1977 Star Wars is released. George Lucas' movie about a universe governed by the Force introduces watchers to R2-D2 and C-3PO. The movie creates the strongest image of a human future with robots since the 1960's and inspires a generation of researchers. Deep space explorers Voyagers 1 and 2 launch from the Kennedy Space Flight Center. 1979 The Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University is established. The Stanford Cart is rebuilt by Hans Moravec. He adds a more robust vision system allowing greater autonomy. These are some of the first experiments with 3D environment mapping. 1980 Seymour Papert publishes Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas in which he advocates “constructionism”, or learning through doing. 1981 Takeo Kanade builds the direct drive arm. It is the first to have motors installed directly into the joints of the arm. This change makes it faster and much more accurate than previous robotic arms. 1982 Blade Runner is released. This Ridley Scott film is based on the Philip K. Dick story Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? and starred Harrison Ford as Rick Deckard, a retired blade runner who hunted replicants (illegal mutinous androids). 1986 The LEGO® Group and the MIT Media Lab collaborate to bring the first LEGO-based educational robotics and control products to market. LEGO TC Logo is used by in the classrooms of thousands of elementary school teachers. Honda begins a robot research program that starts with the premise that the robot "should coexist and cooperate with human beings, by doing what a person cannot do and by cultivating a new dimension in mobility to ultimately benefit society." 1989 A walking robot named Genghis is unveiled by the Mobile Robots Group at MIT. It becomes known for the way it walks, popularly referred to as the "Genghis gait". At MIT Rodney Brooks and A. M. Flynn publish the paper Fast, Cheap and Out of Control: A Robot Invasion of the Solar System in the Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. The paper changes rover research from building the one, big, expensive robot to building lots of little cheap ones. The paper also makes the idea of building a robot somewhat more accessible to the average person. Dr. Seymour Papert becomes the LEGO Professor of Learning Research. 1992 In an attempt to build a radio controlled vacuum cleaner Marc Thorpe has the idea to start a robot combat event. Dr. John Adler came up with the concept of the CyberKnife, a robot that images the patient with x-rays to look for a tumor and delivering a pre-planned dose of radiation to the tumor when found. Inventor Dean Kamen founds FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology), a nonprofit dedicated to facilitating robotics competitions with the aim of inspiring the next generation of science and technology leaders. 1993 Dante, an 8-legged walking robot developed at Carnegie Mellon University descends into Mt. Erebrus, Antarctica. Its mission is to collect data from a harsh environment similar to what we might find on another planet. The mission fails when, after a short 20 foot descent, Dante's tether snaps, dropping it into the crater. 1994 Dante II, a more robust version of its predecessor, descends into the crater of Alaskan volcano Mt. Spurr. The mission is considered a success. Marc Thorpe starts Robot Wars at Fort Mason Center in San Francsico, CA. 1996 A RoboTuna is designed and built by David Barrett for his doctoral thesis at MIT. It is used to study the way fish swim. Chris Campbell and Stuart Wilkinson turn a brewing accident into inspiration at the University of South Florida. The result is the Gastrobot, a robot that digests organic mass to produce carbon dioxide that is then used for power. They call their creation the "flatulence engine." Honda debuts the P3, the fruit of its decade long effort to build a humanoid robot. 1997 The first node of the International Space Station is placed in orbit. Over the next several years more components will join it, including a robotic arm designed by Canadian company MD Robotics. The Pathfinder Mission lands on Mars. Its robotic rover Sojourner rolls down a ramp and onto Martian soil in early July. It continues to broadcast data from the Martian surface until September. 1998 Tiger Electronics introduces the Furby into the Christmas toy market. It quickly becomes "the toy" to get for the season. Using a variety of sensors this "animatronic pet" can react to its environment and communicate using over 800 phrases in English and their own language "Furbish". LEGO releases their first Robotics Invention SystemTM 1.0. LEGO names the product line MINDSTORMS® after Seymour Papert's seminal work of 1980. FIRST launches FIRST LEGO League, a robotics competition for ages 9-14 featuring the newly-released LEGO MINDSTORMS robotics system. 1999 LEGO releases The Robotics Discovery Set, Droid Developer Kit and the Robotics Invention System 1.5. SONY releases the AIBO robotic pet. 2000 Honda debuts new humanoid robot ASIMO. The Battlebots event is held in Las Vegas, Nevada. LEGO releases the MINDSTORMS Robotics Invention SystemTM 2.0 2001 LEGO releases the MINDSTORMS Ultimate Builder's Set In August, the FDA clears the CyberKnife to treat tumors anywhere in the body. 2002 Honda's ASIMO robot rings the opening bell at the New York Stock Exchange. iRobot releases the first version of Roomba, the robot vacuum cleaner. 2003 NASA launches both the “Spirit” and “Opportunity” Mars exploration robot rovers. SONY releases the AIBO ERS-7, it's 3rd generation robotic pet. 2004 The robot rover “Spirit” and “Opportunity” land safely on Mars. 2006 The second generation of LEGO MINDSTORMS is launched, spawning a new generation of robotics enthusiasts at home and in schools. Special thanks to MegaGiant Robotics for the content of this document. half century, to the extent that projections for the 2011 population of industrial robots are around 1.2 million. Additionally, robots have found a place in other spheres, as toys and entertainment, military weapons, search and rescue assistants, and many other jobs. Essentially, as programming and technology improve, robots find their way into many jobs that in the past have been too dangerous, dull or impossible for humans to achieve. Indeed, robots are being launched into space to complete the next stages of extraterrestrial and extrasolar research.

they can do more efficiently

they can do at brisk pace

humans can do more works which require more brain than just labour

there will be huge unemployement

most families loose their means of living

if something goes wrong in designing the robot whole thing gets messed up

Do you agree robots be called as "robots"

tragically, robots have gone far beyond their servant role

In 1942 prolific science-fiction writer penned three laws of the robots in a short story "runaround"

The first industrial robot "Unimate" was made to work at General Motors in 1961

yes,i agree

according to Czech word 'robota" which roughly means servitude

but now robots are beyond what its name suggests

There are 3 aspects that determine any robot, namely brawn, bone and brain which relate to physical strength, structure and intelligence respectively.

Robots are generally used in places where a lot of mechanical work is required such as manufacturing, assembling products, and most importantly for handling dangerous materials. But with the rapidly increasing power of microprocessors and artificial intelligence techniques robots have become so accurate that they can be used wherever required.

Researches are still being made by scientists to improve the artificial intelligence of robots despite the developments that have taken place. The focus of robotic manufacturing technology is to minimize the capital investment by increasing flexibilities. This is robotic technology - not replacement for humans, but rather is a modern way of helping us in a wide variety of ways.

There are 3 aspects which determine any robot, namely brawn, bone and brain which relate to physical strength, structure and intelligence respectively.

2. Where are the Da Vinci's instruments present in robots?

The Da Vinci's miniatured instruments are mounted on three separate robotic arms, allowing the surgeon a maximum range of motion and precision.

3. Who is the founder of the website "Howstuffworks.com" ?

"Howstuffworks.com" was started by Marshall Brain who feels that robots will displace most of the human jobs in the near future. The essay "Robotic Nation" was also written by him.

4. When did NASA make an attempt to develop FTS ?

NASA decided to develop a Flight Telerobotics Servicer (FTS) in 1987 to help astronauts assemble the space station. But, however the attempt to develop such a servicer failed.

5. How does the Da Vinci system reduce the work of a surgeon ?

The surgeon is able to operate all the four arms of the robot simultaneously while looking through a stereoscopic high definition monitor that literally places him inside the patient.

6. What is a Robonaut ?

Robonaut is a humanoid robot designed by the Robot Systems Technology branch at NASA. It has the capabilities roughly equivalent to that of an astronaut in space suit.

7. How does IAD reduce the labor work of people ?

Intelligent Assist Devices (IAD) manipulate a robot by using robotic technology and help production people to handle parts and payloads- more, heavier, faster, better, with less strain.

8. By whom was the article Robot in every house written?

The article Robot in every house was written by Bill Gates. The leader of the PC revolution predicts that the next hot field will be robotics. He feels that we are on the verge of a new era , when the PC will get up of the desktop and allow us to see, wear, touch, and manipulate objects in places where we are not physically present.

2.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_luhn7TLfWU

3.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQVHzLTXGbc

4.http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/sep/06/will-robots-create-destroy-jobs

5.http://theweek.com/articles/452281/army-seriously-considering-replacing-soldiers-robots

6.http://ambarish.com/paper/Orin_Goswami_Lee_Centroidal_Dynamics_AURO.pdf

7.PPT ON ROBOTIC TECHNOLOGY

2.SOPHISTICATED-HAVING A LOT OF KNNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE ABOUT THE WORLD,CULTURE,ART,ETC

3.SYMPOSIUM-A FORMAL MEETING AT WHICH EXPERTS DISCUSS A PARTICULAR TOPIC

4.PERSONNEL-PEOPLE WHO WORK FOR A PARTICULAR COMPANY OR ORGANISATION

5.MANEUVER-A PLANNED MOVEMENT OF SOLDIERS OR SHIPS

6.CANONICAL-OF OR RELATING TO GROUP OF BOOKS,PLAYS,POEMS,ETC,THHAT ARE CONSIDERED IMPORTANT

Although the automotive industry uses a large number of industrial robots in a production line, human workers contribute to the final completion of the cars. In fact, as most of the manufacturing operations are done by industrial robotic arms, the assembly tasks are still handmade. Wiring and operations, such as wheel installation, remain a human task. To reduce the weight applied on the human hand, Equipois developed a bionic hand called the X ar ARM. This exoskeleton device has been used by GMC for several years to reduce the stress produced by repetitive movement. This technology gives a supplementary 10 pounds of gripping force to the worker. The "gripper" comes with sensors, actuators and simulated nerves, muscles and tendons that not only reduce fatigue, but also increase manual dexterity.

2.

When we imagine the future of warfare, we often envision a battlefield where humanoid robots and other machines fight alongside or in the place of human soldiers.The use of military robots raises both ethical and tactical concernsdefence agencies across the world are investing heavily in technology that can reduce bloodshed and automate acts of war, with one senior American officer saying he could replace a quarter of troops with robots and remote-controlled vehicles.

I'm sure that the field of robotics and robotics-related fields such as medical bionics and Biomechatronics will play a big role in medicine in near future.

Medical robots used in therapies. The idea behind this is quite similar to therapies with animals only robots are more predictable

Maybe this will be possible in the future. The idea is to develop devices as small as a few nanometers, hence the name – nano-robots. These little devices could then be used in different mind-blowing ways. For example, to fix a broken bone or to deliver medication to the exact place needed or to exterminate cancer cells.

Nowadays, there are two fields where surgical robots are being developed and tested. One is telerobotics which enables a doctor to do a surgery at a distance. The other field is minimally invasive surgery - surgery done without making large cuts.

The da Vinci robot surgery system is one great example of robotics use for surgery purposes. More than thousand units are being used world-wide

With no need to take breaks and the ability to work 24/7, a manufacturing robot can increase productivity dramatically. Higher rates of throughput mean higher profits. Manufacturing robots help produce products much faster than traditional manufacturing methods by decreasing part cycle times. The very nature of manufacturing robots lends itself to creating a leaner, more efficient manufacturing cycle.

Industrial manufacturing robots do not require an hourly wage. Other than the cost of maintenance, a company pays for a manufacturing robot once. The initial cost of an industrial manufacturing robot can seem daunting, but the return on investment (ROI) can quickly be realized after implementation. A company can expect a ROI on their industrial manufacturing robot in six months to one year.

2.EDUCATION

Androbot's Topo by Nolan Bushnell

Heathkit's Hero Robots

Leaf AI Robot

The Lego Mindstorms Robotic System

And in pharmatics it is better to use robots for the same reason as above

It may seem that use of robots in Miltary is a good idea but i dont think it is a good idea .

2.Which of the following terms refers to the rotational motion of a robot arm?
a) swivel
b) axle
c) retrograde
d) roll
e) yaw

3. What is the name for the space inside which a robot unit operates?
a) environment
b) spatial base
c) danger zone
d) exclusion zone
e) work envelop

4. Which of the following terms IS NOT one of the five basic parts of a robot?
a) peripheral tools
b) end effectors
c) controller
d) drive
e) sensor

5. The number of moveable joints in the base, the arm, and the end effectors of the robot determines ………….. ?
a) degrees of freedom
b) payload capacity
c) operational limits
d) flexibility
e) cost

6.. Which of the basic parts of a robot unit would include the computer circuitry that could be programmed to determine what the robot would do?
a) sensor
b) controller
c) arm
d) end effector
e) drive

7. Type of robotic like device used in undersea applications

a).Telecherics.

b). exo-skeleton 

c). locomotive device 

d). prosthesis

8. The shape of work volume of a cylindrical robot is...

.a), paraboloid

b). sphere

c). cylinder

d). cube

• Cartesian Robots: Used for pick and place work, application of sealant, assembly operations, handling machine tools and arc welding. It's a robot whose arm has three prismatic joints, whose axes are coincident with a Cartesian coordinator.
• Cylindrical Robot: Used for assembly operations, handling at machine tools, spot welding, and handling at diecasting machines. It's a robot whose axes form a cylindrical coordinate system
• Spherical Robots: Used for handling at machine tools, spot welding, diecasting, fettling machines, gas welding and arc welding. It's a robot whose axes form a polar coordinate system.
• SCARA Robots: Used for pick and place work, application of sealant, assembly operations and handling machine tools. It's a robot which has two parallel rotary joints to provide compliance in a plane.
• Articulated Robots: Used for assembly operations, diecasting, fettling machines, gas welding, arc welding and spray painting. It's a robot whose arm has at least three rotary joints.
• Parallel Robots: One use is a mobile platform handling cockpit flight simulators. It's a robot whose arms have concurrent prismatic or rotary joints.
• 2.what are the famous robots?
• Famous Robots include: Cybermen, Daleks, K9, Santas, R2D2, Bender, Gigantor, Gort, Johnny5, & Kitt.
• 3.who is the father of robotics?
• an arabian AL JAZARI
• What is one of the most difficult tasks for a Robot to perform?
• to walk
• 4. why can not robots be like humans?
• Robots cannot be like humans because they lack creativity
  
• 5. Which two of the following are commercially available Robots?
• robot dog,robot lawnmover
• 6.How are Robots helping us with the environment?
• A. Cleaning up after nuclear power plant disasters B. Clean asbestos from pipes C. Detecting harmful gases and chemicals D. Safely strip paint from ships
  
• 7.What are the names of the first two Robots sent to Mars?
• Spirit and Opportunity
• 8. The most common Robot in our society today ?
• robotic arm
• 
  
• 
  

2.https://m.youtube.com/watchv=N_m56irWKeI

3.http://www.slideshare.net/mobile/montinokatriano/robotic-surgery-presentation

4.http://bigthink.com/dr-kakus-universe/nasa-sending-first-humanoid-robot-into-space

5.http://www.learnaboutrobots.com/space.htm

6.http://m.phys.org/news/2015-09-quadcopter-quadruped-story-smooth.html

7.http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-robot-in-every-home/

8.https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6feEE716UEk

9.http://m.kiplinger.com/slideshow/business/T057-S005-robots-taking-charge/index.html?page=1-9

link:2https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TK-h4oATYSI

link3:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uoC2ZGRI8a8

link:4http://www.slideshare.net/peterbuck/history-of-robotics

link:5http://www.robotics.com.sg/wbn/slot/u497/History%20of%20Robotics.pdf

link:6https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyiw7NHKRAI

link:7http://prime.jsc.nasa.gov/ROV/history.html

2.The videos which are posted are from youutube

3.I got knowledge about robotic history from mother jones journal

4.I have posted ppt on robotics from

Humanoid:having human characteristics or form; resembling human

2.in military

3.space robots

4.in medical purposes

5.domestic

2. How long will it be before robots build a habitat for humans on Mars?

3.How do you communicate with the robots while they are in space?

4. When a rover lands, how long does it last on a planetary surface? How long does a robot live?

5.Will the robots replace the astronauts?

2. That's a hard question to answer, but if any of us had to take our best guess we think perhaps 50 years or more. Since we have only begun to send robots to Mars (the first being the Mars Pathfinder mission), I think we need to collect as much information as possible about Mars before we start sending humans to Mars.

3.We use radio waves. When talking to the probes, we can use powerful transmitters on the ground to send out our messages. However, the transmitters on the probes are very weak, so we have to use the huge antennae of the Deep Space Network to listen. 

4.The lifetime of a robot is highly dependent on its design. The Viking landers were functional for several years. Pathfinder and Sojourner only operated for about 3 months. The Mars Exploration Rovers should have a minimum lifetime of about 90 days. 

5. Rovers going to Mars are doing that right now. Rovers are the "robotic field geologists" that can move across the surface of Mars to acquire measurements, images, and other data to send back to Earth. Since robots are easier and safer to send, they are doing the early work to help us learn how we might one day send human astronauts.

The next 2 articles deal about how NASA uses the robotic technology. The ppt on robotic surgery tells how important robots will turn into in the coming future. The final article is about the applications of this technology in various fields which makes a man's work easier.

yes or no

2.why is it that scientists support advancement in technology and many other critics dont?

what according to you is right why?

3.what do you think a robot must posess?

astrength

b.intelligence

c.well built structure

d.others

4.If 2 countries indulge in a war, a lot of destruction will take place which may involve loss of lives, due to the present technology . Dont you think the government should make the research in robotic advancement illegal?

yes/no ...why?

5.Do you think robots are better in medical field or in military??

why?

6.Robot technology can be used in many fields 

but it has many pros and cons .what do you think , is it better use them in all field or only in few ?

2.ergonomic-designed for comfort or to minimize fatigue.

3.anthrax-an acute infectious bacterial disease of herbivores.

4. invasive-that invades a foreign country using military force.

5.plausible-seemingly or apparently valid, likely or acceptable

6.CANONICAL-OF OR RELATING TO GROUP OF BOOKS,PLAYS,POEMS,ETC,THHAT ARE CONSIDERED IMPORTANT