3MBIO7 Isaguirre&Parfan PlantArea Palawan by Kate Parfan https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea All about plant development! en-us 2021-05-23 09:49:02 UTC 2026-01-30 22:31:49 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f33a.png katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551229860 Nothing is permanent, and with global warming, deforestation, and other environmental threats on the rise, it has become ever more evident that our surroundings can succumb to these issues even when we least expect it. ]]> 2021-05-23 11:05:33 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551229860 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551234623 Plants have been a constant companion to human beings, providing food, shelter, and all the necessities for human life. ]]> 2021-05-23 11:12:24 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551234623 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551236307 As such, if certain species of plants are threatened – or if all of plant life is put in danger – humans would face life-threatening consequences.]]> 2021-05-23 11:14:35 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551236307 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551240879 2021-05-23 11:20:54 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551240879 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551241955 2021-05-23 11:21:57 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551241955 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551243577 Seed banks provide us with a "Plan B". 
If the ecosystem changes, conservation efforts fail, or unprecedented disasters occur, the genomic data stored in these facilities can save plant species from extinction.]]> 2021-05-23 11:24:15 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551243577 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551247277 The value of this "Plan B" has already been felt in Aleppo, where the war destroyed the existing gene bank. The seeds stored in the Svalbard Seed Vault allowed scientists to re-establish a new one! ]]> 2021-05-23 11:28:48 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551247277 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551272557 The seed is known as the dispersal unit for plants. It must be able to survive from seed maturation to the next generation as a seedling, after germination. ]]> 2021-05-23 12:01:49 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551272557 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551272994 For this, the seed typically maintains a dry state, and must be equipped to sustain long periods of sometimes unfavourable conditions. Thus, the seed enters a state of dormancy. ]]> 2021-05-23 12:02:27 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551272994 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551273294 Seed dormancy enables the seeds to overcome these unfavorable periods. This makes it an indispensable factor of agriculture and ecology.]]> 2021-05-23 12:02:54 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551273294 Primary Dormancy katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551290608 2021-05-23 12:25:19 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551290608 Secondary Dormancy katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551290720 2021-05-23 12:25:28 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551290720 Coat-imposed dormancy katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551293920 2021-05-23 12:29:34 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551293920 Water impermeability katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551300180 Different factors inhibit the water from entering the seed; some of these factors are suberized layers, palisade layers, and waxy cuticles that combine preventing penetration. The solution for this is chemical or mechanical scarification. ]]> 2021-05-23 12:37:44 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551300180 Mechanical Constraint katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551300300 This occurs when the endosperm and/or the seed coat is too rigid for the radicle to be able to penetrate. This is usually caused by lignification. A solution for this is enzyme for cell wall-degradation. ]]> 2021-05-23 12:37:54 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551300300 Interference with gas exchange katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551300453 The seed coat limits the oxygen reaching the embryo, therefore, inducing dormancy. In some cases, the seed coat consumes a high amount of oxygen, decreasing the amount of oxygen for the embryo. ]]> 2021-05-23 12:38:08 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551300453 Retention of inhibitors katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551304436 This happens when the seed coat prevents the efflux of growth inhibitors from within the seed, thus, preventing germination. ]]> 2021-05-23 12:42:53 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551304436 Embryo dormancy katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551325933 2021-05-23 13:09:19 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551325933 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551331073 2021-05-23 13:15:07 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551331073 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551332621 2021-05-23 13:16:45 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551332621 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551333938 2021-05-23 13:18:16 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551333938 Light katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551335063 2021-05-23 13:19:36 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551335063 Stratification katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551335415 2021-05-23 13:20:01 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551335415 After-ripening katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551335659 2021-05-23 13:20:13 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551335659 Chemicals katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551335979 2021-05-23 13:20:38 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551335979 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551358100 2021-05-23 13:45:22 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551358100 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551358763 2021-05-23 13:46:06 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551358763 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551359460 2021-05-23 13:46:53 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551359460 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551360073 2021-05-23 13:47:31 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551360073 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551361072 2021-05-23 13:48:44 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551361072 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551361694 2021-05-23 13:49:26 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551361694 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551362752 2021-05-23 13:50:37 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551362752 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551362872 2021-05-23 13:50:47 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551362872 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551366175 2021-05-23 13:54:37 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551366175 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551366288 2021-05-23 13:54:45 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551366288 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551374621 2021-05-23 14:03:59 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551374621 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551376049 2021-05-23 14:05:35 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551376049 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551377628 2021-05-23 14:07:10 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551377628 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551395247 2021-05-23 14:25:23 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551395247 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551396573 2021-05-23 14:26:50 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551396573 What is it? katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551615499 2021-05-23 17:56:01 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551615499 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551615699 The apical basal axis is an example of polarity in plants: the tissues and organs are arranged along the axis that extends from the shoot to the root apical meristems.]]> 2021-05-23 17:56:12 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551615699 What is it? katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551618934 2021-05-23 17:59:28 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551618934 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551619471 Similar to the apical-basal axis, the radial axis features polarity within the plant. However, this axis lies perpendicular to the apical-basal axis and extends from the center outward.]]> 2021-05-23 18:00:01 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551619471 "Embryos become progressively more polarized throughout their development along the two axes" katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551626085 2021-05-23 18:05:36 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551626085 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551635241 2021-05-23 18:14:07 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551635241 chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551782617 In water imbibition, the water potential gradient powers the water uptake in the plant. The causes of these gradients differ from phase I to III. The Matric Potential generates the water potential gradient. It develops from the binding of the water onto surfaces that are solid.]]> 2021-05-23 20:32:06 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551782617 chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551782750 During this phase, the different biological and physiological processes are reactivated, inducing germination of the plant. In this phase, the radicle emerges out of the seed. ]]> 2021-05-23 20:32:15 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1551782750 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1552506578 Primary dormancy is the condition that is established in the seed that inhibits it from germinating during dispersal (Bujis, 2020).]]> 2021-05-24 03:52:00 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1552506578 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1552508849 Secondary dormancy occurs when the seed is exposed to conditions that are unfavorable, blocking germination and inducing dormancy (Bujis, 2020). ]]> 2021-05-24 03:53:18 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1552508849 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1552509946 Coat-imposed dormancy is dormancy caused by the impermeability of the hard seed coat, lacking resources or enzymes for germination (Tiryaki & Topu, 2014).]]> 2021-05-24 03:53:54 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1552509946 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1552511063 Embryo dormancy is caused by inhibitors present in the tissue of the embryo (like ABA) or the absence of enzymes for growth in the embryo (Kozlowski & Pallardy, 1997)]]> 2021-05-24 03:54:37 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1552511063 chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556661340 During phase II the uptake of water reduces until the gradient of water potential is established again. This is considered as the lag phase.]]> 2021-05-25 07:05:11 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556661340 chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556665430 During phase III the uptake of water increases. This is caused by the expansion of the cell and the loosening of the cell walls. ]]> 2021-05-25 07:06:48 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556665430 chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556693187 ABA inhibits the cell wall from loosening, thus, also reducing the growth potential of the embryo. A decrease of ABA during this phase influences the phenomenon of germination to occur.]]> 2021-05-25 07:17:09 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556693187 chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556721072 food reserves like protein, starch, and lipid are being stored in the plant's endosperm or cotyledon.]]> 2021-05-25 07:28:31 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556721072 chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556733788 The Aleurone layer of the endosperm secretes amylase. This breaks down the stored food in the endosperm cells. The resulting amino acids and sugar products are transferred to the different parts of the plant; such as the hypocotyl, radicle, and epicotyl (Ali & Elozeiri, 2017). ]]> 2021-05-25 07:33:28 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556733788 chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556742092 Gibberellic Acid is essential in the initiation of the synthesis for the hydrolyzing enzymes. (Ali & Elozeiri, 2017)]]> 2021-05-25 07:37:09 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556742092 chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556757958 During this phase, the cells of the embryo are growing in size and are metabolically active. ]]> 2021-05-25 07:44:03 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556757958 chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556803801 When the seed is establishing itself, different factors like light and gravity influence the growth of the plant. Tropism is the response of the plant to the stimuli in the environment. This could be positive or negative. ]]> 2021-05-25 08:03:31 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556803801 Gravitropism chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556807909 is the growth of the plant in response to gravity.]]> 2021-05-25 08:05:38 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556807909 Phototropism chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556809382 is the growth of the plant in response to light.]]> 2021-05-25 08:06:21 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556809382 Thigmotropism chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556810320 is the growth of the plant in response to touch.]]> 2021-05-25 08:06:51 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556810320 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556826383 The diagram above illustrates how the apical-basal axis is established and maintained from the zygote to the seedling. The zygote shows the earliest appearance of apical-basal polarity: the apical portion is cytoplasmic, while the basal portion contains a large vacuole. As the cell divides, this polarity results in a shorter apical cell that is cytoplasmically denser than the longer, vacuolated basal cell. ]]> 2021-05-25 08:15:05 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556826383 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556897127 The embryo itself will mostly develop from the apical cell (developing further through periclinal and anticlinal divisions), while the basal cell could produce the suspensor (through transverse divisions) and the hypophysis (uppermost; incorporated into the embryo)]]> 2021-05-25 08:50:01 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556897127 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556927871 2021-05-25 09:04:42 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556927871 Gurke katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556982897 Gurke functions by encoding an acetyl-CoA carboxylase. This enzyme is important in the apical area, playing a role in the patterning of this portion. ]]> 2021-05-25 09:35:53 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556982897 Fackel katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556987763 Fackel encodes a sterol C-14 reductase. Mutants are effected at the central portion: issues in the cotyledons, shorter hypocotyls and roots, and multiple meristems (shoot and root) are seen.]]> 2021-05-25 09:38:29 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556987763 Monopteros katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556993010 Monopteros encodes an auxin response transcription factor (ARF) and functions in the basal portion, specifically the root and the hypocotyl. ]]> 2021-05-25 09:41:29 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556993010 Gnom katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556995457 Gnom encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, which facilitates the directional transport of auxin via PIN auxin efflux carriers.]]> 2021-05-25 09:42:53 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1556995457 Zygotic Stage chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1557034992 The first stage of embryogenesis wherein the sperm and the haploid egg fuse to form the zygote. This cell gives rise to an elongated basal cell and apical cell.]]> 2021-05-25 10:02:16 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1557034992 Globular Stage chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1557040238 The apical cell divides to create a spherical 8-cell globular embryo that is radially symmetrical. Cell number increases with cell division, and a protoderm (becomes epidermis) is created.]]> 2021-05-25 10:05:24 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1557040238 Heart Stage chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1557048315 Cell division on each side of the future shoot apical meristem, forming 2 cotyledons and creating bilateral symmetry. ]]> 2021-05-25 10:10:21 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1557048315 Torpedo Stage chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1557051876 Cellular differentiation and cell elongation occurs. Also, a distinction between adaxial and abaxial tissues of the cotyledon becomes visible. ]]> 2021-05-25 10:12:25 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1557051876 Mature Stage chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1557055848 The seed and embryo loses water and become metabolically inactive, inducing seed dormancy. Storage compounds are accumulated within the cells. ]]> 2021-05-25 10:15:00 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1557055848 chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1557061168 Embryogenesis in monocots occur similarly as that of the eudicots. Some differences observed are the embryo shape, size, division patterns, and cell numbers. However, the procedure is mostly common. Polarity of the cells is a common occurrence in the embryogenesis of monocots and eudicots. ]]> 2021-05-25 10:18:10 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1557061168 chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1557067658 Embryos become more polarized along 2 axes: the Apical Basal axis and Radial axis]]> 2021-05-25 10:21:52 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1557067658 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1558971086 2021-05-25 19:01:28 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1558971086 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1558982444 The diagram above illustrates the radial axis patterning events in the embryogenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana. The globular embryo shows the earliest appearance of radial polarity: the outermost portion is the protoderm, which develops into the epidermis; below this is the future ground tissue, which develops into the cortex or the endodermis; and the innermost portion is the procambium, which generates vascular tissues. As the cell divides, this polarity results in a shorter apical cell that is cytoplasmically denser than the longer, vacuolated basal cell. ]]> 2021-05-25 19:04:43 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1558982444 ATML1 and PDF2 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1558997037 Encodes homeodomain transcription factors that promotes superficially postioned cells to become epidermal cells. Mutants display mesophyll characteristics.]]> 2021-05-25 19:09:14 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1558997037 WOL (CRE1) katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1559009492 Encodes receptors for cytokinin. Thus, it establishes radial pattern elements. Mutants produce precursors for xylem but not phloem,]]> 2021-05-25 19:12:10 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1559009492 SCR and SHR katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1559015808 SCR functions in the formation of cortex and endoderm layers. Mutants do not have the layers that give rise to cortex and endoderm; the layer has characteristics of both but simply cannot separate. In addition to these issues, SHR mutants also have issues in coding for the epidermis.]]> 2021-05-25 19:14:09 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1559015808 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1559901546 Auxin is a chemical signal vital to embryogenesis. It is the only polarly transported hormone and elicits concentration-dependent responses. Auxin maintains polarity and activates a transcription factor encoded by monopteros. In monopteros, auxin triggers the targeted degradation of IAA/AUX repressor proteins. This allows ARFs to interact with target genes since ARFs must be in the presence of auxin in order to transcribe these specific genes. Moreover, the polar distribution of PIN auxin efflux proteins is established by GNOM.]]> 2021-05-26 01:58:12 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1559901546 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1559972114 This method is for photoblastic seeds, those that require light in order to germinate. It is dependent on phytochrome, the primary sensor for light regulated germination that senses red light.]]> 2021-05-26 02:28:55 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1559972114 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1559980180 Light exposure allows the radicle to penetrate the endosperm through weakening of the micropylar region.]]> 2021-05-26 02:32:13 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1559980180 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1559984499 Stratification is another word for chilling. In this practice, the dormant seeds are overwintered in layers of soil or moist sand. In modern times, however, A refrigerator is sufficient. ]]> 2021-05-26 02:33:59 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1559984499 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1559990081 It also has an added benefit!! The plants are able to synchronize germination and mature at the same time. This is especially useful in agriculture.]]> 2021-05-26 02:36:20 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1559990081 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1560067211 After-ripeing is the period where seeds are kept in dry storage at room temperature. This can last for a variety of time periods (weeks to years). ]]> 2021-05-26 03:11:06 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1560067211 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1560071845 The high temperatures during summer trigger after-ripening germinatonfor winter annuals in the wild.  The reverse is true for summer annuals.]]> 2021-05-26 03:13:29 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1560071845 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1560073470 Chemical compounds that can break seed dormancy include s respiratory inhibitors, sulfhydryl compounds, oxidants, and nitrogenous compounds.]]> 2021-05-26 03:14:20 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1560073470 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1560076089 Although the most important of these is nitrate, all function by down-regulating ABA signaling/synthesis and upregulating gibberellin.]]> 2021-05-26 03:15:46 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1560076089 chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1560878495 A seed bank is where seeds are being stored in order to preserve genetic diversity for the future. ]]> 2021-05-26 10:15:53 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1560878495 chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1560880448 The seed banks are usually bomb-, flood,- and radiation-proof that contain boxes of seeds of different plant species from different countries around the world.]]> 2021-05-26 10:16:55 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1560880448 chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1560882757 It is usually kept in cold conditions and at low humidity, which aid in preserving the seeds.]]> 2021-05-26 10:18:35 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1560882757 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561150122 2021-05-26 12:41:44 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561150122 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561150584 2021-05-26 12:41:53 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561150584 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561151503 2021-05-26 12:42:11 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561151503 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561153470 2021-05-26 12:42:49 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561153470 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561172302 2021-05-26 12:48:50 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561172302 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561295670 2021-05-26 13:22:12 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561295670 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561296271 2021-05-26 13:22:22 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561296271 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561405231 2021-05-26 13:48:15 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561405231 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561408778 2021-05-26 13:49:06 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561408778 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561409641 2021-05-26 13:49:20 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561409641 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561410733 2021-05-26 13:49:37 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561410733 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561411515 2021-05-26 13:49:48 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561411515 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561412167 2021-05-26 13:49:57 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561412167 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561414038 2021-05-26 13:50:21 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561414038 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561414766 2021-05-26 13:50:31 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561414766 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561415351 2021-05-26 13:50:39 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561415351 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561581716 2021-05-26 14:28:47 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561581716 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561583877 2021-05-26 14:29:19 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561583877 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561666463 2021-05-26 14:49:14 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561666463 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561673375 2021-05-26 14:50:50 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561673375 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561673995 2021-05-26 14:50:59 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561673995 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561725873 2021-05-26 15:03:33 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561725873 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561726862 2021-05-26 15:03:48 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561726862 REFERENCES chloee_isaguirre https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561736487 Ali, A. S., & Elozeiri, A. A. (2017). Metabolic processes during seed germination. Advances in Seed Biology, 141-166.

Bentsink, L., & Koornneef, M. (2008). Seed dormancy and germination. The Arabidopsis Book/American Society of Plant Biologists, 6.

Buijs, G. (2020). A Perspective on Secondary Seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants, 9(6), 749.

Kozlowski, T. T., & Pallardy, S. G. (1997). Growth control in woody plants. Elsevier.

Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I. M., & Murphy, A. (2015). Plant physiology and development (No. Ed. 6). Sinauer Associates Incorporated.

Tiryaki, I., & Topu, M. (2014). A novel method to overcome coat-imposed seed dormancy in Lupinus albus L. and Trifolium pratense L. Journal of Botany.
]]> 2021-05-26 15:06:09 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561736487 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561741846 2021-05-26 15:07:23 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561741846 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561798845 2021-05-26 15:21:08 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561798845 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561799364 2021-05-26 15:21:16 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561799364 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561799924 2021-05-26 15:21:24 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561799924 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561800443 2021-05-26 15:21:32 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561800443 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561819442 2021-05-26 15:25:51 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561819442 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561820348 2021-05-26 15:25:58 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561820348 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561822445 2021-05-26 15:26:19 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561822445 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561823150 2021-05-26 15:26:28 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561823150 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561859584 2021-05-26 15:35:01 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561859584 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561877145 2021-05-26 15:39:13 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561877145 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561882230 2021-05-26 15:40:22 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561882230 katelyle_parfan_sci https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561883041 2021-05-26 15:40:34 UTC https://padlet.com/katelyle_parfan_sci/katenchloplantarea/wish/1561883041