Forming heterogeneous groups: Create groups with diverse skills, knowledge, and backgrounds to enrich discussions and propose solutions.

Establishing clear roles: Assign specific responsibilities within the group to ensure the active participation of all members.

Designing meaningful tasks: Activities should be challenging and relevant, promoting critical thinking and problem-solving.

Introduce group or peer work early in the semester to set clear student expectations.

Establish ground rules  for participation and contributions.

Plan for each stage of group work.

Carefully explain to your students how groups or peer discussion will operate and how students will be graded.

Help students develop the skills they need to succeed, such as using team-building exercises or introducing self-reflection techniques.

Consider using written contracts.

Incorporate  self -assessment and  peer  assessment for group members to evaluate their own and others' contributions.