• most did not find gold
• mostly men
• Chinese immigrants
• pan for gold... then big companies came in and took over):

• religion
  • catholics v. protestants
• language
  • english v. spanish
• slavery
  • mex had abolished slavery already
• govt
  • dictatorship v. democracy

• Americans rebelled

• 54/40 or fight

• house divided speech

"A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free."

1. Georgia 
2. Florida
3. Alabama
4. Mississippi
5. Louisiana
6. Texas

• higher population
• more industrialized
• higher production rate and food

• only had to defend, not invade
• better military leader Lee
• total commitment fighting spirit

• couldnt replace loss
• south would never invade the north again

• civilian casualties

• able to do this b/c slaves considered contraband

• rich man's war, poor man's fight

• curfews
• inability to move
• had to work for whites and in ag. (sharecropping)
• cant carry guns
• can't trade

• tenure of office act 

Provided, That, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted.

Our hearts sicken at the atrocities perpetrated daily upon the innocent and unoffending.-Ossawattamie has been laid in ashes, every house burned, and four of our men killed.-The gallant Brown, while searching after his saddle, was shot dead in the street. Fifty Ossawattamie families shelterless, are now living in their wagons in the woods, endeavoring to escape these fiends in human form-Heaven and Elijah's ravens to feed them! This was a beautiful town, about the size, I think, of Lawrence. Jude Wakefield's house and four of his neighbor's were burnt night before last. The ruffians have burnt every Free State man's house in Leavenworth, pressed the men into their service, at the peril of their lives, driven the women and children, with just the clothes on their backs, into the boats and sent them down the River.