Astha Prajapati (100961993)

Hemanshi Radadiya (100972847)

This happens when emotions like fear or hope are used to make something seem true even if there’s no solid proof.

Connection:

Appealing to emotions can cloud our ability to use critical thinking. Instead of asking for facts or using the scientific method people may rely on anecdotes that sound touching. Without realizing it we ignore how important it is to evaluate the evidence and define the claim clearly. This kind of emotional pull can also lead to group-think where we just follow what others feelings instead of thinking it through. A reputable source would focus on real data not just feelings.

Many pseudoscience claims are tied to selling products or services and making money is more important than truth.

Connection:

These types of claims usually lack demonstrable validity there’s no proof they work. When we do not evaluate the source it is easy to get fooled especially if we do not recognize bias. People may be drawn in because they haven’t practiced skepticism or used the critical thinking process. It is a good reminder to ask who’s benefiting from this claim financially.

Pseudoscientific ideas often stay the same over time and do not change when new evidence appears

Connection:

Real science moves forward and updates based on new findings. But pseudoscience ignores that part of the scientific method. Believers may skip evaluating evidence or draw the same conclusion no matter what discovered. This shows a distorted view of truth where they hold on to outdated ideas. Using critical thinking helps us see when something just refuses to evolve.

Some people think somethings must work just because it's been around for a long time.

Connection:

We often forget to evaluate the source when we hear phrases like used for centuries. But being old does not mean it is true. Believing this way skip over critical thinking and ignores steps like summary and testing ideas using the scientific method. It’s also a sign of lack of practice with thinking things through.

This is when people think two thing that happen at same time are connect even tho they are not.

Connection:

Just because A and B happen together does not mean A caused B. Good critical thinking involves taking a step back to define the claim and evaluate evidence. People often jump to the wrong conclusion because they forget to ask Is this just coincidence? practicing skepticism helps stop that.

Sometimes people believe things just because it matches what they already believe politically or personally.

Connection:

This is a huge sign of recognize bias. Instead of looking at the facts people filter out anything that does not match their views. That is how they build a distorted view of truth. A reputable source should challenge beliefs not just support them. When we skip the steps in the critical thinking process like evaluating the source we fall into this trap. It also makes us reject anything that might debunk our opinion.

This is when people claim there is some invisible energy that can heal or affect things but they do not have proof.

Connection:

These claims sound cool but have no demonstrable validity. If people do not evaluate evidence they may believe anything that feels magical. This can also tie into agenticity where people think forces are behind everything. Without the scientific method it is impossible to show that these energies are real and it leads to confusion due to lack of practice in critical thinking.

Using big words and long explanations to make something sound smart hoping no one questions it.

Connection:

This trick works because people may not understand the words and assume it is correct. That’s why critical thinking is so important. It helps us recognize bias and not fall into group-think just because others accept it. This also blocks us from seeing a real summary or evaluating the source properly. The goal is to confuse people not to explain them.

This is when we assume that things happen because someone or something is behind it even if it is not true.

Connection:

We all like to find patterns or someone to blame but this often skips important steps like defining the claim or evaluating evidence. When we believe everything happens for a reason it blocks skepticism and keeps us from reaching a logical conclusion.

People love complex answer even when the real answer is complex.

Connection:

This makes us skip the steps in the critical thinking process like evaluate the source or ask deeper questions. It can lead to a wrong conclusion especially if we are not practicing skepticism. This is a barrier to critical thinking specially when we want something easy instead of something true.

Just because something has not been explained yet people use that as proof for their belief.

Connection:

The truth is science does not always have every answer right away. But saying we do not know yet is different from saying it must be aliens. If we do not use the scientific method or evaluate the evidence we risk believing in nonsense. People often rely on anecdotes or skip the step where we ask Is this a reputable source?

Believing something just because we saw or felt it ourselves even if it is not true.

Connection:

Our senses can fool us specially when we are not practicing skepticism. People might skip evaluating evidence and rely only on what they saw. This leads to a distorted view of truth and shows lack of practice with critical thinking. Just because it felt real does not mean it is real.