1. autonomy and right to self-determination; 
2. beneficence and nonmaleficence; 
3. disclosure and right to knowledge; and 
4. veracity.

- More than 250,000 preventable patient deaths may happen each year in U.S. hospitals alone (Sorrell, 2017)           - Up to one-third of patients are unintentionally harmed during a hospital stay (James, 2013)             - Preventable medical harm ranks as the 3rd leading cause of death in the U.S. (Makary & Daniel, 2016)
*Video: Every mistake has a face, every error is a person.

1. Right Patient
2. Right Medication
3. Right Time
4. Right Dose
5. Right Route

1. Smart Pumps
2. Automated dispensing
3. Barcoding of medication
4. Eletronic medication reconciliation

• improves communication between clinicians
• Reduces human errors and adverse events
• knowledge more accessible to clinicians
• Provides feedback
• Tracks performance
• provides access to information
• increases patient-centered care
• Electronic Medical Records

• EMRs are replacing outdated paper records. Nurses and technicians are responsible for inputting patient data into a central, digitized system. Medical billers and coders appointments update patient records with diagnostic codes (such as test results) and submit medical claims to insurance companies. EMRs lead to greater patient care by automatically alerting if the patient has a certain allergy or intolerance to a certain medication. This is not only beneficial to health care workers, but medical billers now have the ease of entering data into a computerized system which is much less time consuming and reduces the risk of errors in patient data or financial details. “According to a study from the University of Michigan, shifting from paper to electronic health records reduced the cost of outpatient care by 3%. These researchers estimated this as $5.14 in savings per patient each month. In a large city hospital network, that amount is incalculable.” (Banova 2019)

• Telemedicine is a two-way video consultation. It allows patients to be diagnosed without leaving their home. 
• Telemedicine helps patients to have shorter wait times, access to healthcare in rural areas, and improved efficiency of patient care. 
• It also enhances patient engagement and satisfaction by making it easier for patients to stay healthy and involved in their healthcare. 
• It is proven that patients love the convenience, flexibility, and real-time care with their providers.

• Portable monitors have many benefits. They allow nurses to check up/ monitor patients even if they are on the move by monitoring ECG, respirations, heart rate, and oxygen saturations or when they are at risk for falls or being unsafe. This helps patients to constantly be monitored from anywhere in the hospital and alerts/ alarms can be sent to nurses.

• These devices help remove the risk of human error. They allow for faster record keeping and allow consistent monitoring of the patient’s status. An example is the “Steth IO Smartphone Stethoscope.” This app allows healthcare workers to use their smartphone to get breath sounds and see heart rates. This is especially beneficial in the pediatric population as a smartphone is less intimidating. It also gives these healthcare workers the access to a full range of information and tracking of medical needs.

• Airmail is a system used in some hospitals that allow nurses to send a short text page to a physician. This is beneficial as it gives the provider an idea of what you’re needing in case they are unable to return a phone page.