Map by Hazel Lee

Algeria

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 18:47:52 UTC

Owned by French

Morocco

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 18:49:21 UTC

Owned by French

Chad

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 18:50:41 UTC

Owned by French

Benin

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 18:52:48 UTC

Owned by French

Côte d'Ivoire

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 18:53:10 UTC

Owned by French

Guinea

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 18:53:33 UTC

Owned by French

Senegal

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 18:54:11 UTC

Owned by French

Mauritania

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 18:55:06 UTC

Owned by French

Mali

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 18:55:25 UTC

Owned by French

Niger

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 18:56:04 UTC

Owned by French

Gabon

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 18:56:56 UTC

Owned by French

Republic of the Congo

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 18:59:25 UTC

Owned by French

Madagascar

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 18:59:37 UTC

Owned by French

Egypt

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 19:00:13 UTC

Owned By Britain

Sierra Leone

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 19:00:44 UTC

Owned By Britain

Ghana

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 19:00:58 UTC

Owned By Britain

Burkina Faso

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 19:01:20 UTC

Owned By French

Nigeria

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 19:01:31 UTC

Owned By Britain

Sudan

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 19:01:54 UTC

Owned By Britain

South Sudan

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 19:02:05 UTC

Owned By Britain

Uganda

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 19:02:19 UTC

Owned By Britain

Kenya

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 19:02:33 UTC

Owned By Britain

Djibouti

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 19:02:53 UTC

Owned By Britain

Cameroon

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 19:03:45 UTC

Owned By Germany

Libya

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 19:04:07 UTC

Owned By Italy

Angola

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 19:04:32 UTC

Owned By Portuguese

Democratic Republic of the Congo

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 19:05:38 UTC

Owned By Belgian

Western Sahara

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 19:06:05 UTC

Owned By Spain

Ethiopia

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 19:06:29 UTC

Independent

Congo

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 19:07:01 UTC

Timber and Rubber

Berlin, Germany

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 19:07:37 UTC

At the Berlin Conference they sought to: (1) discuss the partitioning of Africa, (2) establish rules to amicably divide resources among the Western countries at the expense of the African people. Of these fourteen nations at the Berlin Conference, France, Germany, Great Britain, and Portugal were the major players. Notably missing were any representatives from Africa. One of the tasks of this conference was (3) for each European country that claimed possession over a part of Africa to bring “civilization,” in the form of Christianity, as well as trade

India

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-25 19:09:12 UTC

Opium

Belgium

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-27 18:48:46 UTC

Congo had an abundance of rubber, and the rubber industry was growing because of the growing automobile industry. Belgium managed to gain control of Congo and exploited its people to meet impossible quotas. To make sure they didn't rebel, Belgium would hold women and children captive.

(27.00391711505432, 124.33720932694042)

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-27 18:52:00 UTC

Goods including Opium moved from India to China over sea

Opium Wars

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-27 18:57:46 UTC

The British had lost a lot of money in the Revolutionary War and needed a new way of making money, so they decided to try and conquer China due to their abundant resources. Before this, China had been trading with the British, but the British didn't have anything to trade back besides silver, so the British used opium. Opium eventually was banned due to its addictive nature. In 1942, the Treaty of Nanking was written, and China was forced to hand over Hong Kong to Britain, pay an indemnity of 21 million, and open 5 treaty ports.

British Sphere

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-27 19:00:07 UTC

Japan Sphere

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-27 19:01:06 UTC

British Sphere

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-27 19:01:31 UTC

German Sphere

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-27 19:01:56 UTC

Russian Sphere

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-27 19:02:25 UTC

French Sphere

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-27 19:02:57 UTC

Hong Kong

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-27 19:03:42 UTC

Controlled by Britain

Burma

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-27 19:04:16 UTC

Controlled by Britain

Cambodia

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-27 19:04:38 UTC

Controlled by France.

Laos

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-27 19:04:50 UTC

Controlled by France.

Vietnam

hlee27_10 — 2025-02-27 19:05:04 UTC

Controlled by France.

India

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-03 18:50:22 UTC

The British East Indian Company influenced the colonization of India because the company forced indians to buy their goods only, which negatively affected the economy of India.

India

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-03 18:52:45 UTC

The Sepoy Rebellion, also known as India’s First War of Independence and the Indian Rebellion of 1857, was a revolt of soldiers employed by the British East India Company against the Company. The immediate cause for the revolt was the introduction of the new rifle to the British Indian Army. A rumor spread among the sepoys that the grease used to lubricate the cartridges was a mixture of pigs’ and cows’ lard. This was a problem because it was a violation of Hindu and Muslim religious practices. There is no conclusive evidence that either of these materials was actually used on any of the cartridges in question. However, the perception that the cartridges were tainted added to the larger suspicion that the British were trying to undermine Indian traditional society. Disrespected, the soldiers reacted by arming themselves against their commanders, killing many of them, and taking control of military compounds and weapons. At first, the sepoys successfully took control of a number of Indian cities including Delhi, but their lack of organization and lack of widespread support in the face of the British colonial system was not enough to retain control of India and drive out the colonizers.

Sino-Japanese War, 1894-1895.

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-03 18:54:38 UTC

The First Sino-Japanese War, was a conflict between Japan and China in 1894–95 that marked the emergence of Japan as a major world power and demonstrated the weakness of the Chinese empire. The war grew out of conflict between the two countries for supremacy in Korea. Korea had long been China’s most important client state, but its strategic location opposite the Japanese islands and its natural resources of coal and iron attracted Japan’s interest. In 1875, Japan, which had begun to adopt Western technology, forced Korea to open itself to foreign, especially Japanese, trade and to declare itself independent from China in its foreign relations.

War was declared on August 1, 1894. By March 1895 the Japanese had successfully invaded Shandong province and Manchuria and had fortified posts that commanded the sea approaches to Beijing. The Chinese sued for peace.

Spanish- American War

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-03 18:56:31 UTC

Spain declared war on the United States on April 24, followed by a U.S. declaration of war on the 25th, which was made retroactive to April 21. The U.S. then seized the opportunity to kick Spain out of the Philippines.

Spanish-American War

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-03 18:56:55 UTC

The Spanish-American War was an 1898 conflict between the United States and Spain that ended Spanish colonial rule in the Americas and resulted in U.S. acquisition of territories in the western Pacific and Latin America.

Guam

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-03 18:59:12 UTC

The Treaty of Paris ending the Spanish-American War was signed on December 10, 1898. In it, Spain renounced all claim to Cuba, ceded Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States, and transferred sovereignty over the Philippines to the United States for $20 million.

Puerto Rico

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-03 18:59:18 UTC

The Treaty of Paris ending the Spanish-American War was signed on December 10, 1898. In it, Spain renounced all claim to Cuba, ceded Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States and transferred sovereignty over the Philippines to the United States for $20 million.

Asante Kingdom

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-03 19:00:08 UTC

To inspire the leaders of her community, Asantewaa proclaimed that if the men of the kingdom would not defend the people, then the women would rise to the challenge. This both invigorated the men and challenged traditional gender roles. She led the rebellion and became an image of strength and resistance.

Irish potato famine

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-03 19:04:54 UTC

About a million of these laborers migrated to Britain, many others moved to North America. Throughout the Famine years, nearly a million Irish arrived in the United States. Famine immigrants were the first big wave of poor refugees ever to arrive in the U.S. and Americans were simply overwhelmed. Upon arrival in America, the Irish found the going to be quite tough. With no one to help them, they immediately settled into the lowest rung of society and waged a daily battle for survival.

Civil War + Famine

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-03 19:05:40 UTC

The first major waves of Chinese immigrants came to the U.S. after hearing of the “Golden Mountain” when California’s Gold Rush began in 1848. Civil war and famine back home in southern China, where most of the first immigrants were from, propelled them on as well, so that they could work in the U.S. and send money to families back home. In steamships, they arrived in San Francisco’s harbor, where the first Chinatown was founded.

Gold Rush + Chinatown

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-03 19:06:25 UTC

The Chinese immigrants, almost 95% male, also worked on the Transcontinental Railroad in the late 1800’s. By agreeing to lower-paying wages than other workers, and by enduring the rough and dangerous working conditions, they were largely responsible for laying down the tracks for the western railways, in one of the greatest engineering feats of the 19th century. It was completed in 1868, at a breakneck pace. Along the way, in frontier communities that sprung up, Chinese men began selling food and doing menial services, work traditionally done by women in that era. Setting up makeshift restaurants, providing care for children, and laundering became flourishing businesses.

Chinese Exclusion Act

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-03 19:07:48 UTC

The Chinese Exclusion Act in the United States, suspended Chinese immigration for ten years starting in 1882, but continued to renew anti-Chinese restrictions beyond 1892, well into the 1900s.

White Australia Policy

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-03 19:08:39 UTC

The White Australia Policy, enshrined in a number of official measures, including the Immigration Restriction Act of 1901. These laws were intended to give every possible advantage to white immigrants from Great Britain, as opposed to potential arrivals from China, the Pacific islands, and continental Europe, all seeking jobs in Australian mines or on sugar plantations.

Abolition of Slavery

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-03 19:09:09 UTC

Caribbean

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-03 19:09:39 UTC

While Indian coolies were mainly transported inside British colonies, 250,000 to 500,000 Chinese coolies were imported from 1847-1874 to various British, French, Dutch and Spanish colonies in the Americas, Africa and Southeast Asia.

Nationalist Movements in the Balkans

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-03 19:11:06 UTC

By the early 19th century, the Ottoman Empire was losing its hold on its remaining European territories in the Balkan Peninsula.

Peru

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-10 00:54:38 UTC

Tupac Amaru II was born around 1740, he continued to identify with his Inca heritage despite having received a formal Jesuit education. In 1780, he arrested and executed a colonial administrator, charging him with cruelty. This led to the last general Indian revolt against Spain, which was initially supported by some criollos (Spaniards born in the Americas). The revolt spread throughout southern Peru and into Bolivia and Argentina before Tupac Amaru II and his family were captured in March 1781.

South Africa

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-10 00:56:10 UTC

The Xhosa would kill their cattle and destroy their crops in hope that these actions would cause spirits to remove the British settlers from their lands

Guano Fertilizer

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-10 00:57:32 UTC

Cotton

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-10 00:58:01 UTC

Cotton

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-10 00:58:19 UTC

Palm Oil Production

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-10 00:58:54 UTC

Palm Oil Production

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-10 00:59:24 UTC

Ivory

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-10 01:00:35 UTC

South Africa

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-10 01:02:29 UTC

Rhodes acquired some of the De Beers mining claims and formed the De Beers Mining Company, which accounted for 90 percent of the world’s diamond production.

Suez Canal, Egypt

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-10 01:05:10 UTC

Europeans hoped to shorten the water route to Asia by building a canal connecting the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea. The canal was finished in 1869. A French company managed the project, but most of the labor was performed by as many as 1.5 million Egyptians.

Panama Canal

hlee27_10 — 2025-03-10 01:08:00 UTC

In the 1880s, the United States commenced building a canal across a 50-mile stretch of the Panama isthmus.