while Research Design executes a research process. Research is

undertakenbecause of interest in something, to produce 

knowledge which can be articulated by the need to explore, 

need to contest, modify or refine existing research. the objectives

of undertaking research Exploration, Description and Explanation.

The two types of research design are Quantitative and Qualitative 

design. The method, technology and methodology in research design,

and the methods include conceptualization, hypothesis formulation,

measurement processes, data collection, the organization of data for

analytical purposes, model building and provision of explanations and

decision making. The research cycle validating of statement theory,

hypothesis formulation, measuring tools, data collection, data analysis,

generalizations and emergence of law. Elements of research design

include unit analysis, topics of research etc.

and research efforts. History of the consensus in the Caribbean and some

ofthe surveys carried out in Caribbean countries, and they are the survey of 

living conditions, the Jamaica survey of leaving conditions, labour force surveys, 

demographic surveys, economic surveys and market shares. Public Sector 

andPrivate Sector agencies and non governmental organizations benefit 

from survey research. Advantages of survey research includes are its sophistication,

strength and use of standardization. While the disadvantages include the possibility

that value orientation may exert, the inability to make adjustments and threats

to the validity.

concepts and indicators. The three types of definitions Real Definitions,

Nominal Definitions and Operational Definition. Measures generated

through operation definition may take the form of observations, indicators 

and indexes. The four levels of measurement nominal, ordinal, interval and

ratio. Two criteria in the process of measurement are Mutual Exclusiveness 

and Exhaustiveness. The three measures used for evaluating the magnitude 

of the reliability of the observations are test-retest reliability measures, 

equivalence measures and measures of internal consistency. The three main

approaches for evaluating validity and they are subjective validation, criterion-related validation and construct validation.

which are three types of interviews and they are structured interviews, 

semi-structured interviews and unstructured interviews. The three types of

of scales used on survey research are rank-order scales, the Likert scale and 

semantic differentials. When developing and evaluating questions for questionnaires

one must know the relevance of the questionnaire, issues of reliability and validity, 

useof checklist, getting feedback and conducting the pilot test. Types of questions 

used in the content of the questionnaire namely factual, knowledge,motivational 

and attitude. Two question types found in the question are open ended questions which

are intended to generate unstructured free responses and closed ended questions yield 

structured mutually exclusive responses. Dos of question writing are use of simple

or familiar words, clear questions, short items, ask questions that respondents are competent

to answer. The Don't on the either hand are double barrelled questions, double negatives,

leading questions, emotional language and bias and issues of reliability and validity. Lastly

when organizing questions the order must be taken into consideration, matrix questions 

and physical layout of the questionnaire.

and survey population. Issues in sampling are as follows representativeness of sampling,

sampling errors, sampling distribution. reasons for using a sample for enumeration

are to save money, to save time, to be able to elaborate etc and reasons for using a

population for enumeration, data needed for small areas, data are needed for small intervals

and high overhead cost. Sampling errors and Non - sampling errors can be found in survey 

research. Non-sampling errors include Specification errors , Frame errors, Measurement errors,

Non-response errors and Processing errors.

Non Probability Sampling are those in which the probability

of selecting an element to be part of the sample is not known. The

techniques of Non Probability Sampling are accidental sampling,

quota sampling and purposive. The five probability sampling design 

techniques are simple random sampling, systematic sampling, 

stratified sampling, cluster sampling and mulit-stage sampling.

collection tasks, amount of time needed to carry out each task and

the number and type of personnel required for each task. The main costs

items salaries and other personnel costs, Travel costs and living expenses in the field,

Services, Equipment and Supplies and Other costs. The best possible strategies for selecting

from a pool are Application form, Personal interview, Psychologist tests, Reference. Techniques

of training Round-robin or round-the-table questioning, Interviewing in pairs, Interviewing in trios,

Interviewing pre-arranged respondent and Trial interviews. Self Administered questionnaires are

mail survey, email survey, interview (telephone and face-to-face). Guidelines for conducting interview

relaxation, purpose, write questions as read, follow order set, ask every question,  do not suggest 

answers, provide transitions, record all responses as given, do not leave questions blank and pay

attention to probing and avoid biasness.

of Editing and coding and speaks about creating data file. The types of editing are Field Editing, Manual Editing and Computer Editing and Coding deals with code books and coding frames. Features of creating data files are Data Entry, Data Dictionary Data File, Data Cleaning and Data Modification.

procedure and techniques of uni variate, bi variate and multivariate 

statistics. Stage of using inferential analysis.

issues such as harm, consent, privacy and deception. When presenting results

plagiarism must be kept in mind.