Public Health Wales (PHW) have several roles one of which is providing information on public health problems and ways the public can protect themselves from it. These can be in two ways, by getting immunisations or putting measures in place to stop the spread of a disease. An example of this is the flu, where they gave information on why it is a public health problem, giving statistics they have gathered showing it is a cause for concern such as “277 patients have been confirmed to have flu since the first case was diagnosed in mid-December” (Wales.nhs.uk 2015) It then gives out information to the public to combat the problem, firstly by getting immunised with the flu vaccine. Also control measures that people should be putting in place, these are things such as disposing of used tissues and washing hands to stop the spread of the germs. "Always use a tissue to catch sneezes, throw away used tissues where germs can linger and always kill germs by washing your hands” (Wales.nhs.uk 2015) 

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Wales.nhs.uk 2015 Available at: http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sitesplus/888/news/35556 Accessed: 22 March 2018

 

Their goal is to improve knowledge about attaining and maintaining good health. The organisation produce health guidelines and standards and assist countries in addressing public health issues. They also support and promote health research. Their ‘greatest concern’ rests with disadvantaged and vulnerable groups that are often in poverty stricken countries. The organisation has the ability to send response teams sent to contain outbreaks and emergency assistance to people affected by disasters. They have produced many immunization campaigns that protect the world’s children from killer diseases and virus’ such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, Malaria and measles. – Working for Health (2016) 

 

·        “Between 2000 and 2012, measles deaths worldwide have been cut by almost 80% – from 562 000 to 122 000 deaths.”

 

·        “Nearly 800 women die every day due to complications in pregnancy and childbirth.”

 

·        “High-income countries have an average of almost 90 nurses and midwives for every 10 000 people while some low-income countries have fewer than 2 per 10 000 people.”

 

-         World health statistics (2014)

 

These statistics are formed by viewing at government birth and death registrations, hospital records, household surveys, censuses, certified expenditure records and data acquired from research projects. - World health statistics (2014)

 

 

World health statistics (2014) A wealth of information on public health Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/112739/WHOHISHSI14.1eng.pdf?sequence=1 (Accessed: 23/03/18)

 

Working for Health (2016) An introduction to the world health organisation Available at: (http://www.who.int/about/brochure_en.pdf Accessed: 23/03/18)

Ellie F

 

The health protection agency provide protection services for people in Wales. The services are linked with other public health services and are delivered through: mentioned by the NHS (2018) “Health Protection Team, Microbiology Laboratories, Reference Laboratories and Specialist Services, The Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (CDSC) and Health Protection Programmes in Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Healthcare Associated Infections, Respiratory Infections, Blood Borne Viruses and Sexual Health and Antibiotic Resistance.”

Looking at Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases, which include many different reports within the topic, an example of a report that the NHS report on is Hepatitis B immunisation, but according to the NHS (2018), “Since 2009, numbers of hepatitis B immunisations given to children in Wales under the age of 18 years who have identified as being at specific risk of contracting hepatitis B, have been included in the quarterly COVER reports of scheduled childhood vaccination uptake.” Now looking at the coverage of the immunisation update in the UK, three main factors that have been reported on by the NHS (2018), are “Uptake of a complete three dose course of MenB vaccine in two year old was 94% this quarter. Three HBs and 12 LA areas had an uptake above 95%.” This means that the completed dose of the course for MenB vaccine has been increased. Also another two statistics that have been brought up in the report was that according to the NHS (2018), “The proportion of children up to date with all routine immunisations by four years of age was 85% this quarter and was 88% in five year old.” Also, “Coverage of one dose of MMR vaccine in the 2016-17 school year 11 (15-16 years old) was 93%, coverage of two doses was 88%.” 

NHS (2018) Available at: 

http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sites3/page.cfm?orgid=457&pid=54144 (Assessed 26/03/18)

Greenpeace

Greenpeace is an organisation where they confirm environment as a peaceful and healthy for the future. They exposed or documents problem of environment destruction which has been causing the places. They change environment by citizen action and consumer pressure. Similar, Greenpeace can describe as a positive change for environmentally they take responsibility of their work and maintain environment healthy place. This was established in 1971 by hunter, to motivate the people who were struggling due to their health conditions and environment where was polluted water. He described Greenpeace as a green and peaceful world. They have travelled in 40 countries where they have changed environment more suitable for people. Their main aim is to change the people think about their environment, they believe to make a healthy life people need to open minded. This way they can change the nature by planting trees and living in diversity society. They can change them by taking their own responsibility without blaming other. Greenpeace is a change which has a positive change, this can be taken in many form such as exposing the abuse and socially solutions. Greenpeace investigate any environment abuse which they report to government and cooperation around world. They expose environment expose around the world, Greenpeace has found millions of supporters around the world, and this suggest they can solve problems which can be found in the far ocean or forest. According to McClenaghan (2015), they have investigated in Yorkshire heavy rain has caused flooding which has destroyed environment and their places. To solve this problem 230 environment agency has been working for last three years. 9000 homes was in risk in UK the Greenpeace has used FOI to locate this house zone. 

Recent flooding 

Many housing zones in Yorkshire are in danger which has been causing for past 5 years. To solve this problem, Dhonau OBE, a flood campaigner, told Greenpeace: “No developer in their right mind would build a house in the middle of the river so why build it where we know the river will be when the floods come? It’s setting people up for misery.” This suggest people around that places have to move to another place. To support them the government has provide them flood insurance scheme Flood Re. 

The Department of Health is aimed to help people live better for longer. The DOH leads, shapes and funds Health and Social Care in England making sure that people have the support, care and treatment they need, along with the compassion, dignity and respect that they deserve. 

The aims of the research project of young people’s alcohol consumption are;

·         Determine the characteristics of young people who have consumed an alcoholic drink and compare with the characteristics of those who have not.

·         Search for distinct types of patterns of drinking among young people, in terms of frequency and how this changed over time. 

·         Explore the link between different patterns of drinking behaviour and other behaviours, attitudes and outcomes.

·         Determine how changes in drinking behaviour relate to changes in other behaviours and what the direction of casualty might be.

The Department of Health provide, long-term vision and ambition to meet current and future challenges, putting health and care at the heart of government and being a global leader in health and care policy. They provide funding which, assures the delivery and continuity of services and accounting to Parliament in a way that represents the best interests of the patient, public and taxpayer. They provide supporting research and technology, and instilling a culture that values compassion, dignity and the highest quality of care. Finally, they provide knowledge for staff so that they are aware of people’s previous experiences so that they can apply it to their own work. 

An example of a report by The Department of Health is ‘Low Alcohol Descriptors’; https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/690516/low_alcohol_descriptors_consultation_document.pdf 

·         Protecting your home and local environment.

·         Promoting safe and healthy food and water everywhere.

·         Supporting alternative energy solutions that can change the world for the better for everyone

 

·         23 September 2008 – Gordon Brown asks the committee on climate change for a report on whether the percentage for cutting emissions should be 80% by October.

·         7 October 2008 – The climate change Committee calls for 80% cut on emissions by 2050 and international aviation and shipping should be included. “68 Labour MPs sign an Early day Motion calling for the government to implement the Climate Change Committee’s advice.”

·         16 October 2008 | New minister Ed Miliband announces that the government with increase the target by cutting emissions from 60 to 80%.

·         “Today’s decision is a victory for campaigners and scientists who have been calling for fossil fuels to be left in the ground in order to avert dangerous climate change. Secretary of State says no to damaging opencast mine in Northumberland

·         “Citizens and communities have the right to challenge whether those decisions are lawful through a process called judicial review. But they can only do so if they know they can afford it. Thanks to a UN treaty – signed in the Danish city of Aarhus in 1998 – the costs of doing this were fixed and capped so citizens could be sure they wouldn’t face bankruptcy if they lost.”

Reference: Friends of the earth, together we can protect people and planet, 2018, (https://friendsoftheearth.uk)