Native Americans by Rachel Zadikian

Beginning of American History

rzadikian — 2025-08-31 10:13:01 UTC

as we know it

Native Americans

rzadikian — 2025-08-31 10:19:44 UTC

1. Oral literature: epic narratives, creation myths, stories, poems, songs.

2. Use stories to teach moral lessons and convey practical information about the natural world.

3. Deep respect for nature and animals.

4. Cyclical worldview.

5. Figurative language/parallelism.

Native Americans: Fact 1

rzadikian — 2025-08-31 10:23:38 UTC

Native Americans spoke more than 300 languages!

Native Americans: Fact 2

rzadikian — 2025-08-31 10:27:25 UTC

In North America between the 16th and 19th centuries, the Northwest Coast culture area was characterized by traits such as salmon fishing, woodworking, large villages or towns, and hierarchical social organization.

Tower of Babel: 2200 B.C.

rzadikian — 2025-08-31 10:29:25 UTC

2200 B.C. to 1600 A.D.

rzadikian — 2025-08-31 10:29:42 UTC

1607—Early settlement at Jamestown

rzadikian — 2025-08-31 10:29:50 UTC

Present Day

rzadikian — 2025-08-31 10:31:38 UTC

Native Americans: Authors and Works

rzadikian — 2025-09-08 10:48:18 UTC

The literature of the Native Americans was handed down orally.

Puritanism and Early Settlement of First "American" colonies 1600-1800

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:36:03 UTC

1. Wrote mostly diaries and histories, which expressed the connections between God and their everyday lives.
2. South to "purify" the Church of England by reforming to the simpler forms of worship and church organization described in the New Testament.
3. Saw religion as a personal, inner experience.
4. Believed in original sin and "elect" who would be saved.
5. Used a plain style of writing.

Puritanism and Early Settlement of First "American" colonies :Authors and Works

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:37:14 UTC

William Bradford
-"Of Plymouth Plantation"

Anne Bradstreet (poetry)

John Edwards
-"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

Edward Taylor
-"Huswifery"

Puritanism and Early Settlement of First "American" colonies : Fact 1

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:39:25 UTC

One fact about Puritanism is that Puritans became noted in the 17th century for a spirit of moral and religious earnestness that informed their whole way of life, and they sought through church reform to make their lifestyle the pattern for the whole nation.

Puritanism and Early Settlement of First "American" colonies: Fact 2

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:40:26 UTC

The name “Puritans” was a term of contempt assigned to the movement by its enemies.

1507: Early Settlement of the first American colonies - Jamestown

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:40:57 UTC

1692: Salem Witch Trials

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:41:02 UTC

1741: Jonathan Edwards "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:41:07 UTC

1600s-1800s: Rationalism, "The Age of Reason", and "The Enlightenment"

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:42:17 UTC

1. Mostly comprised of philosophers, scientists, writing speeches and pamphlets

2. Human beings can arrive at truth (God's rules) by using deductive reasoning, rather than relying on the authority of the past, on religious faith, or intuition

Rationalism, "The Age of Reason", and "The Enlightenment": Authors and Works

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:43:42 UTC

Benjamin Franklin
—Autobiography

Patrick Henry
—"Speech to the Virginia Convention"

Thomas Paine
—"The Crisis"

Phyllis Wheatley
—poetry

The Constitution

The Bill of Rights

The Declaration of Independence

Rationalism,"The Age of Reason", and "The Enlightenment": Fact 1

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:45:26 UTC

The American and French Revolutions were directly inspired by Enlightenment ideals and respectively marked the peak of its influence and the beginning of its decline

Rationalism,"The Age of Reason", and "The Enlightenment": Fact 2

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:47:26 UTC

The age of reason was a period that questioned things such as religion, philosophy, social life, and other things to determine what was logical and what was not.

1607 Early Settlement—Jamestown

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:47:42 UTC

1775-1783 Revolutionary War

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:47:46 UTC

1800s: Transcendentalism and The American Renaissance

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:49:58 UTC

1. Everything in the world, including human beings, is a reflection of the Divine Soul.

2. People can use their intuition to behold God's spirit revealed in nature or in their own souls.

3. Self-reliance and individualism must outweigh external authority and link conformity to tradition.

4. Important social and political movements include the Abolitionist, Utopian, and Women's Suffrage Movements

Transcendentalism and The American Renaissance: Authors and Works

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:50:39 UTC

Ralph Waldo Emerson
—Nature
—"Self-Reliance"

Henry David Thoreau
—Walden
—Life in the Woods

Louisa May Alcott
—Little Women

Transcendentalism and The American Renaissance: Fact 1

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:51:54 UTC

Transcendentalism was a visionary way of thinking that was widespread in 19th-century American art and thinking.

Transcendentalism and The American Renaissance: Fact 2

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:54:15 UTC

The Transcendentalists contributed to the founding of a new national culture based on native elements.

1840-1860 Transcendentalism

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:54:31 UTC

Modern Day example "Taking a Stand": Why France is now taking a stand on Palestinian statehood: Fact 1

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:57:12 UTC

For decades, most UN member states have long supported the creation of an independent Palestinian state alongside Israel.

France joins wave of countries recognizing a Palestinian state: Fact 2

rzadikian — 2025-10-12 17:59:20 UTC

French President Emmanuel Macron said "We can no longer wait," as he announced that France was joining countries including the UK, Canada and Australia in formally recognising a Palestinian state.

Romanticism and Industrialization 1800-1860

rzadikian — 2025-11-16 17:19:32 UTC

1. Valued feeling, intuition, idealism, and inductive reasoning.

2. Placed faith in inner experience and the power of the imagination.

3. Shunned the artificiality of civilization and sought unspoiled nature as a path to spirituality.

4. Championed individual freedom and the worth of the individual

5. Saw poetry as the highest expression of the imagination

6. Dark Romantics: used dark and supernatural themes/settings (Gothic style)

Romanticism and Industrialization: Famous Authors and Works

rzadikian — 2025-11-16 17:19:59 UTC

Washington Irving
—"Rip van Winkle"

Emily Dickinson
—poetry

Walt Whitman
—Leaves of Grass

Edgar Allan Poe
—"The Raven"

Nathaniel Hawthorne
—The Scarlet Letter

Romanticism and Industrialization: Fact 1

rzadikian — 2025-11-16 17:24:30 UTC

Romanticism was said to be a revolt against the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment. It was also a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.

Romanticism and Industrialization: Fact 2

rzadikian — 2025-11-16 17:29:18 UTC

The nature that has taken over one of the newly invented symbols of industrialism is called the steamship. The steamship is an almost abstract painting that has a dramatic contrast between light and shadow.

The War of 1812: 1812-1815

rzadikian — 2025-11-16 17:32:38 UTC

1848, California Gold Rush

rzadikian — 2025-11-16 17:34:00 UTC

Nathaniel Hawthorne: Fact 1

rzadikian — 2025-11-16 17:37:32 UTC

Nathaniel Hawthorne is known as one of the greatest fiction writers of 19th-century American literature. He is said to be a master of the allegorical and symbolic tale and is still best known for the novels "The Scarlet Letter" (1850) and "The House of the Seven Gables" (1851).

Nathaniel Hawthorne: Fact 2

rzadikian — 2025-11-16 17:40:49 UTC

Nathaniel Hawthorne grew up with his mother and uncles in Salem and Raymond, Maine. His father was a ship’s captain, but he passed away and the cause of his death in 1808 was the yellow fever. Many of Hawthorne’s childhood poems and stories were actually concerned with sailing and the sea for this reason.

Romanticism: 1800-1860

rzadikian — 2025-11-16 17:43:16 UTC

McCarthyism

rzadikian — 2026-01-11 17:57:55 UTC

Senator McCarthy had subsequent exile from politics which coincided with a conversion of his name into a modern English noun and that was "McCarthyism".

McCarthyism

rzadikian — 2026-01-11 17:59:47 UTC

One of the perspectives of what McCarthyism is would be that it is the practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence.

Cold War (1947-1991)

rzadikian — 2026-01-11 18:50:21 UTC

Walt Whitman: Fact 1

rzadikian — 2026-01-11 18:52:36 UTC

Walt Whitman was born into a family that settled in North America in the first half of the 17th century.

Walt Whitman: Fact 2

rzadikian — 2026-01-11 18:53:58 UTC

Walt Whitman left school at just eleven years old.

Walt Whitman: Fact 3

rzadikian — 2026-01-11 18:54:37 UTC

At the age of twelve, Whitman began to learn the printer’s trade and fell in love with the written word.

Walt Whitman

rzadikian — 2026-01-11 18:55:03 UTC

Robert Hayden

rzadikian — 2026-01-11 18:56:22 UTC

Robert Hayden: Fact 1

rzadikian — 2026-01-11 18:57:19 UTC

He was the first African American to serve as consultant in poetry to the Library of Congress.

Robert Hayden: Fact 2

rzadikian — 2026-01-11 18:58:36 UTC

Robert Hayden was born Asa Bundy Sheffey into a poor family in the Paradise Valley neighborhood of Detroit. He also had an emotionally traumatic childhood and was raised in part by foster parents.

Robert Hayden: Fact 3

rzadikian — 2026-01-11 18:59:48 UTC

He studied poetry at the University of Michigan, and went on to teaching at both Michigan University and Fisk University.

E.A. Poe

rzadikian — 2026-01-11 19:01:00 UTC

E.A. Poe: Fact 1

rzadikian — 2026-01-11 19:02:04 UTC

Edgar Allan Poe was the son of the English-born actress Elizabeth Arnold Poe and David Poe, Jr., an actor from Baltimore.

E.A. Poe: Fact 2

rzadikian — 2026-01-11 19:03:12 UTC

Regarded in literary histories and handbooks as the architect of the modern short story, Poe was also the principal forerunner of the “art for art’s sake” movement in 19th-century European literature.

E.A. Poe: Fact 3

rzadikian — 2026-01-11 19:04:33 UTC

When Edgar was a baby, David abandoned the family, leaving Eliza to support three young children.

Salem Witch Trials: 1692-1693

rzadikian — 2026-01-11 19:07:12 UTC

It resulted in the deaths of 20 innocent people accused of witchcraft and the vilification of over 200 other.

Realism:1850-1900

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 15:45:25 UTC

1. Feelings of disillusionment.
2. Common subjects: slums of rapidly growing cities, factories replacing farmlands, poor factory workers, corrupt politicians.
3. Represented the manner and environment of everyday life and ordinary people as realistically as possible (Regionalism).
4. Sought to explain behavior (psychologically/socially).

Famous Authors and Works

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 15:47:13 UTC

Mark Twain

-Huckleberry Finn

Jack London

-Call of the Wild

-"To Build a Fire"

Stephen Crane

-"The Open Boat"

Ambrose Bierce

-"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge"

Kate Chopin

-"Story of an Hour"

-The Awakening

Realism: Fact 1

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 15:49:28 UTC

Realist works depicted people of all classes in ordinary life situations, which often reflected the changes brought on by the Industrial and Commercial Revolutions.

Realism: Fact 2

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 15:51:08 UTC

Realism rejects imaginative idealization in favor of a close observation of outward appearances.

Civil War 1861-1865

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 15:51:53 UTC

Reconstruction Era 1865-1877

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 15:52:01 UTC

Ambrose Bierce: Fact 1

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 15:54:41 UTC

Bierce separated from his wife, lost his two sons, and broke many friendships over the course of his career.

Ambrose Bierce: Fact 2

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 15:55:32 UTC

His parents were farmers and he was the tenth of 13 children, all of them were given names beginning with "A" at their father's insistence.

Ambrose Bierce: Fact 3

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 15:56:51 UTC

He was known in his time as the “wickedest man in San Francisco”!

Ambrose Bierce

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 15:57:50 UTC

Alice Walker

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 15:59:52 UTC

Alice Walker: Fact 1

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 16:00:35 UTC

Alice Walker was blinded in one eye.

Alice Walker: Fact 2

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 16:01:20 UTC

She won the Pulitzer Prize in Fiction in 1983 and the National Book Award.

Alice Walker: Fact 3

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 16:01:48 UTC

Her 1982 novel The Color Purple was the subject of a major motion picture and Broadway musical.

Modernism:1900-1950

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 16:02:42 UTC

1. Sense of disillusionment and loss of faith in the "American Dream": the independent, self-reliant, individual will triumph.
2. Emphasis on bold experimentation in style and form over the traditional.
3. Interest in the inner workings of the human mind (ex. Stream of consciousness).

Famous Authors and Works

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 16:03:06 UTC

Lorraine Hansberry
-A Raisin in the Sun

F. Scott Fitzgerald
-The Great Gatsby

William Faulkner
-"A Rose for Emily"

Eudora Welty
-"A Worn Path"

Robert Frost
-poetry

T. S. Eliot
-The Waste Land
-"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

John Steinbeck
-Of Mice and Men
-The Grapes of Wrath

Modernism: Fact 1

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 16:04:10 UTC

Modernists felt a growing separation incompatible with Victorian morality, optimism, and convention.

Modernism: Fact 2

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 16:05:10 UTC

Modernism Stands For Innovation and Experimentation!

The Great Depression: 1929-1939

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 16:05:53 UTC

World War II:1939-1945

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 16:06:24 UTC

World War I: 1914-1918

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 16:06:39 UTC

The American Dream during the 20's: Fact 1

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 16:09:08 UTC

In the aftermath of the First World War, because so many young men were dying in the war, old religious certainties were questioned. Which led some survivors to adopt a 'live for the day' attitude.

The American Dream during the 20's: Fact 2

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 16:10:49 UTC

By the Roaring Twenties, 48 states had joined the Union and America’s GDP per capita had increased nearly fivefold.

The American Dream during the 20's

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 16:13:33 UTC

The American Dream during the 20's

rzadikian — 2026-03-13 16:14:08 UTC

The American Dream during the 30's and 40's: Fact 1

rzadikian — 2026-04-17 10:43:51 UTC

The American Dream of the 1940s was centered around suburban home ownership, stable employment, and a disposable household income!

The American Dream during the 30's and 40's: Fact 2

rzadikian — 2026-04-17 10:45:20 UTC

During the 30's, America had soaring unemployment rates which peaked at around 25% nationally!

The American Dream during the 30's and 40's

rzadikian — 2026-04-17 10:46:10 UTC

The American Dream during the 30's and 40's

rzadikian — 2026-04-17 10:48:31 UTC

The American Dream during the 50's: Fact 1

rzadikian — 2026-04-17 10:50:50 UTC

During the 50's, a strong consumer culture appeared which was symbolized by the rise of suburban living and mass media, specifically television, which became the dominant medium of entertainment and information.

The American Dream during the 50's: Fact 2

rzadikian — 2026-04-17 10:53:03 UTC

Color televisions became popular and affordable and it was said that audiences viewed an average of six hours per day.

The American Dream during the 50's

rzadikian — 2026-04-17 10:53:53 UTC

The American Dream during the 50's

rzadikian — 2026-04-17 10:54:36 UTC

Harlem Renaissance "The Jazz Age" "The Roaring 20s": 1920–1940

rzadikian — 2026-04-17 10:56:23 UTC

1. Black cultural movement in Harlem, New York

2.Some poetry rhythms based on spirituals and jazz, lyrics on the blues, and diction from the street talk of the ghettos

3. Other poetry used conventional lyrical forms

Famous Authors and Works

rzadikian — 2026-04-17 10:56:53 UTC

James Weldon Johnson

Claude McKay

Countee Cullen

Langston Hughes (poetry)

Zora Neale Hurston

Harlem Renaissance"The Jazz Age" "The Roaring 20s": 1920–1940, Fact 1

rzadikian — 2026-04-17 10:59:38 UTC

In 1925, the Jazz Age was in full swing, flappers were challenging lasting gender norms, and artists, writers, and musicians were producing work that we still admire today!

Harlem Renaissance"The Jazz Age" "The Roaring 20s": 1920–1940, Fact 2

rzadikian — 2026-04-17 11:02:39 UTC

The total wealth in the United States more than doubled between 1920 and 1929, and gross national product (GNP) expanded by 40 percent from 1922 to 1929.

"The New Negro Movement": 1919-1925

rzadikian — 2026-04-17 11:03:31 UTC

Prohibition: 1920-1933

rzadikian — 2026-04-17 11:03:48 UTC

The American Dream during the 60's and 70's: Fact 1

rzadikian — 2026-04-17 11:07:37 UTC

The promise of the American Dream in the 1960s was centered around the economy and achieving a more equality of opportunity in terms of gathering familial wealth.

The American Dream in the 60's and 70's : Fact 2

rzadikian — 2026-04-17 11:08:52 UTC

By the 1970s, inflation was rising drastically and there was much economic uncertainty which caused some Americans to question how success was achieved.

The American Dream during the 60's and 70's

rzadikian — 2026-04-17 11:10:42 UTC

The American Dream during the 60's and 70's

rzadikian — 2026-04-17 11:11:34 UTC