·      Income for small businesses

·      Boost to the local economy

·      Increase revenue to the country

·      More job opportunities for locals (through direct employment through the tourism industry and          indirectly through jobs within transportation and retail)

·      Encourages the preservation of traditional customs, discussion between hosts and guests can         allow for a better cultural understanding of the land

·      Promotes conservation of wildlife and natural resources as these are considered tourism 
       assets

·      Can further generate funding and maintenance of animal preservation through entrance and              guide fees

·      Money is invested into providing better facilities, which can better both the guests and locals 

·      Locals can interact with tourists and meet people from diverse backgrounds, creating 
       awareness of different cultures and traditions

Negative Effects

Conservation movement: Firstly, the new idea of urban conservation. This focuses on particularly ancient monuments, artworks, and buildings with architectural or historical significance. The establishment of King Rama V’s “Archaeological Club” became the foundation of heritage conservation in Thailand. The conversation grew heavily between 1963-1977 when financial support was given by the Italian government. Today, new paradigms are in place that include sustainability, living heritage, and local participation. As a result, the concern for cultural heritage is expanding in Thailand.

(https://www.irbnet.de/daten/iconda/CIB4150.pdf)

Walters, Peter, and Rod McCrea. (2014). 'Early Gentrification and the Public Realm: A Case Study of West End in Brisbane, Australia.' Urban Studies 51(2):355-70.

-          Undertake a survey of the principal sites and monuments of Thailand 

-          Evaluate the possibilities of their development as tourist attractions

-          Suggest programs and procedures for the conservation and restoration of sites and monuments

-          Consider the infrastructures required (hotel, communication, etc.)

-          Recommend to the authorities concerned a program for the development of the sites and monuments in terms of the economic development programs of the country

The plan includes:
1)      Objective (The national objective, tourism objective, etc.)
2)      Procedure

3)      Long-term plan (Policy, training, etc.)

4)      Immediate plan (Special project)

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0000/000089/008998EB.pdf

First is the conservation policy according to the master plan of historic town so-called ‘Rattanakosin Conservation and Development Plan’ made by the national advisory board. This plan created disagreement on the evaluation of significance since a number of old communities were considered unimportant. 

Second is the issue on legislations, issues of the registration system, as well as, the limitation, way of utilizing, and movement due to the Decentralization Act on legislations. 

1) The scope and the scale of the responsibility of The Fine Arts Department (FDA)

  -  The Decentralization Act was launched for nearly a decade but the categorization is still in the experimental stage. Moreover, because of the lack of understanding and knowledge on conservation, the readiness for the local bodies to handle cultural heritage in their hands could be premature.

2) The influence of the head monks of the temples on the conservation of ecclesiastic building.

3) The difficulty encountered by the adoption of international standards on restoration work. 

 -  Some extent of international standards on authenticity and integrity do not fit the Thai context. Ex. For Thailand, the materials and the craftsmanship might make a difference on the evaluation of authenticity. Some parts of the monuments or monuments itself are made of wood, which decays faster than those of stones used for the structures in Europe. Therefore, the focus of the restoration work has to incorporate the design and craftsmanship rather than to keep the actual materials which need to be replaced.

Last is the issue on the organizational framework. There are several main authorities in charge of the conservation works; unfortunately, these authorities are under different ministries, thus the method for effective collaboration need to be revisited.

https://www.irbnet.de/daten/iconda/CIB4150.pdf

This idea of “authenticity” from the point of view of a tourist can essentially over generalize and exclude the room for growth a city and country can experience. Specifically for Bangkok, there seems to be a pattern of seeing the city as less authentic than other places in Thailand because of the high number of tourists.

(http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-sze/the-myth-of-authentic-tra_b_8135022.html)
(http://sea-globe.com/millennials-authentic-travel-experiences/)

-       The house of ML Devathiraj P. Malakul
Next BTS Ratchathewi was razed by the owners to make way for a development project. The house was an intricately carved 90-year-old structure—and from the BTS platform everyone had front row seats when the bulldozers moved in. The building had not been registered but any building of architectural, historical, educational and social value is, in theory, protected under the current law. Why didn’t the Fine Arts Dept. sue the Malakul family? The question has been asked to Vasu Poshyanandana, architect at the Office of Architecture at the Fine Arts Dept. “The fact is, this house was already gone, so the Fine Arts legal team might have figured it was better to put our limited resources and budget towards other urgent cases.”

-       Wat Kalayanamitr
Again, this time the Fine Arts Dept. had a bitter taste in their mouths from a legal battle with the head monk of Wat Kalayanamitr. Three years ago, he ordered the demolition of a registered pagoda. The department did sue in this case, but the court rejected their claims as the site’s 50-year-old registration under the Archeological Act did not detail which parts of the temple were listed.

 http://bk.asia-city.com/city-living/article/architectural-heritage-preservation-bangkok?page=24

 http://www.travelstart.co.za/blog/10-reasons-why-bangkok-is-one-of-the-most-visited-cities-in-the-world/
http://www.bangkok.com/magazine/7-reasons-you-need-to-visit-bangkok.htm
http://www.traveller.com.au/twenty-reasons-to-visit-bangkok-2u0q4
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/asia/thailand/articles/21-reasons-to-visit-Thailand/