1.Improved Design

2.Cost Estimation and Reduction

3.Better Return Of Investment

4.Enhanced environment performance(eg: It has been found to significantly help reduce cost in the noise wall category)

Refer the following article

https://thebimhub.com/2015/06/25/bim-levels-explained/#.VgRLhzahfIU

2. https://www.wbdg.org/

3. www.nibs.org/

4. https://thebimhub.com/

http://goo.gl/forms/5Wz2JmhKFB

Interoperability is a property of a product or system, whose interfaces are completely understood, to work with other products or systems, present or future, without any restricted access or implementation. In the case of BIM, it refers to the ability of BIM software to perform in different environments.

We can categorize the life cycle stages as follows: “Pre-Natal” (under 2 years). During this stage, the building is in the process of being handed over from the developer to the first owners. The assets are new and are covered under a variety of warranties. Maintenance requirements are focused on cleaning activities and periodic inspections. Childhood” (2-16 years). During this period, the owners have assumed full responsibility for all the maintenance, repairs and long-range renewal planning for the building. With two years of expenditure experience, the owners have established a preventive maintenance program and are allocating monies to the long-range contingency reserve fund. The owners are starting to address some relatively small renewal projects, which are addressed in more detail in the next section. “Adolescence” (17-29 years). It is during this 3rd stage that the owners may find that the maintenance budgets established during the 2nd lifecycle stage may not be adequate to address the impending replacement of building assets that have deteriorated and reached the end of their useful service lives. This phase is represented by a noticeable increase in the number of capital renewal projects (which are discussed in the next section). This life stage often compels owners to seriously reconsider their historical budgeting practices and to make more reasonable funding allocations for asset renewals as the building moves through lifecycle stage 3 and into stage 4. Adulthood (30 to 49 years). The largest and most expensive of all asset renewal projects tend to occur during the 4th lifecycle stage. As a result, significant funds will need to be reinvested in the building and the standard operating and maintenance budgets will need to be revisited. Some of the assets have been replaced over the preceding 30-40 years and the owners and manager are now operating a building with assets at a variety of different ages. There is no longer a single baseline and the facility managers are tasked with tracking the different assets. Old Age (50 plus years). At this juncture, all the major assets have been through one renewal cycle. Therefore lifecycle Stage 5 is essentially a return to lifecycle Stage 2. The owners must now prepare for the next cycle of asset renewals as the building moves beyond its 50th anniversary and embarks upon the next 50 years of operations. Managing the Lifecycle Stages There are two tools that are most valuable to help the owners manage the asset during each of the five life cycle stages. These are: Maintenance Plan. The maintenance plan helps the owners control what happens at each lifecycle stage by ensuring that adequate maintenance is performed to achieve the full service life from the assets. Reserve Study. The reserve study helps the owners predict when the assets are likely to reach the end of their useful service life and to set aside sufficient monies in the reserve fund to offset the financial hardship of special levies.

BIM software defines objects parametrically; that is, the objects are defined as parameters and relations to other objects, so that if a related object is amended, dependent ones will automatically also change. Each model element can carry attributes for selecting and ordering them automatically, providing cost estimates as well as material tracking.

BIM is seen to be closely related to Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) where the primary motive is to bring the teams together early on in the project. A full implementation of BIM also requires the project teams to collaborate from the inception stage and formulate model sharing and ownership contract documents.The American Institute of Architects (AIA) currently defines IPD as "a project delivery method that integrates people, systems, business structures and practices into a process that collaboratively harnesses the talents and insights of all participants to reduce waste and optimize efficiency through all phases of design, fabrication and construction.

Digital data, in information theory and information systems, are discrete, discontinuous representations of information or works, as contrasted with continuous, or analog signals which behave in a continuous manner, or represent information using a continuous function.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) represents the process of development and use of a computer generated model to simulate the planning, design, construction and operation of a facility.A BIM carries all information related to the building, including its physical and functional characteristics and project life cycle information, in a series of “smart objects”.BIM finds it applications in many purposes like Fabrication drawings,Forensic analysis,Code reviews,Faclities management,Construction sequencing,Visualization,collision detection,etc.Major advantage of BIM is its accuracy in geometrical representation of the parts of a building in an integrated data environment.Even many other benefits like better productivity,automated assembly,desing,etc.BIM solutions has top criteria in construction industry. It invovles some risks even,majorly the question ownership and protecion through copyright laws.Another issue is regarding control of data entry into the model and managing inaccuracies.Alack of critical review has been atleast one of the component ingredients of building failure. BIM is emerging as an innovative way to manage projecs.BIM will have fruitful results in construction industry in near future,if supported,encouraged it.

2.www.nibs.org/

3.https;//the bimhub.com/

4.https;/www.wbdg.org/

5.Thompson, D.B., and Miner, R.G. (November 23, 2007). “Building Information Modeling - BIM: Contractual Risks are Changing with Technology” [WWW document] URL http://www.aepronet.org/ge/no35.html

6.CRC Construction Innovation. (2007). Adopting BIM for Facilities Management: Solutions for Managing the Sydney Opera House, Cooperative Research Center for Construction Innovation, Brisbane, Australia.

7.Bernstein, P.G., and Pittman, J.H. (2005). “Barriers to the Adoption of Building Information Modeling in the Building Industry”. Autodesk Building Solutions Whitepaper, Autodesk Inc., CA.

8.CIFE. (November 22, 2007). CIFE Technical Reports [WWW document] URL http://cife.stanford.edu/Publications/index.html

9. http://cife.stanford.edu/VDCsurvey.pdf

10.Khemlani, L.; Papamichael, K.; and Harfmann, A. (November 02, 2006). The Potential of Digital Building Modeling [WWW document]. URL http://www.aia.org/SiteObjects/files/potentialofdigital.pdf

BIM helps in designing electric circuits and making energy efficient structures.

But, BIM is still in its early days and it will take few more years before it becomes the quintessential Information Modeling technology. Given this, at present, it's more reliable features are 

1)clash detection and 

2)cost estimation, which are undoubtedly the more relevant too.

Hence, a study/project focusing on these two aspects of BIM is more likely to be feasible, given the current scenario. But, it must added with caution that it is never wise to zero in on a particular area of a technology that is fast developing. In the near future, it is highly probable that the areas of interest might change or even if it doesn't, there might have been a lot of updation in the chosen area itself.

1.AEC-Architechtural,Engineering and Construction

2.VDC-Virtual Design and Construction

3.Dimensional Modelling-a set of techniques and concepts used in data warehouse design. It is considered to be different from entity-relationship modeling (ER). Dimensional Modeling does not necessarily involve a relational database.

http://goo.gl/forms/SA4N1Klo8f

Building Information Modelling (BIM) provides a digital representation about the intrinic characteristic features of a building in an intelligent way. In another words, BIM is a means to understand the building through the use of digital model. It gets the right information to the right people at the right time, helping firms innovate and compete. It is also an effective communication tool and method in project delivery. It proposes strategies for better implementation to current technologies. It provides a structure to hold important project data and retain it for life cycle of building. BIM also manages the financial assets which would be most logical to integrate this aspect of business. It provides the optical structure to start the building.

BIM needs to be standardized or specified in information modelling. The technology need to be used to its full potential expanding the information model to include more of the building life cycle phases. Building Information Modelling is gaining momentum and will result in tremendous changes for everyone involved in engineering of buildings.

Hence, in a nutshell, BIM, if used to maximum of its potential, enables those who interact with the building in any form, to optimize their actions and work with greater efficiency resulting in a greater whole life value for the asset.

What is a BIM object?

A BIM object is a combination of many things. such as:

• Information content that defines a product.
  
• Product property, such as thermal resistance.
  
• 3D geometry representing the product's physical characteristics.
  
• Visualization data giving the object a recognizable appearance.
  
• Functional data, such as detection zones, htat enables a object to be positioned and behave in the same manner as the product itself.
  

What are the benefits of using BIM?

BIM facilitates prompt decision making and flawless construction planning through seamless collaboration between architects, engineers and contractors. BIM enables quick identification of problems and helps to avert system clashes. This saves time and cost.

What are some of the limitations of competitors - Revit, in particular?

• Modeling limitation; freeform modelling is needed to design things like spline-shaped roof edges.
  
• 3D speed and robustness; purely parametric modelers can't handle the model size once details are added.
  
• BIM slows down design at times; users spend too much time wrestling with the system.
  

Who is using BIM nowadays?

The most early adopters were the architectural firms, but more recently it is being used by the entire project team. The most typical users are architect, engineers, contractors, owners and facility managers.

2. www.nationalbimlibrary.com

3. www.bimopedia.com

4. https://www.augi.com/library/bim-vs-communication

5. http://www.aia.org/about/initiatives/AIAS076981

6.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_beeFtrgQJE

7. http://www.autodesk.com/solutions/building-information-modeling/overview

8. http://www.bim.construction.com/

1. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD): IPD is a method of project delivery distinguished by a contractual arrangement among a minimum of owner, constructor and design professional that aligns business interests of all parties. IPD motivates collaboration throughout the design and construction process, tying stakeholder success to project success, and embodies the contractual and behavioral principles.

2. Construction Operations Building Information Exchange (COBie): It is an information exchange specification for the life-cycle capture and delivery of information needed by facility managers. COBie can be viewed in design, construction, and maintenance software as well as in simple spreadsheets. This versatility allows COBie to be used in all projects regardless of size and technological sophistication.

3. Radio Frequency Identification Tag (RFID): Radio frequency identification, or RFID, is a generic term for technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify people or object. An RFID system consists of a tag, which is made up of a microchip with an antenna, and an interrogator or reader with an antenna. The reader sends out electromagnetic waves. The tag antenna is tuned to receive these waves. A passive RFID tag draws power from field created by the reader and uses it to power the microchip’s circuits. The chip then modulates the waves that the tag sends back to the reader and the reader converts the new waves into digital data. RFID tags are being used only to track materials at this point, but could be used to convey the product data of materials.

BIM finds its application in many fields. Some of them are:

1) Communication : The communication purpose of BIM is intended to present information about a facility in a method in which it can be shared or exchanged. This is often the last step of many other processes when a visualization, transformation, drawing, or document is developed to communicate information from that process to the next user of that information. This is one of the most valuable uses of BIM. It promotes and enhances communication and often reduces the time it takes to communicate.

2) Architectural drawing : While it might be possible to one day rid the industry of drawings and paper, this is not the case today. With that said, BIM improves the ability to develop drawings including detailing and annotating them. When the BIM model is updated, the corresponding drawings and sheets are also updated. This includes isometric, one line diagrams, figures and all other symbolic representations.

Building InformationModeling (BIM) is emerging as an innovative way to manage projects. Building performance and predictability of outcomes are greatly improved by adopting BIM. As the use of BIM accelerates, collaboration within project teams should increase, which will lead to improved profitability, reduced costs, better time management and improved customer/client relationships. This has the potential to bring about great efficiency as well as harmony among players who all too often in the past saw themselves as adversaries. As in most paradigm shifts there will undoubtedly be risks associated with this change.

In the early stages of BIM, constructors worked from architectural plans since digital models were not shared by architects with contractors. The construction modelers inevitably discovered errors and inconsistencies in the plans as they created the BIM. This brought about a natural redundancy as the construction model put the design to this virtual building test. With a more trustful sharing of architectural drawings, which can be easily be imported and serve as the basis for the BIM model, there may be a loss of this critical checking phase. In other words when all players see themselves on the same team they may cease to look for and find mistakes in each other’s work. In the past, a lack of critical review has been at least one of the component ingredients of building failure.

When our group decided that the topic for our padlet assignment is "Building Information Modelling". I had very little idea about the topic. So, what seems to be obvious, I googled the topic, which was the first step to begin my journey of becoming aware about this topic, which attracted my interest, just within few minutes.

I was able to find a couple of journals and a lot of pdf type documents relating to the topic. Then, I chose the journal posted as a reference on this padlet. It took me time to read about the topic with the help of documents and the posts in the various websites.

When I thought that I have enough of information on the topic, I was ready to post it on the padlet along with my group members; and the rest is evident before your eyes.