Promote efficiency through competition and the division of labor

Greater access to capital flows and technology

Benefit from cheaper imports and larger export markets.

Workers move from one country to another in part in search of better employment opportunities.

Living conditions improve as a result of the accumulation of physical capital (investment) and human capital (labor)

Allows more to be produced using the same resources as before.

Advances in technology (what in economics is called “total factor productivity”) (WTO, Industrial Rea and GMS)

Countries' efforts to catch up with advanced economies have had mixed results.

Food and raw materials generally come from poorer countries.

Workers move from one country to another partly in search of better employment opportunities.

The quality of life has not improved, and many are still destitute. Added to this is the spread of AIDS throughout Africa over the past decade, which is reducing life expectancy in many countries.

Workers in older industries that are in decline may find it difficult to retrain their skills and enter new industries.