Brazil: Among the highest Indigenous ethnic and linguistic diversity globally, with 305 Indigenous groups speaking 274 distinct languages. However, they have one of the lowest proportions (0.4%) of Indigenous peoples in Latin America.

Canada:  First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples represent over 4% of the total population, with higher birth rates and shorter life spans than non-Indigenous peoples. 

China: Tibetans constitute 0.5% of the total population, with 48 ethnic groups being registered within the Tibetan Autonomous Region, demarcated by the Chinese government. 

Kenya: Has a number of Indigenous groups including hunter-gatherers, pastoralists, fisher peoples and small farming communities. The Maasai, are considered Indigenous pastoralists who account for about 25% of the total population.

Canada
-There are 633 First Nations within Canada with a population approaching 900,000, although the Indigenous people of Canada have higher birth rates they have a shorter lifespan then non-Indigenous peoples

Chile
-The Mapuche people are the largest group of Indigenous people in Chile, with a population of 1,260,000 (according to the Lancet Lowitja Institute). Having had their land occupied on numerous occasions they continue to struggle with recovering ownership of territories.

Greenland
-A portion of the Inuit people migrated from Canada to Greenland circa. 1200 AD and began to inhabit the land alongside the Norse communities. Upon the downfall of Norse communities (circa. 1500, the Inuit became the sole occupants of Greenland, until colonised by the Danish-Norwegian King in 1721.

Russia
-41 more Nenets infants than Russian infants died per 1000 live births. 
-122 more Nenets women than Russian women died per 100,000 live births.

Peru: There is a range of Indigenous groups in Peru, one of which are the Indigenous Amazonians. Currently, only 14% of the population is Indigenous. The Infant Mortality rate for the Indigenous population is 49.2% compared to the 18.5% that is the benchmark population highlighting a huge gap in healthcare.

Sweden: The Sami have lived in the northern part of the Arctic region which now spreads over four countries for thousands of years. In Sweden, the majority of the Sami live in northern areas, covering 35% of the country’s surface area. The health gaps between the Indigenous population, when compared to the benchmark population, are extremely low. However, it is very important to note that Swedish Law prohibits the collection of ethnic statistics which therefore suggests inaccuracies in the estimation of population sizes and health statistics.

Russia: The Nenets people are one of many Indigenous groups that live in the Northern Arctic. currently, only 30,000 Nenets live in Russia. The Nenets territory is resource-rich, for example, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the far north of West Siberian Plains has almost half of Russia’s oil reserves, significant metal deposits and forest areas. However, they still experience a huge health gap when compared to the benchmark population. in 2012 it was found that the Nenets infant mortality rate was 47.8% which was 41.2% higher than the benchmark population rate of 6.6%.

Greenland: The Inuit are the indigenous population of Greenland, they also make up 90% of the population. The Inuit appear to have significant health gaps when compared to the benchmark population. The Inuit have a 15.2% infant mortality rate compared to the 3.4% for the benchmark population.

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