My Padlet by Sam Lopes https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p en-us 2023-09-18 19:40:24 UTC 2023-12-01 00:05:07 UTC hello@padlet.com lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2709463250

]]> 2023-09-18 19:43:10 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2709463250 Definition lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713491212 According to Fisher and Frey (2023), Oral language development facilitates print literacy. Language is produced by articulate sounds or manual gestures. An oral language or vocal language is a language produced with the vocal tract in contrast with a sign language that is produced with body and hands.

Basics: Oral Language | Reading Rockets. (n.d.). Www.readingrockets.org. Retrieved November 3, 2023, from https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/oral-language]]> 2023-09-20 21:07:26 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713491212 Teacher Application lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713499922 Teachers should also attend to the increased demands of the Speaking and Listening domain, especially Anchor Standard 1, which states that students should prepare for and participate effectively in a range of conversations and collaborations with diverse partners, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively. Teachers need to dedicate time every day for students to engage with one another in conversation where they use academic language (Fisher & Frey, 2023). There are some instructional routines that have been proven helpful for students: readers' theatre, presentations, listening stations, and reciprocal teaching. There is also technology that can be used such as listening gallery walk, photo narratives, and digital storytelling. 

Fisher, D., & Frey, N. (2014). Speaking and Listening in Content Area Learning. Reading Rockets. Retrieved November 3, 2023, from https://www.readingrockets.org/topics/comprehension/articles/speaking-and-listening-content-area-learning]]> 2023-09-20 21:20:10 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713499922 Connection to Counseling lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713500758 Here's a good read to possibly help!

According to Cook (n.d.), The connection between children learning oral language and school counselors lies in the role that school counselors play in supporting students' academic and personal development, including their language development. This can be done by contributing to early interventions, support for language development, social-emotional development, specialized support and cultural and linguistic sensitivity. Their work contributes to creating a holistic and supportive educational environment that fosters language learning and overall student well-being.]]> 2023-09-20 21:21:15 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713500758 Equity and Inclusion lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713501648 Oral language development is a critical aspect of equity and inclusion in education. Ensuring that all students have access to high-quality language development opportunities, regardless of their linguistic or cultural backgrounds, is essential for creating an inclusive and equitable learning environment. Schools, educators, and support professionals play key roles in achieving this goal. Some key considerations include language as a tool for inclusion, addressing language barriers, cultural and linguistic sensitivity, individualized support from both teacher and school counselor, parent and community engagement if possible and teacher training and professional development.

Education, M. D. of E. and S. (2022). Literacy Block: Oral Language - Evidence Based Early Literacy. Retrieved November 3, 2023, from Www.doe.mass.edu. https://www.doe.mass.edu/massliteracy/literacy-block/oral-language.html]]> 2023-09-20 21:22:28 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713501648 Definition lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713504007 According to Reading Rockets (2023), phonological awareness is made up of a group of skills. This can include being able to identify words that rhyme, counting the number of syllables in a name, identifying the syllables in a word, and more. The and last to develop is called phonemic awareness. Phonemic awareness is the ability to notice, think about, and work with phonemes in spoken words.

Basics: Phonological and Phonemic Awareness | Reading Rockets. (2023).  Retrieved November 3, 2023, from Www.readingrockets.org. https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/phonological-and-phonemic-awareness]]> 2023-09-20 21:25:59 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713504007 Teacher Application lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713504340 For teacher application in phonological awareness, activities can be brought in-- like substituting different sounds for the first sound of a familiar song (e.g. row your boat). Phonological awareness can be developed through carefully planned instruction that will have a positive impact on students reading and achievement. An instructional activity that can be used is change-a-name game. This game helps children to learn how to remove sounds and teach them to substitute the beginning sound in their name with a new sound.

Basics: Phonological and Phonemic Awareness | Reading Rockets. (2023). Retrieved November 3, 2023, from Www.readingrockets.org. https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/phonological-and-phonemic-awareness]]> 2023-09-20 21:26:28 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713504340 5 Levels of Phonological Awareness lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713507743 1.) Rhyming and alliteration 
2.) sentence segmentation 
3.) syllables (segmenting and blending)
4.)  onsets and rimes (blending and segmenting)
5.) Phonemic awareness
 ]]> 2023-09-20 21:30:11 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713507743 Connection to Counseling lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713508307 A school counselor can be an aid in phonological awareness:

1. Identification and Assessment- School counselors can collaborate with teachers and reading specialists to identify students who may be at risk for phonological awareness difficulties. This involves reviewing academic data, conducting screenings, and monitoring students' progress in literacy-related skills.
2. Referrals for Intervention-  If a student is identified as needing additional support in phonological awareness, school counselors can facilitate the referral process for specialized services, such as speech therapy, reading intervention programs, or individualized education plans (IEPs).
3. Support At-Risk Students- School counselors can work individually or in small groups with students who are struggling with phonological awareness or related literacy skills. They can provide emotional support, strategies for coping with academic challenges, and motivation to improve.
4. Collaboration with Educators- School counselors should collaborate closely with teachers to align their efforts in supporting phonological awareness. This may involve reviewing assessment data, developing intervention plans, and monitoring students' progress together.

Joseph, L. (2023). Best Practices in Planning Interventions for Students With Reading Problems | Reading Rockets.  Retrieved November 3, 2023, from Www.readingrockets.org. https://www.readingrockets.org/topics/intervention-and-prevention/articles/best-practices-planning-interventions-students-reading]]> 2023-09-20 21:31:08 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713508307 Equity and Inclusion lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713508531 Phonological awareness is closely connected to issues of equity and inclusion in schools, particularly in diverse and inclusive educational settings. Here are some ways in which phonological awareness intersects with equity and inclusion:

  1. Early Literacy Development for All- Phonological awareness is a foundational skill for literacy development. Ensuring that all students, regardless of their background, linguistic diversity, or abilities, have access to high-quality phonological awareness instruction is essential for equitable educational opportunities. Inclusive schools recognize the diverse needs of students and aim to provide effective literacy instruction for everyone.
  2. Addressing Language Barrier-Equity in education requires addressing language barriers that some students may face. In inclusive classrooms, there may be students who are English language learners or come from homes where languages other than the primary language of instruction are spoken. 
  3. Emergent Curriculum-pay attention to student interests. 
  4. In-depth Projects that are Culturally Responsive Practices- Inclusive schools adopt culturally responsive practices that honor and value students' diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. 
  5. Representational Development- Through this, educators can present new concepts in the classroom. 
  6. Collaboration- Educators should promote cognitive development through collaborations with other educators, school counselors, students and parents to insure the child's success. 

Diversity, Equity, Inclusion in Early Childhood Education - Northwest. (2021). Nwmissouri.  Retrieved November 3, 2023, from https://online.nwmissouri.edu/programs/education/msed/early-childhood-edu/diversity-equity-and-inclusion-in-ece/
]]> 2023-09-20 21:31:30 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713508531 Definition lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713509055 Phonics instruction teaches the relationships between the letters of written language and the sounds of spoken language. To read, children need to understand the alphabetic principle — the idea that letters represent the sounds of spoken language.

Basics: Phonics and Decoding | Reading Rockets. (n.d.). Www.readingrockets.org.  Retrieved November 3, 2023, from https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/phonics-and-decoding]]> 2023-09-20 21:32:19 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713509055 Teacher Application lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713509232 The focus of phonics instruction is to help readers understand how letters are linked to sounds (phonemes). A teachers application is to create phonics instruction that may be provided systemically or incidentally. Teachers can employ analogy phonics, analytic phonics, embedded phonics, phonics through spelling and synthetic phonics.

Basics: Phonics and Decoding | Reading Rockets. (n.d.). Www.readingrockets.org. Retrieved November 3, 2023, from https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/phonics-and-decoding


]]> 2023-09-20 21:32:39 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713509232 Connection to Counseling lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713509423 School Counselors can employ individual or group counseling for aid students. On an individual level student and counselor can go more in depth and in a group situation activities can be made and shared within the group. According to MsJordanReads, some activities can include:

1. MAKING WORDS
Letter Manipulatives – Making words is an effective and hands-on way for students to practice phonics. This activity can use foam letters, magnetic letters, or word building templates.

2. “If I Can Spell” Word Family Activity
This is a journal activity and is another method of sharing in case there is one student that struggles to share out loud.

3. WORD HUNTS
Word hunts can provide students with the opportunity to search for different phonics patterns in context. Its also a great way to keep everyone engaged and moving in something fun.


MsJordanReads. (2022, March 14). 5 Fun Phonics Interventions for Literacy Centers and Small Groups. MsJordanReads. Retrieved November 3, 2023, from https://msjordanreads.com/5-fun-phonics-interventions-for-literacy-centers-and-small-groups/

]]> 2023-09-20 21:32:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713509423 Equity and Inclusion lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713509669 From 9:20 to 21:40]]> 2023-09-20 21:33:19 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2713509669 Definition lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2723782642 According to Reading Rockets (2023), "fluency is the ability to read a text accurately, quickly, and with expression.Fluent reading builds stamina for reading lengthy or complex texts. Reading fluency serves as a bridge between word recognition and comprehension."

Reading Rockets. (2023). Basics: Fluency.  Retrieved November 3, 2023, from Www.readingrockets.org. https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/fluency]]> 2023-09-27 21:15:25 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2723782642 Teacher Application lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2723783384 According to Texas Education Agency (2023), Teachers aid in fluency development by modeling, focus on related reading and reading practice, activities, and using chunking and phrasing.

Texas Education Agency. (2023). Fluency: Instructional Guidelines and Student Activities | Reading Rockets.  Retrieved November 3, 2023, from Www.readingrockets.org. https://www.readingrockets.org/topics/fluency/articles/fluency-instructional-guidelines-and-student-activities]]> 2023-09-27 21:16:26 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2723783384 Connection to Counseling lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2723783530 School counselors can implement Response to Intervention (RtI) to provide students with support beyond regular classroom instruction. According to Merz, school counselors with the collaboration of teachers and parents will provide the most beneficial way for students to succeed.

Merz, R. (1990). Exploring the school counselor’s role in response to intervention Exploring the school counselor’s role in response to intervention (rti) efforts for struggling readers in elementary grades (rti) efforts for struggling readers in elementary grades.  Retrieved November 3, 2023, from https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2434&context=honorstheses1990-2015]]> 2023-09-27 21:16:37 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2723783530 Equity and Inclusion lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2723783829 Today’s education leaders face the challenge of students reading below grade, while knowing that the lack of access can dramatically impact literacy development. Educators are also increasingly aware of the importance of honoring diversity and ensuring that all students feel seen and valued. That's why content matters. Students deserve and need texts worth reading, and where they can benefit from a diverse content library that represents the wide range of academic needs and interests. Content that respects and reflects the experiences and cultures of all students, with special care for students whose backgrounds have historically been underrepresented, helps them understand that they matter.

Eisenman, Jenny. (2021). “Why Diversity and Equity in Content Matters for Reading Growth.” NASSP.  Retrieved November 3, 2023, from www.nassp.org/2021/06/08/why-diversity-and-equity-in-content-matters-for-reading-growth/.


]]> 2023-09-27 21:17:05 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2723783829 lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2727666289 2023-10-01 19:40:07 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2727666289 Definition lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2727676315 Comprehension is the act of constructing during reading. This is an interaction between knowledge of the reader and the textual content. Comprehension requires readers to integrate their knowledge of the world, vocabulary and print.

Basics: Reading Comprehension | Reading Rockets. (n.d.). Www.readingrockets.org. Retrieved November 3, 2023, from https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/reading-comprehension]]> 2023-10-01 19:58:15 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2727676315 Teacher Application lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2727678829 There are seven strategies to teach students comprehension: monitoring comprehension by being aware of what students understand, identify what they do not understand and use appropriate strategies to revolve problems; metacognition "thinking about thinking." Readers use metacognitive strategies to think about and have control over their reading. The third strategy is to assign graphic and semantic organizers; these help students to focus on test structure differences between fiction and nonfiction, it provides students with tools they can use to examine and show relationships in a test, and helps with writing well-organized summaries of a text. The fourth strategy is answering student questions, these can be effective if they give students a purpose for reading, focus students' attention on what they are to learn and help students actively as they read. Followed by the fifth strategy which is generating questions to help students become aware of whether they can answer the questions and if they understand what they are reading. The sixth strategy is recognizing story structure and lastly, the seventh, is summarizing which requires students to determine what is important within the text.

Adler, C.R. 2023. Seven Strategies to Teach Students Text Comprehension. Reading Rockets ]]> 2023-10-01 20:02:56 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2727678829 Connection To Counseling lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2742478887 Comprehension plays a crucial role in school counseling in various ways: aiding in academic success--good reader vs. poor readers (Texas Education Agency, 2023). School counselors can also help in supporting diverse learners by being aware of students needs and also talk to teachers educational planning and developing specific plans and accommodations some students may need.

Texas Education Agency. 2023. What Research Tells Us About Reading, Comprehension, and Comprehension Instruction. Reading Rockets. ]]> 2023-10-11 21:07:30 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2742478887 Equity and Inclusion lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2742479134 Najarro, I., & Will M. 2022. What is Culturally Responsive Teaching? Education Week.]]> 2023-10-11 21:07:49 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2742479134 Definition lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2774264607 Vocabulary is the learning about the words we need to know to understand what we hear and read, and to communicate clearly and with precision. There are four types of vocabulary to consider:

  • Listening vocabulary:  the words we need to know to understand what we hear. 
  • Speaking vocabulary: the words we use when we speak. 
  • Reading vocabulary: the words we need to know to understand what we read. 
  • Writing vocabulary:  the words we use in writing.

Basics: Vocabulary | Reading Rockets. (n.d.).  Retrieved November 3, 2023, from Www.readingrockets.org. https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/vocabulary
]]> 2023-11-02 18:24:59 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2774264607 Teacher Application lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2774265224 Teacher can employ direct instruction for students but indirect learning is at play as well. 

Indirect instruction can look like: Children learning the meanings of most words indirectly through everyday experiences. Such as hearing their parents, teachers, the tv, etc and it can be through oral and written language. 

According to Reading Rockets (n.d.), children can learn word meanings indirectly in three ways:
  • They engage daily in oral language
  • They listen to adults read to them
  • They read extensively on their own

Direct instruction may look like: 
  • Providing students with instruction in specific words that are important to students’ content learning 
  • Vocabulary quizzes 
  • Teaching students more general word-learning strategies such as analyzing parts of words (e.g., root words)
Basics: Vocabulary | Reading Rockets. (n.d.). Www.readingrockets.org. Retrieved November 3, 2023, from https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/vocabulary

]]> 2023-11-02 18:25:31 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2774265224 Connection to Counseling lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2774265450 According Vostal et al., (2023), school counselors have the responsibility to be intentional about implementing a comprehensive school counseling program, which often includes planning and teaching classroom lessons on topics connected to academic skills. The connection to school counseling would be that a school counselor is doing their job by collaborating and talking to teachers and notices the issue about vocabulary difficulty in a grade level. This school counselor would then plan to do a lesson on vocabulary. An example is "Dictionary Games" (Reiss, 2008). For this activity the instructions are to set up timed competitions and group students by tables or divide the classroom into two. This activity provides a gemlike structure that can help motivate and involve all students.

Vostal, B. R., Oehrtman, J. P., & Gilfillan, B. H. (2023). School Counselors Engaging All Students: Universal Design for Learning in Classroom Lesson Planning. Professional School Counseling, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759x231203199

20 Vocabulary Lesson Ideas. (n.d.). Education Missouri. Retrieved November 2, 2023, from https://education.missouri.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2012/10/Vocabulary-Lesson-Classroom-Ideas.pdf]]> 2023-11-02 18:25:43 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2774265450 Equity and Inclusion lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2774266200 It's important that educators are aware of the needs of all students. For example, ELLs "will agentively choose to use languages other than English (LOTEs) to make sense of schoolwork..." (Daniel & Pacheco, n.d., p.653). This helps to shed light on what may be going through a students mind while in class and learning vocabulary and new words. To be inclusive of all it is important to be knowledgable of this as an educator to help understand students and assist their needs.

Daniel, S. M., & Pacheco, M. B. (n.d.). Translanguaging Practices and Perspectives for Four Multilingual Teens. 653–662. Retrieved November 3, 2023. ]]> 2023-11-02 18:26:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2774266200 Definition lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2775378505 Reading Rockets (n.d.) states that writing is a complex process that requires a wide range of skills that includes: a strong vocabulary, understanding of the genre presented,  structure of the text and voice, basic mechanical skills such as grammar and punctuation, organizational skills, and higher order thinking.

Basics: Writing | Reading Rockets. (n.d.). Www.readingrockets.org. Retrieved November 3, 2023, from https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/writing]]> 2023-11-03 14:12:24 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2775378505 Teacher Application lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2775378983 Teachers have a big task when it comes to teaching writing. Reading Rockets (n.d.) presents four ways in which students need to develop a broad set of writing skills:

1.) Basic writing skills-- this includes instruction on how to spell, capitalize, punctuation, handwriting and sentence structure.
2.) Text generation-- this is translating one's thoughts into language. This includes vocabulary, elaboration of detail, and the clarity of expression.
3.) Writing process-- in order to do this the teacher is expected to plan, revise and edit which then later on in later grades they can eventually do this themselves. This process is extremely important to success in writing throughout schooling years.
4.) Writing knowledge-- Writing knowledge is the  understanding of discourse and genre. For example, writing knowledge can include writing for an audience,  the writer needs to understand the need to convey meaning clearly and appropriately (tone and important details to include) to the people who will be reading the writing.

Basics: Writing | Reading Rockets. (n.d.). Www.readingrockets.org.  Retrieved November 3, 2023, from https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/writing]]> 2023-11-03 14:12:46 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2775378983 Connection to Counseling lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2775379401 In the section of "Growing Writers", there is the topic of Imagination Collaboration where actor Erica Perl (Dotty) visits a third grade class. This is an example that a school counselor can use by providing and coordinating helpful tools for students. The school counselor can also conduct a group session where the students who may be struggling a little more can do role-playing activities or even have a "writing group" to further work on skills needed. Another idea for a school counselor would be to conduct a lesson for classes on writing. 

Growing Writers | Reading Rockets. (n.d.). Www.readingrockets.org. Retrieved November 3, 2023, from https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/launching-young-readers/growing-writers]]> 2023-11-03 14:13:08 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2775379401 Equity and Inclusion lopes30 https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2775379683 To ensure equity and inclusion, it is important that educators choose accessible approaches to the writing classroom, use a diverse and inclusive set of texts (that are approved), use effective collaboration with writing centers if there are any, and use equity in writing assessments (seek alternative grading approaches.

Accessible approaches to writing classroom: Strive to be  active in making your classroom more accessible. Ways to do this can look like prioritizing becoming more knowledgeable,  flexible, and open to making changes that respond to what students need.

Diverse and Inclusive Texts: While Florida has been having an issue of "banned books" it's important to find what can work. Classrooms are diverse on multiple levels-- students in the room from may have come from other states, countries, and language backgrounds. It's important that students see themselves reflected in class content.

Effective Collaboration With Writing Centers: This applies mainly to middle school and high school because it may be more likely to have a writing center or teachers can do "writing workshops" in these settings. But it is important for students to continue to work on wiring and for it to be critiqued before grading so that they learn and can work on making changes that need to be made.

Equity in Writing Assessments: Departing from traditional grading systems can allow for greater equity in a writing class. Outcomes can be less stress for students and educators, more focus on content, writing practices, and the learning process. This can also potentially help build a stronger sense of community in the classroom. There are two ways that can be adopted by teachers: less grading with a summative assessment at the end and contract grading with students completing required assessments required for a grade at the end. 

Inclusive Teaching in the Writing Classroom | Teaching Writing. (n.d.). Www.bu.edu. Retrieved November 5, 2023, from https://www.bu.edu/teaching-writing/resources-for-teaching-writing/guides-tips/inclusive-teaching-in-the-writing-classroom/]]> 2023-11-03 14:13:21 UTC https://padlet.com/lopes30/9vrun7s74d4g1f5p/wish/2775379683