Tutorial 5 by Yuhanis Mohamed Noor

MALAYSIA

yuhanis_mn — 2017-03-13 08:02:55 UTC

1. Location-specific advantage: offers a cost-competitive location for investors intending to set up offshore operations for the manufacture of advanced technological products for regional and international markets.

2. Total exports: RM 785.93 billion

3. Total imports: RM 698.66 billion

4. Exporting countries:

5. Importing countries:

NUR SYASHA LYANA BINTI MOHAMAD NOOR LEE

2017-03-13 09:06:18 UTC

A14A1384
CHINA
1.location- specific advantage:
many foreign corporation should have high profit margins due to location or market premiums because of the lower cost and higher selling prices. Chinese tax authorities -- notably the State Administration of Taxation (SAT) -- have put a significant emphasis on this concept in recent years. Indeed, the SAT has publicly announced that it would review how the cost advantages arising in China impacts the profitability of Chinese tax payers, and at various occasions pointed to location savings arising in China. Mr. Gonnet assesses what economic methods can be used to properly quantify and apportion the location specific advantages between a Chinese subsidiary and its foreign parent and/or the other parts of the group to which it belongs.
2. Total export : US$2.282 trillion in 2015 .
Total Import: US$24,338.8 B
Exporting Country:
Importing Country: $144.43 B

Durga Devi a/p Sager (A14A1230)

2017-03-13 09:15:25 UTC

United States

Choong Siaw Rei (A14A0122)

2017-03-13 09:15:34 UTC

Taiwan
1. Location-specific advantage:
Taiwan recovered as one of the first economies worldwide from the financial crisis. The island is a member of the World Trade Organisation, the Asian Development Bank and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Its location in the centre of the Asia-Pacific region makes it an ideal geographic hub for worldwide transport and logistics. Taiwan has a sound legal system with a high general awareness for human rights as well as for patents and intellectual property rights. Companies can also profit from Taiwan’s political and economical stability.

2. Total exports: US$280.5 billion in 2016

Electrical machinery, equipment: US$124.1 billion (44.3% of total exports)
Machinery including computers: $30.2 billion (10.8%)
Plastics, plastic articles: $17.6 billion (6.3%)
Optical, technical, medical apparatus: $14.8 billion (5.3%)
Mineral fuels including oil: $9.8 billion (3.5%)
Vehicles: $9.3 billion (3.3%)
Organic chemicals: $7.8 billion (2.8%)
Iron, steel: $7.7 billion (2.8%)
Articles of iron or steel: $6.7 billion (2.4%)
Copper: $3.5 billion (1.2%)

3. Total Import : US$231 billion in 2016

Electrical machinery, equipment: US$58.4 billion (25.3% of total imports)
Machinery including computers: $33.6 billion (14.5%)
Plastics, plastic articles: $6.5 billion (2.8%)
Optical, technical, medical apparatus: $10.3 billion (4.4%)
Mineral fuels including oil: $31.9 billion (13.8%)
Vehicles: $7.3 billion (3.2%)
Organic chemicals: $7.4 billion (3.2%)
Iron, steel: $6.4 billion (2.8%)
Articles of iron or steel: $6 billion (2.6%)
Copper: $4.3 billion (1.9%)

4. Exporting Countries (year 2016)

China: US$73.9 billion (26.4% of total Taiwanese exports)
Hong Kong: $38.4 billion (13.7%)
United States: $33.6 billion (12%)
Japan: $19.6 billion (7%)
Singapore: $16.2 billion (5.8%)
South Korea: $12.8 billion (4.6%)
Vietnam: $9.6 billion (3.4%)
Philippines: $8.7 billion (3.1%)
Malaysia: $7.8 billion (2.8%)
Germany: $5.9 billion (2.1%)
Thailand: $5.5 billion (2%)
Netherlands: $4.5 billion (1.6%)
United Kingdom: $3.6 billion (1.3%)
Australia: $3.1 billion (1.1%)
India: $2.8 billion (1%)

5. Importing Countries (year 2016)

China: US$44 billion (19.1% of total Taiwanese imports)
United States: $28.8 billion (12.5%)
Japan: $40.7 billion (17.6%)
Singapore: $7.5 billion (3.3%)
South Korea: $14.7 billion (6.3%)
Malaysia: $6.3 billion (2.7%)
Germany: $8.6 billion (3.7%)
Netherlands: $4.1 billion (1.8%)
Australia: $6.1 billion (2.6%)
Indonesia: $4.3 billion (1.9%)
Saudi: $5.8 billion (2.5%)

CHONG SIEW WAY (A14A0118)

siewway94 — 2017-03-13 09:18:41 UTC

HONG KONG

1. Location-specific advantages
Hong Kong's capital account is fully convertible, and there are no restrictions on foreign exchange dealings. For example, property, securities, gold and silver can be bought and sold by anyone, without restriction. A strong and well-regulated financial sector, a free press, the free flow of information, low taxes and a simple taxation system, a pool of managerial talent with international experience, ease of access, proximity to major markets, and a dense network of services firms are among the strengths and advantages of doing business in Hong Kong.

1. Major Import & Export

Total Export by Major Commodity (2015)

Total Import by Major Commodity (2015)

Total Export by Main Destination (2015)

Total Import by Main Supplier (2015)

CHONG FUNG JIN (A14A0115)

2017-03-13 09:19:31 UTC

SINGAPORE

1. Location- specific advantages

Singapore located at the crossroads of international trade routes in the heart of Asia. Singapore's strategic location and political stability have made it an attractive oasis for many foreign corporation seeking to target Asian Markets.

2. Major export and import activities for the country

FUNG SOO ENG A14A0181

2017-03-13 09:20:08 UTC

Canada

the location specific advantage for Canada:
Canada is one of the largest free-trade zones in the world for firms importing manufacturing goods. It is the first country in the G-20 to offer a tariff-free zone for industrial manufacturers. Canada has implemented a major new incentive that will see tariffs on all manufacturing inputs reduced to zero by 2015. This will make Canada very competitive for firms importing manufacturing goods. Investors who choose Canada will have the advantage of importing advanced machinery and equipment into Canada from their parent companies free of import duties. The appreciating Canadian dollar, combined with these investment measures, helps reduce the import costs of advanced machinery and equipment. These very progressive measures make Canada an even more attractive investment location for foreign investors.

2. total export in 2016:

Vehicles : US$64.3 billion (16.5% of total exports)
Mineral fuels including oil: $62.3 billion (16%)
Machinery including computers: $30 billion (7.7%)
Gems, precious metals: $18.7 billion (4.8%)
Wood: $13.2 billion (3.4%)
Electrical machinery, equipment: $12.6 billion (3.2%)
Plastics, plastic articles: $12.1 billion (3.1%)
Aircraft, spacecraft: $10.3 billion (2.6%)
Pharmaceuticals: $8.4 billion (2.2%)
Aluminum: $8.1 billion (2.1%)

3. total import in 2016:

Vehicles: US$67.6 billion (16.8% of total imports)
Machinery including computers: $61.8 billion (15.3%)
Electrical machinery, equipment: $39.6 billion (9.8%)
Mineral fuels including oil: $25.3 billion (6.3%)
Plastics, plastic articles: $14.7 billion (3.7%)
Optical, technical, medical apparatus: $11.9 billion (3%)
Pharmaceuticals: $11.4 billion (2.8%)
Gems, precious metals: $10.5 billion (2.6%)
Furniture, bedding, lighting, signs, prefab buildings: $8.8 billion (2.2%)
Articles of iron or steel: $8.4 billion (2.1%)

NURUL AINA BINTI KAMARUDDIN

2017-03-13 09:20:54 UTC

A14A0842
JORDAN
1. Location-specific advantages
Jordan’s strategic location at the meeting point of Asia, Europe and Africa, make it a link between the three continents. The Kingdom represents an ideal gateway to Middle East and North African countries (MENA). A region which has over US$ 350 million consumers whose purchasing power exceeds US$ 500 billion.

Jordan has one of the highest literacy rates in the region, 89%. With its large pool of high caliber intellectual and professional expertise, Jordan became a major supplier of brainpower to neighboring countries. Jordan’s manufacturing labor cost per hour is significantly lower than that of other nations. It is equivalent to 5% of Japan’s labor cost, 7.4% of the US labor cost and 9,4% to the UK labor cost.

2.Major export and import

Exports | $6.521 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.)Export goods(Clothing, Pharmaceuticals,Potash, Phosphates, fertilizers, vegetable.)

Imports | $15.65 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.)Import goods(Crude oil, Textile Fabrics,Machinery, Transport Equipment, Manufactured Goods).

NURUL NASHIDA BINTI ABDUL NASHIR A14A0886

nashida — 2017-03-13 09:21:19 UTC

UNITED KINGDOM

1. Location-specific advantages
The UK is an attractive location to site an international holding company since not only does it offer a relatively stable legal, political and economic system it also has an attractive tax regime in its own right and extensive tax treaty network with the rest of the world.

The location of a holding company is an important consideration in any international structure where there is a desire to minimise the tax charged on the income flow.

The UK:

has a low rate (20%) of corporation tax
exempts dividends received from subsidiaries in many countries from corporation tax
does not charge capital gains tax on the disposal of trading subsidiaries
does not levy withholding tax on distributions from the holding company to its parent or shareholder
has no capital gains tax on profits arising from the sale of shares in the holding company by non-resident shareholders
offers extensive reliefs for early stage businesses
offers extensive relief for expenditure on qualifying research and development
has the option of a remittance basis of taxation for non-UK domiciled individuals who come to the UK, for example as holding company directors]

2.Major export and import

Exports

United Kingdom exported $472B, making it the 9th largest exporter in the world. During the last five years the exports of the United Kingdom have increased at an annualized rate of 6.8%, from $339B in 2009 to $472B in 2014. The most recent exports are led by Cars which represent 9.7% of the total exports of the United Kingdom, followed by Gold, which account for 7.91%.

Imports

United Kingdom imported $663B, making it the 5th largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of the United Kingdom have increased at an annualized rate of 6.2%, from $490B in 2009 to $663B in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Cars which represent 7.12% of the total imports of the United Kingdom, followed by Crude Petroleum, which account for 5.13%.

The top export destinations of the United Kingdom are

United States($51B)
Germany ($46.5B)
Netherlands ($34.2B), Switzerland($33.6B)
France ($27B).

The top import origins are

Germany ($100B)
China ($62.7B)
Netherlands ($50.7B)
United States ($44.4B)
France ($41.5B)

NADIA SHAHIRAH BT MUSTAFFA A14B1505

nashida — 2017-03-13 09:22:16 UTC

INDONESIA

Indonesia is a country that rich in natural resources.

Fisheries.

Indonesia is an archipelago (archipelagic state) the largest in the world with as many as 17,504 pieces islands and long coastline of 104,000 km (‘Bakosurtanal’, 2006).
The total area of the Indonesia Ocean is approximately 3,544 million km2 (Maritime Affairs and Fisheries in Figures 2010), or about 70% of the territory of Indonesia.

Tourism sector.

Minister of Tourism and Creative Economy, Mari Elka Pangestu said Indonesia has superior competitiveness in the tourism sector in comparison to the Philippines, Vietnam and Cambodia.
The strength of Indonesia is located on the cultural resources and natural resources, as an asset that we can promote.
Indonesia’s competitiveness in the natural resources occupies the 6th position in the world, while the cultural resources rank 30 out of approximately 130 countries in the ranking of the World Economic Forum.

The top exports of Indonesia are :

Coal Briquettes ($20B)
Palm Oil ($17.5B)
Petroleum Gas ($17B)
Crude Petroleum ($9.7B)
Rubber ($5.42B)

Its top imports are :

Refined Petroleum ($26B)
Crude Petroleum ($12.1B)
Petroleum Gas ($4.04B)
Vehicle Parts ($3.01B)
Broadcasting Equipment ($2.78B)

The top export destinations of Indonesia are :

Japan ($24.9B)
China ($20.8B)
United States ($18.8B)
Singapore ($18.7B)
India ($13.6B)

The top import origins are:

China ($32.5B)
Singapore ($25.6B)
Japan ($15.4B)
South Korea ($11.6B)
Malaysia ($10.6B)

NURFITRAH HIDAYAH KHALIT (A14A1393) SWEDEN

2017-03-13 09:23:16 UTC

1) Location- specific advantage:
Sweden is the seventh-richest country in the world in terms of GDP (gross domestic product) per capita and a high standard of living is experienced by its citizens. Sweden is an export-oriented mixed economy. Timber, hydropower and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy with a heavy emphasis on foreign trade. Sweden's engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports, while telecommunications, the automotive industry and the pharmaceutical industries are also of great importance. Sweden is the ninth-largestarns exporter in the world. Agriculture accounts for 2% of GDP and employment. The country ranks among the highest for telephone and Internet access penetration

2) Major export and import :
-Sweden’s primary export commodities include industrial machinery, automobiles, paper products, iron and steel products, pulp and wood, and chemicals. The following chart shows the distribution of Sweden’s export partners. All data are in percentages.

- Sweden’s primary export commodities include industrial machinery, automobiles, paper products, iron and steel products, pulp and wood, and chemicals. The following chart shows the distribution of Sweden’s export partners. All data are in percentages.

Sweden’s primary import commodities include machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing. The following chart shows the distribution of Sweden’s import partners. All data are in percentages.

weden’s primary import commodities include machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing. The following chart shows the distribution of Sweden’s import partners. All data are in percentages.

SABIDATUL MAZLIN BT ABD AZIZ (A14A0959) INDIA

2017-03-13 09:24:04 UTC

Nik Mohd Shukri Bin Nik Ismail (A14B1508)

nikshukri — 2017-03-13 09:26:08 UTC

Somaliland

1. Location-specific advantage for the country

The sun-blasted streets of the Somaliland capital, Hargeisa. Agriculture is generally considered to be a potentially successful industry. Somaliland Livestock is the backbone of the Somaliland region's economy. Sheep, camels, and cattle.

2. Major export and import activities for the country.

Exports

Livestock is the backbone of Somaliland economy and provides subsistence to a considerable proportion of the local population; it contributes to more than 60% of the national GDP and export earnings. This sector is an important supplement to the income and diet of much of the nomadic or semi-nomadic pastoralists. Livestock now regarded as a source of cash income, as well as a traditional unit of social status and pledge of lineage responsibility, and a last resort against famine in the harsh dry seasons.

Saudi Arabia is the leading destination of Somaliland livestock mainly exported during the Hajj – the largest annual Muslim gathering – while Yemen is regarded as the second most important destination of livestock. UAE, Omen and India are also major export partners of Somalia including Somaliland.

Imports

Due to the weakness of local production, consumer as well as producer goods are mostly imported from foreign countries. Imports principally through Berbera Port are classified into food items i.e., sugar, rice, wheat flour, wheat, cooking oil, dates, pasta, biscuits etc. And nonfood items including petrol, diesel, clothes, cars/trucks, spare parts, cigarettes, soap, building materials etc. However another import channel is Wajale customs in the Ethiopia-Somaliland border, where food and nonfood items primarily Kat are imported.

Both food and nonfood items are monthly imported through Berbera Port. Sugar, rice and wheat flour contribute the largest share of food items with hundreds of thousands tons monthly while dates and biscuits account for the smallest share. On the other hand, fuel, clothes and vehicles are constantly imported with thousands of tons.

As Somaliland imports most of consumed food and manufactured goods, its trading partners are Ethiopia, Yemen, Brazil, Thailand, China, Oman, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Malaysia, India, Pakistan, Turkey, UAE, Japan, Malta and Italy.

FARAH AIN SHAHEIRA BINTI ARIFIN (A14A0155)

2017-03-13 09:27:08 UTC

MEXICO

1) Location-specific advantage

🌺Mexico is an export-oriented economy. It is an important trade power as measured by the value of merchandise traded, and the country with the greatest number of free trade agreements.
🌺 In 2005, Mexico was the world's fifteenth largest merchandise exporter and twelfth largest merchandise importer with a 12% annual percentage increase in overall trade.
🌺From 1991 to 2005 Mexican trade increased fivefold. Mexico is the biggest exporter and importer in Latin America; in 2005, Mexico alone exported US $213.7 billion, roughly equivalent to the sum of the exports of Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Uruguay, and Paraguay.

2) Major export and import

🔹Exports $359.3 billion (2016 est.)
🔹Export goods
automobiles, electronics, televisions, computers, mobile phones, LCDs, oil and oil products, silver, fruits, vegetables, coffee, cotton.
🔹Main export partners
United States 80.3%
Canada 2.7%
China 1.5%
Spain 1.5%
Brazil 1.2% (2014 est.)
🔹Imports $372.8 billion (2016 est.)
🔹Import goods
metalworking machines, steel mill products, agricultural machinery, metals, repair parts for motor vehicles, aircraft, and aircraft parts, oil production equipment
🔹Main import partners
United States 49.0%
China 16.6%
Japan 4.4%
Germany 3.4%
South Korea 3.4% (2014 est.)

NOOR ATIKAH BINTI MOHAMAD ASRI A14A0529

2017-03-13 09:28:47 UTC

COLOMBIA
1) Located on the northwest corner of South America, Colombia is the only nation in the region with coasts on both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. It is divided into five regions: the Andes Mountains; the Pacific Ocean coastal region; the Caribbean Sea coastal region; the llanos or plains; and the Amazon Rainforest.
-- colombia has offered a set of conditions that have minimized the risks of involvement in the cocaine trade, attract the refining process, and allowed colombians to control Andean Coca markets.
-- Colombia unique combination of local characteristic that together provide domestic traffickers with significance competitive advantage. this location specific advantage derive from a variety of source.
colombia success in cocaine trade is its favorable physical location.
-- furthermore, agreement explaining colombia's advantage as the most accessible location ignores that facts that colombians trafickking groups have create competitive advantage in the cocaine trade by mastering the appropriated technology and techniques required for success.

2) Exports and Imports.
Colombia also actively engages in import and export activities; however, its poor economy is a challenge to traders. A factor that goes against importers’ interests is the low demand for mainstream commodities in the country. Colombia shares strong export markets with its Latin American counterparts. Being one of the largest producers of emeralds in the world, Colombia provides a good market for investors who are involved in international gem and jewelry industry.
Colombia's primary export commodities include petroleum, coffee, coal, nickel, emeralds, bananas and apparel. The following chart shows Colombia's exports from 2008 to 2009. All data are in USD billion.

NURATIQAH BINTI HAMDAN (A14A0802)

2017-03-13 09:32:06 UTC

AUSTRALIA

The top exports of Australia are Iron Ore ($60B), Coal Briquettes($37.2B), Petroleum Gas ($16.3B), Gold ($16.3B) and Crude Petroleum($9.1B), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification.
Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($16.6B), Crude Petroleum ($16.2B), Cars ($15.7B), Computers ($7.37B) and Packaged Medicaments ($6.5B).

SHAHIDA AMIRA BINTI AWANG

2017-03-13 09:36:51 UTC

New Zealand

Nur amira syakira binti zainuzzaman a14a1360

2017-03-13 09:39:15 UTC

Arab Saudi

NOOR ZAWANI BINTI ZABIDI A14A0548

2017-03-13 09:39:53 UTC

CAPE VERDE

ARIVALAGI A/P ILANGO (A14A0073)

2017-03-13 09:40:45 UTC

Greece

Rozatul jannah binti Rosli (a14a0956)

2017-03-13 09:41:09 UTC

MYANMAR
1)location-specific advantage for the country.
🌸 Myanmar is endowed with Asia’s most outstanding location. Geographically, Myanmar is the Asian economy most strategically positioned to benefit from the dual economic ascension of China and India.
🌸 Myanmar is on the cusp of an industrialisation process that should see it rapidly build out its domestic manufacturing capacity and (given its abundant and youthful population) become a magnet for foreign direct investment.
🌸 Economic reforms and the lifting of sanctions are seeing Myanmar rapidly re-engage with the rest of the world, and the speed of that re-engagement is not without risk.
🌸 Economic and political isolation has resulted in poorly capitalised financial institutions, untested regulatory structures that may have too heavy or too light a hand, and a workforce with a skillset unsuitable to the production platforms the rest of the region is now attracting.
2) major export and import activities for the country.
Export
Myanmar once was Asia's largest rice exporter, and still accounts for nearly a third of the world's total teak production.
Myanmar’s largest exports are mineral commodities. These include items such as natural gas, petroleum, petroleum products, precious and semi-precious stones, tin, tungsten, zinc, coal, copper, lead and cement. The largest export item is natural gas, which is largely responsible for Myanmar's economic growth.
Other major commodities exported by Myanmar are pulses and beans, wood/forest products notably teak, fish, rice, rubber, clothing/garments, jade and gems. Official export figures may be grossly underestimated: Timber, jade and gems, rice, and other products find their way to Thailand and China unreported.
Import
Myanmar mainly imports fuel, vegetable oil, vehicles, pharmaceutical products, construction equipment, polymers, tires and machinery. Myanmar's main imports partners are China, Japan, India, Indonesia, Germany, France and Hong Kong.

FARIHA BINTI MOHAMAD KHIDZIR (A14A0159)

2017-03-13 09:43:00 UTC

England

SYAZANA BINTI SAMSUDDIN (A14A1453)

2017-03-13 09:45:20 UTC

Russia

CHEK WAI SEE (A14A1222)

2017-03-13 09:47:42 UTC

SPAIN

1. Location-specific Advantages

Spain is Europe’s second most mountainous country after Switzerland and is a perfect location for any organisation wishing to develop business in Western Europe.
Spain has access to the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea with numerous large ports and a merchant fleet. Spain’s borders with France and Portugal encourage the flow of capital and commerce within Western Europe.
This unique location makes Spain very attractive to foreign investors. Its highly developed economy and stable political situation help to ensure that investments in Spain are successful.
As part of the EU, Spain has become a very important player in international affairs since emerging from international isolation during the Franco era.

2. Major export activities in Spain (2015)

The total value of exports (FOB) is US$ 278,122 million.
The total value of imports (CIF) is US$ 305,266 million.
At the HS6 digit level, 4,509 products are exported to 226 countries and 4,558 products are imported from 229 countries.

Top 10 Export Goods (by HS Code)Export Volume ($)

Motor Vehicles & Parts | $49,701,780,06084
Industrial Machinery | $22,242,249,143
Electrical Machinery | $15,708,540,079
Oil & Mineral Fuels | $13,887,831,087
Pharmaceuticals | $11,339,180,336
Plastics| $10,859,182,647
Fruit & Nuts | $9,032,634,573
Items nesoi | $7,842,676,453
Apparel: Non Knit | $7,476,219,858
Iron & Steel Articles | $7,142,132,943

Top 10 Export Partners Export Volume ($)

France | $42,997,774,784
Germany | $30,077,279,108
Italy | $20,758,317,735
United Kingdom | $20,258,010,276
Portugal | $19,913,784,575
United States | $12,667,946,335
Netherlands | $8,820,161,375
Belgium | $7,383,809,957
Morocco | $6,810,991,118
Turkey | $5,649,540,100

3. Major import activities in Spain (2015)
Top 10 Import Goods (by HS Code)Import Volume ($)

Oil & Mineral Fuels | $42,833,721,048
Motor Vehicles & Parts | $38,809,694,970
Industrial Machinery | $29,321,639,705
Electrical Machinery | $23,849,196,791
Pharmaceuticals | $14,709,962,469
Plastics | $10,701,959,512
Apparel: Non Knit | $9,416,825,574
Organic Chemicals | $9,326,659,608
Iron & Steel | $8,254,638,275
Precision Instruments | $7,580,755,982

Top 10 Import Partners Import Volume ($)

Germany | $39,853,501,230
France | $33,030,898,600
China | $26,474,440,156
Italy | $19,241,295,320
United States | $14,246,501,505
United Kingdom | $13,965,678,052
Netherlands | $12,705,721,257
Portugal | $11,901,000,230
Belgium | $7,848,510,709
Algeria | $7,198,254,910

MUHAMAD AMIER AIEMAN BIN MUHAMAD SHARIF

2017-03-13 09:48:13 UTC

ANGOLA

LOCATION-SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE
Angola has a rich subsoil heritage, from diamonds, oil, gold, copper and a rich wildlife (dramatically impoverished during the civil war), forest and fossils. Since independence, oil and diamonds have been the most important economic resource. Smallholder and plantation agriculture have dramatically dropped because of the Angolan Civil War, but have begun to recover after 2002. The transformation industry that had come into existence in the late colonial period collapsed at independence, because of the exodus of most of the ethnic Portuguese population, but has begun to reemerge with updated technologies, partly because of the influx of new Portuguese entrepreneurs. Similar developments can be verified in the service sector. The Economist reported in 2008 that diamonds and oil make up 60% of Angola's economy, almost all of the country's revenue and are its dominant exports. Growth is almost entirely driven by rising oil production which surpassed 1.4 million barrels per day (220,000 m³/d) in late 2005 and was expected to grow to 2 million barrels per day (320,000 m³/d) by 2007. Control of the oil production is consolidated in Sonangol Group, a conglomerate owned by the Angolan government. In December 2006, Angola was admitted as a member of OPEC. However, operations in diamond mines include partnerships between state-run Endiama and mining companies such as ALROSA which continue operations in Angola. The economy grew 18% in 2005, 26% in 2006 and 17.6% in 2007. However, due to the global recession the economy contracted an estimated −0.3% in 2009. The security brought about by the 2002 peace settlement has led to the resettlement of 4 million displaced persons, thus resulting in large-scale increases in agriculture production

Major Export For Angola
As of 2014, over 97 percent of Angola's exports are in the form of crude petroleum and other petroleum byproducts. Angola is a member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC, an organization of Middle Eastern and African nations that export large amounts of crude oil

Major Import For Angola
Angola imports machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles and military goods. Portugal is the main supplier of the Angolan economy (18% of total imports) followed by China, United States, Brazil and South Africa. This page provides the latest reported value for - Angola Imports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news. Angola Imports - actual data, historical chart and calendar of releases - was last updated on March of 2017.

MUHAMMAD HAKIMI BIN ZUHAIRI (A14B1189)

2017-03-13 09:56:55 UTC

NETHERLAND

WONG KAR MUN (A14A1156)

2017-03-13 10:05:59 UTC

South Korea
1. Location-specific advantage of South Korea

Geographically: Korea finds itself squeezed among three titans: China, Japan, and Russia—a position that confers great challenges and, potentially, great benefits.

Economically: The country is poised at a critical juncture. While its mighty manufacturing engine powered it to great heights in the last century, to thrive in the new one it will need to develop an equally strong service sector.

2i) Total Exports in 2016: US$495.5 billion

Electrical machinery, equipment: US$134.3 billion (27.1% of total exports)
Vehicles : $62.7 billion (12.6%)
Machinery including computers: $58.3 billion (11.8%)
Ships, boats: $33.2 billion (6.7%)
Plastics, plastic articles: $27.7 billion (5.6%)
Optical, technical, medical apparatus: $27.6 billion (5.6%)
Mineral fuels including oil: $27.4 billion (5.5%)
Iron, steel: $18.7 billion (3.8%)
Organic chemicals: $17.9 billion (3.6%)
Articles of iron or steel: $11.1 billion (2.2%)

2ii) Total Imports in 2016: US$406.1 billion

Mineral fuels including oil: US$81.7 billion (20.1% of total imports)
Electrical machinery, equipment: $75.1 billion (18.5%)
Machinery including computers: $46 billion (11.3%)
Optical, technical, medical apparatus: $17.5 billion (4.3%)
Vehicles : $15.2 billion (3.8%)
Iron, steel: $14.3 billion (3.5%)
Organic chemicals: $10.9 billion (2.7%)
Ores, slag, ash: $10.9 billion (2.7%)
Plastics, plastic articles: $10.1 billion (2.5%)
Other chemical goods: $6.7 billion (1.6%)

2iii) Exporting countries in 2016: US$495.5 billion

China: US$124.4 billion (25.1% of total Korean exports)
United States: $66.8 billion (13.5%)
Hong Kong: $32.8 billion (6.6%)
Vietnam: $32.7 billion (6.6%)
Japan: $24.4 billion (4.9%)
Singapore: $12.5 billion (2.5%)
Taiwan: $12.2 billion (2.5%)
India: $11.6 billion (2.3%)
Mexico: $9.7 billion (2%)
Marshall Islands: $7.7 billion (1.6%)

2iv) Exporting countries in 2016: US$405.1 billion

China: U$7710436.00
European Union: U$4252674.00
Japan: U$4219042.00
United States: U$3553561.00
Germany: U$1530867.00
Saudi Arabia: U$1503891.00
Taiwan: U$1429261.00
Australia: U$1316765.00
Qatar: U951535.00
Russia 829823.00

NASRIN BATRISHA BINTI M KASIM (A14A0501)

eja_hujan94 — 2017-03-13 10:09:07 UTC

TURKEY
1) Location-Specific Advantage for Turkey shows Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is playing a growing role in the Turkish economy. Key location advantages for effeciency seeking for FDI.

NUR ADILAH BINTI MUSA (A14A0644)

2017-03-13 10:09:21 UTC

ARGENTINA
1. Location-specific advantage for the country :
Shaped like a wedge with its point in the south, Argentina, the second-largest country in South America, dominates the southern part of the continent. More than 10% of the world's flora varieties are found in Argentina. The magnificent grasslands have figured prominently in the development of Argentina's world-famous cattle industry. Evergreen beeches and Paraná pine are common. From yerba maté comes the national drink immortalized in gaucho literature, while the shade-providing ombú is a national symbol.
Argentina has just under 250,000 km² of arable land. • This wealth of fertile land and a competitive industry makes Argentina:
÷ The world’s leading producer and exporter of sunflower oil
÷ The world’s leading exporter and third largest producer of soybean oil
÷ The world’s leading exporter and second largest producer of honey
÷ The world’s leading exporter of horse meat ÷ The world’s second largest exporter of corn
÷ The world’s third largest producer of soybeans
÷ The world’s third largest producer and second largest exporter of lemons
÷ The world’s third largest producer of beef ÷ The world’s sixth largest producer of wine
2. Major export and import activities for the country
-Agriculture and agro-industry in Argentina focus on the production of cereal, oil grains and seeds, sugar, fruit, wine, tea, tobacco, and cotton. Argentina is one of the greatest food-producing and food-exporting countries of the world, with an estimated 27,200,000 hectares (67,210,000 acres) of arable and permanent cropland. Agriculture and animal husbandry have traditionally supplied the nation with 70–95% of its export earnings, and the landowners have alternated the two activities in accordance with prices on the world market. As of 2001, agriculture made up 5% of the GDP. Agricultural products also accounted for 41% of exports by value.
-The top five imports of the country are cars, petroleum gas, vehicle parts, refined petroleum and telephones.Argentina's top trading partners are Brazil and China for both imports and exports. Argentina also exports heavily to Chile, the United States, Spain, Venezuela, Canada, the Netherlands, Germany and Colombia. The country imports heavily from the United States, Germany, Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago, Bolivia, France, Italy and Japan.Imports of luxury cars have caused trade imbalances in Argentina in recent years, forcing the government to step in and restrict them. In 2011, the government forced car importers to provide an export of equal value, forcing many of them to get into new industries such as processed rice and soy flour. The government placed further restrictions on the import of vehicles in 2014. Auto manufacturers who build a model of car in Argentina, such as Toyota, are exempt from these restrictions.

Shanggari muniandy (a14a0981)

2017-03-13 10:15:07 UTC

POLAND

LIOW SHEAU CHI (A14A0282

2017-03-13 10:15:45 UTC

ITALY
1. Location-specific advantage:
The advantages of Italy are highly skilled workforce and great amounts of capital in regards to their manufactured foods, but the disadvantage is that is has lack of natural resources for energy and minerals, therefore is has a strong need of importing a majority of these products.

2. Total Export: $458,751,239,138
Total Import : $408,971,013,422

LEE YEN HUI

2017-03-13 10:16:18 UTC

Libya

WAN NUR LIYANA BINTI WAN ABDULLAH (A14A1150)

2017-03-13 10:18:11 UTC

BRAZIL
1. Location-specific advantage for the country.

: Dell decided to invest in Brazil because of its strategy to expand internationally. Dell had operations in many countries but did not have any manufacturing plants in Latin America, which was the fastest growing market for computers. Brazil was the ideal place for its manufacturing plant in Latin America because it presented a huge potential market for Dell since it was Latin America’s largest country with over 170 million people. Dell felt that the only way to dominate and become effective it the Brazilian market was to have its own manufacturing plant in Brazil.

2. Major export and import activities for the country.

IMPORT ACTIVITIES:
- An addition, Brazil contained high import tariffs which would cut away at Dell’s profits if it had to export products from the U.S. into Brazil. Also attractive was Brazil’s membership in Mercosul. This would be beneficial for Dell because any company producing 60% of a product in a Mercosul country would be exempt from all tariffs when exporting to other countries associated with Mercosul. These countries associated with Mercosul included Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile, Boliva, and Brazil. Therefore, Dell would have an advantage when exporting its products from Brazil to any of these other Mercosul countries.

EXPORT ACTIVITIES:
- Brazil is the 23rd largest export economy in the world and the 32nd most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Brazil exported $228B and imported $228B, resulting in a positive trade balance of $124M. In 2014 the GDP of Brazil was $2.42T and its GDP per capita was $15.9k.

The top exports of Brazil are Iron Ore ($26.9B), Soybeans ($23.6B), Crude Petroleum ($16.4B), Raw Sugar ($9.8B) and Poultry Meat($7.21B), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($17.2B), Crude Petroleum ($14B), Petroleum Gas ($8.24B), Cars($7.7B) and Vehicle Parts($7.17B).

The top export destinations of Brazil are China ($40.9B), the United States ($27.3B), Argentina($14.3B), the Netherlands($10.8B) and Germany ($8.19B). The top import origins are China($37.2B), the United States($35.1B), Argentina ($14B), Germany ($13.8B) and Nigeria($8.77B).

Brazil borders Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Paraguay, Suriname, Uruguayand Venezuela.
Brazil include:

machinery
vehicles
pharmaceuticals
electrical appliances
chemical products (mainly fungicides)

Ong Yi Theng A14A0920

2017-03-13 10:23:15 UTC

Japan
1. Location-specific advantage: Japan has a large industrial capacity, and is home to some of the largest and most technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, electronic , machines tools,steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemical substances, textiles, and processed food. Agricultural businesses in Japan cultivate 13 percent of Japan's land, and Japan accounts for nearly 15 percent of the global fish catch, second only to China.

2.Total Export:
Exports from Japan increased 1.3 percent year-on-year to JPY 5421.9 billion in January of 2017, following a 5.4 percent jump in December and compared to expectations of a 4.7 percent rise. Sales of machinery jumped 5.2 percent; mineral fuels went up 52.3 percent; other products increased 5.1 percent, namely scientific and optical instruments (3.5 percent); parts of motor vehicles rose 12.5 percent; IC went up 8.4 percent and iron ore and steel products gained 8.1 percent. In contrast, sales of motor vehicles made the largest downward contribution and contracted 6.7 percent. Shipments to China increased 3.1 percent (12.5 percent in December) and those to the US shrank 6.6 percent (+1.3 percent in December).

3. Total Import:
Imports to Japan surged 8.5 percent year-on-year to JPY 6508.8 billion in January of 2017, following a 2.6 percent fall in December and higher than market expectations of a 4.7 percent gain. It is the first annual rise in 27 months. Purchases of mineral fuels went up 26 percent, mainly due to petroleum (35.6 percent) and coal (52.2 percent). Imports also increased for others (7.5 percent), machinery (9.8 percent) and electrical machinery (5.3 percent). Imports from China increased 7.2 percent (-5 percent in December) and those from the US jumped 11.9 percent (+9.6 percent in December) while those from Western Europe shrank 4.8 percent (-3 percent in December).

LOH XIEYIN A14A 0287

2017-03-13 10:24:14 UTC

BANGLADESH
Location-specific advantage :

Bangladesh showed positive approach and will to sub-regional transit including India, Nepal and Bhutan. Bangladesh provide passage and logistic support for user fee
– infrastructure in land inland water and sea
– promote investment and economic development in extremely backward bordering districts
– accumulate regional social capital through greater trust and cooperation

Bangladesh would like to have greater economic integration particularly with India’s north east and through this facilitate north east’s socio-economic development and better connectivity with the rest of India for rapid development of the region. For this purpose they are keen on developing trade infrastructure / immigration/ customs facilities and establishing/ developing LCSs/ Land ports between Bangladesh and India’s north east. North east’s natural business partner and they would like to be more actively engaged in enhancing our business relations with India’s north east.
As a close door neighbour of India and specially the North Eastern States, Bangladesh presents immense opportunity to improve business for reciprocal economic development.

2. Major Export and Import activities :

MUHAMAD HANAFI BIN AZIZUL

2017-03-13 10:26:11 UTC

A14A1292
CAMEROON

Toh Chin shian (A14A1473)

2017-03-13 10:26:18 UTC

Jamaica

Izzatul SHAHIMA BT Mohamad yazid

2017-03-13 10:28:05 UTC

IZZATUL SHAHIMA BT MOHAMAD YAZID (A14A0215)

2017-03-13 10:28:06 UTC

DUBAI
1)

Nurul awati binti mohd lazin (A14A0857)

nurulawatie — 2017-03-13 10:29:02 UTC

Egypt
1.Location-specific advantage for the Egypt
Egypt is bounded on the n by the Mediterranean Sea, on the e by Israel and the Red Sea, on the s by Sudan, and on the w by Libya. The total land boundary length is 2,665 km (1,656 mi) and its total coastline is 2,450 km (1,522 mi). Egypt's capital city, Cairo, is located in the northeastern part of the country.
Situated at the northeastern corner of Africa, the Arab Republic of Egypt has an area of 1,001,450 sq km (386,662 sq mi), extending 1,572 km (997 mi) se–nw and 1,196 km (743 mi) ne–sw. However, the cultivated and settled area (Nile Valley, Delta, and oases) constitutes only about 3.5% of Egypt's land area; the Libyan and Western deserts occupy about 75% of the total. Comparatively, the area occupied by Egypt is slightly more than three times the size of the state of New Mexico. Beyond the Suez Canal in the east, the Sinai Peninsula overlaps into Asia; theSinai was occupied by Israeli forces from 1967 to 1982.

2. Major export and import activities for the Egypt.

EXPORT
-Oil export is central to the Egyptian economy. Egypt produces 630,600 barrels of oil a day, and exports 155,200 barrels per day, approximately. However, the country has huge oil reserves, 37 billion barrels proven and potentially more in uncharted areas, which can act as fuel for the economy for coming decades.
Apart from crude oil and petroleum products, the country also exports metal products, cotton, textiles and chemicals. Before World War II, cotton made up 90% of Egypt's exports, while cotton textiles had grown to 16% of exports by 1970. By 1985, however, oil had come to dominate trade, making up around 80% of exports.
EU and the US are the biggest exporting markets for Egyptian oil and other products. Italy has the largest share of the Egyptian export pie, accounting for 9.4% of the total volume. It is followed by the US (7.1%), India (6.2%), Spain (6.1%), Syria (5.5%), Saudia Arabia (4.6%), Japan (4.5%) and Germany (4.5%).

IMPORT
-Egypt import volumes reached US$43.98 billion in 2009, a 24% rise from the previous year’s level.

Due to surplus imports, Egypt has had a negative balance of trade since the 1980s. Based on total import volumes, the country ranks 49^th in the world.

Food, commodities, equipment and wood products are the major items of import.

The US is the largest import partner. It accounts for more than 10% of the total imports, followed by China (9.9%), Italy (7.3%), Germany (6.8%) and Saudi Arabia (4.9%).
Previously, Egypt used to be a strong trade ally of the communist bloc. Since the 1979 Camp David peace agreement with Israel, Egypt has become a staunch US ally, from whom it receives massive financial and military subsidies. It has gradually shifted trade partnerships to the western world, and enjoyed strong (but uneven) economic growth as a result. Egypt has signed several international trade agreements with partnering countries that govern the country’s international trade.

Tan Hui Ying (A14A1098

2017-03-13 10:29:54 UTC

Bulgaria:
1.Location-specific advantage for the country
Bulgaria has a unique geographical location, Bulgaria is located between Asia and Europe, is the Eurasian trade, energy corridor. Such a location for our global business to provide a convenient transportation base, immigration investment in Bulgaria can also bring a very big business opportunities.
Geographical location of Bulgaria is superior, which is located between Asia and Europe, it is the Eurasian trade, energy corridor, and wide radiation. For this the potential of Bulgaria is large. In recent years, Bulgaria has been favored by foreign investment, which is one of the important emerging markets, with the world more than 200 countries trade relations.

Besides that, Bulgaria has a better overall climate, beautiful scenery, natural food and good natural environment. Bulgaria low prices of real estate, the rapid development of the economy, as European investors are chase the target market, it become investment hot spots.

2. Major export and import activities for the country.
Bulgaria is characterised by an emerging market economy and the country is an important exporter of industrial commodities and agricultural and food products. The country’s main export partners are its neighbours and other European countries. Bulgaria is a member of the World Trade Organization and its trade policy is characterised by consistency, liberalized trade and compliance with the applicable international trade rules.

The main products exported by Bulgaria are: petroleum and petroleum products, packaged medicaments, chemicals, machinery, wheat and other food products. Bulgaria is an important coal producer in Europe and the country also produces perfumery essential oils, among which lavender and rose oil. The country’s main export partners are: Germany, Italy, Romania, Belgium, Turkey and Greece.

Bulgaria imports: mineral products, machinery and equipment, vehicles and equipment, rubber and plastics, textiles and various chemical products. The country’s main import partners are: Russia, Germany, China, Italy, Romania, Greece.

Toh Chin Shian

2017-03-13 10:30:51 UTC

Toh Chin Shian (A14A1473)

2017-03-13 10:30:55 UTC

Qatar

Zaiton banu binti sayed jaffar

2017-03-13 10:33:56 UTC

(A14a1176)
Khazakhstan

IZZATUL SHAHIMA BT MOHD YAZID (A14A0215)

shahimayazid — 2017-03-13 10:36:30 UTC

DUBAI
1)location specific advantage for the country
Dubai has made decisions that have taken advantage of its location mid-way between Asia and Europe. Situated along the ancient Silk Route, Dubai’s ports are now among the most active and efficient in the world. The UNCTAD Liner Connectivity Index, a measure of sea-based trade connectivity, ranks Dubai the highest in the region. Meanwhile, Dubai has invested heavily in infrastructure and logistics to overcome its comparatively poor natural resource base and become a global business, trade and tourism hub.

Infrastructure and logistics facilities, two key factors for connectivity, contribute to economic growth – both directly and indirectly. At the heart of today’s logistics revolution are the information systems and the integration of different transport modes – air, land and sea, leading to improved transport productivity growth and the vast benefits of the economics of networks. Whether telecommunications, IT, payment or transport networks, these generate economies of scale in production and consumption.

With no infrastructure legacy, Dubai has been able to invest in state-of-the-art infrastructure and technology in its airports, ports and public utilities, in addition to the facilitating ‘soft infrastructure’ – the laws and regulations and institutions, including free economic zones (such as JAFZA, Jebel Ali Free Zone) that were business-enabling and private-sector-investment-facilitating. Importantly, infrastructure and logistics investments were designed to be accessible for both domestic and international users.
2) export import of the country
Exports of petroleum-based products account for more than 60% of the country's total exports. However, Dubai and the other Emirates are successfully exporting gold, aluminum and other metals. With respect to imports, the most imported products by Dubai companies are gold, jewelry and vehicles.

Nur Amira Syakira Binti Zainuzzaman (A14A1360)

amira_070 — 2017-03-13 10:48:26 UTC

ARAB SAUDI
1)The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been rated as the 22nd most economically competitive country in the world, according to the International Finance Corporation (IFC)-World Bank's annual "Doing Business" report issued for 2013. Since 2004, the Kingdom has advanced its overall Doing Business rankings, from 67th to 22nd.
-Saudi Arabian companies dominate 2009's "MEED 100", with companies listed on the Tadawul, accounting for 29 out of the region’s 100 biggest publicly quoted companies ranked by market capitalisation. Just three of the 20 companies that have dropped out of the top 100 over the past year are listed on the Saudi stock exchange.

Foreigners are allowed to wholly own limited liability companies in the majority of industries. Non-Saudi nationals are required to obtain a foreign capital investment license from the Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority (SAGIA).

-Saudi Arabia is the 15th largest export economy in the world and the 26th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). This is the specific advantages for this country. In 2014, Saudi Arabia exported $306B and imported $146B, resulting in a positive trade balance of $159B. In 2014 the GDP of Saudi Arabia was $753B and its GDP per capita was $52k.
- The most recent exports are led by Crude Petroleum which represent 75.8% of the total exports of Saudi Arabia, followed by Refined Petroleum, which account for 6.45%.
-Saudi Arabia has natural resources other than oil, including small mineral deposits of gold, silver, iron copper, zinc, manganese, tungsten, lead, sulphur, phosphate, soapstone and feldspar. The country has a small agricultural sector, primarily in the southwest where annual rainfall averages 400 mm (16"). The country is one of the world's largest producers of dates.
2)Major export and import
-The top exports of Saudi Arabia are Crude Petroleum($232B), Refined Petroleum ($19.8B), Ethylene Polymers ($11.4B), Acyclic Alcohols ($7.37B) and Propylene Polymers ($6.6B), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification.
-The top export destinations of Saudi Arabia are China ($44.2B), Japan($42.5B), the united states($41.8B), South Korea ($33.1B) and India($30B).
-Its top imports are Cars ($13.6B), Refined Petroleum ($10.7B), Delivery Trucks ($3.48B), Planes, Helicopters, and Spacecraft ($3.06B) and Packaged Medicaments ($3.01B).
- The top import origins are China ($20.5B), the united states($15.4B), India ($13B), Germany$8.29B)
-the others imports are machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, motor vehicles, textiles.

NOR HIDAYAH BINTI ZULKIFLI A14A0593

2017-03-13 10:49:24 UTC

ARIZONA
1. location specific advantage:
The ability of an individual, company, or economy to conduct an activity better than another for reasons related to location. Location-specific advantages are important in making decisions such as the products one should make or sell, if a company is unable to make a product as well as another because resources are unavailable or difficult to acquire in a certain location, the company might be well advised to make a different product. For example, a lumber company in Oregon has a location-specific advantage to a lumber company in Arizona because there are simply more trees in Oregon. This makes it unlikely that the company in Arizona will be able to fill orders as well or as quickly as the company in Oregon. For this reason, the Arizona company's management might consider investing in mining instead of lumber jacking.

2.Major export and import activity of Arizona

Arizona exported $22.6 billion in goods such as electrical equipment,minerals&ores,transportation equipment and computer and electronic product to foreign markets in 2015. Arizona’s largest markets in 2015 were:

Mexico ($9.2 billion)
Canada ($2.2 billion)
China ($1.3 billion)
United Kingdom ($1.1 billion)
Germany ($833 million)

Arizona imports of goods from Mexico hit $7.6 billion in 2015. The state was the 6th largest importer of goods from Mexico. Arizona is a major market opportunity for Mexican businesses.

LIM CHEW HONG (A14A0274)

2017-03-13 10:49:57 UTC

GERMANY

1. Location-specific advantage for the country

“Germany is the best location business in Europe”.
Top of the pile when it comes to attractive European business locations.
A safe and smoothly working business environment.
Fully developed and advanced ICT and logistics infrastructure. It can help Germany’s industry have ability to innovate and produce more sustainable products.
Germany’s investor-friendly economic policy
Germany’s manufacturing has long been world-renowned – the ‘Made in Germany’ trademark is a global benchmark for quality – and demand from abroad is perennially high.
Germany’s foreign trade and inward investment promotion agency, Germany Trade and Invest considers four sectors as ‘most sought after’ in 2013: Renewable Energies and Resources, Chemicals and Health, Mechanical and Electronic Technologies and Services will all play a vital role for investment promotion.
Excellent market and development platform for both energy storage and fuel cell technologies.
Does not have a consistent nationwide rate for corporate income taxation, this could work as an advantage for shrewd investors.
Germany Trade & Invest provides foreign investors planning to set up a subsidiary or branch office in Germany with detailed information include strategic planning, market research, and so on. Besides that, offers foreign exporters plenty of opportunities to expand their business to Europe’s largest market.

2. Major export and import activities for Germany

- YEAR 2015-

Total Exports : $1,331,193,671,431
Total Import : $1,056,340,529,243

Top 10 Export Partners (Export Volume $) :

1) United States: $126,751,408,908

2) France: $114,264,551,695
3) United Kingdom: $99,016,936,024
4)Netherlands: $88,187,415,241
5)China: $79,348,133,925
6) Italy: $64,438,899,817
7) Austria: $64,318,877,693
8) Poland: $57,787,032,571
9) Switzerland: $56,113,222,655
10) Belgium: $45,877,919,176

Top 10 Import Partners (Import Volume $)

1) China: $102,895,490,795
2) Netherlands: $97,743,545,902
3) France: $74,370,292,590
4) United States: $67,563,617,155
5) Italy: $54,349,638,916
6) Poland: $49,343,653,284
7) Switzerland: $48,474,662,805
8) Czech Republic: $43,608,913,367
9) United Kingdom: $42,376,941,238
10) Austria: $41,298,750,309

Top 10 Export Goods (Export Volume $)

1) Motor Vehicles & Parts: $239,405,882,410
2) Industrial Machinery: $217,665,245,544
3) Electrical Machinery: $126,987,888,140
4) Items nesoi: $76,508,140,156
5) Pharmaceuticals: $74,950,151,591
6) Precision Instruments: $61,441,080,057
7) Plastics: $54,566,472,673
8) Aircraft: $43,240,681,067
9) Oil & Mineral Fuels: $28,277,005,492
10) Iron & Steel Articles: $27,398,980,856

Top 10 Import Goods (Import Volume $)

1) Industrial Machinery: $128,688,773,979

2) Electrical Machinery: $120,103,440,065
3) Oil & Mineral Fuels: $97,255,329,745
4) Motor Vehicles & Parts: $96,027,644,464
5) Items nesoi: $61,621,124,753
6) Pharmaceuticals: $44,209,542,993
7) Plastics: $36,519,404,807
8) Precision Instruments: $35,279,230,828
9) Organic Chemicals: $30,836,015,330
10) Aircraft: $24,543,442,928

*** Statistic Sources from Germany: Trade Statistics (https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/germany/tradestats)

LIM MAY LING A14A0276

2017-03-13 10:53:21 UTC

INDIA
1. Location-specific advantage
India is a developing economy, its economy has a major impact on global trading. The majority of the world's leading developed nations are keen to have or expand their ties with India.
-India boasts a vast network of technical and management institutions that are of the highest international standards. These institutions develop excellent human resources. India also has a strong base of an English-speaking population for business purposes.
-The strategic location of the country in the context of the third world market in the rapidly growing southeastern Asian markets along with a supportive infrastructure provides India with a competitive advantage over other countries for attracting foreign investments.

-labor costs in India rise every year and in certain fields, such as software, employees feel they will not get any further increment on their salaries
2. Major export and import activities
India shipped US$261 billion worth of goods around the globe in 2016, up by 47.7% since 2009 when the Great Recession kicked in but down by -1.3% from 2015 to 2016.
From a continental perspective, 49.1% of Indian exports by value are delivered to Asian countries while 19.5% are sold to European importers. India ships another 18.1% to North American customers with 8.7% worth arriving in Africa.

Given India’s population of 1.267 billion people, its total $261 billion in 2016 exports translates to roughly $200 for every resident in that country.

India’s unemployment rate was 8.1% during 2016 up from 7.1% one year earlier, according to the CIA World Factbook.

VITHYASREE A/P KUPUSAMY (A14A1476)

2017-03-13 10:53:22 UTC

NEPAL

1. They have the best location

2. We are connected to the world
3. Time zone advantage to US and European countries
4. Cost advantage for global companies
5. Coming out of a period of political uncertainty
6.Sucess stories - lack of global competing so whoever enters will wins
7. High quality talent pool - coupled with lack of global firms here
8. Strong education system generate great young talent
9. Great weather, friendly people and breath taking terrain
10. A young and rapidly urbanizing population
11. Many growth area exist in Nepal

Major export and import of Nepal

Exports in Nepal increased to 7962.20 Million NPR in June from 6553.10 Million NPR in May of 2016. Exports in Nepal averaged 5448.17 Million NPR from 2001 until 2006, reaching an all the time high of 8561.80 Million NPR of 2014 and a record low of 2831.60 Million NPR in July of 2002.

THE TOP EXPORTS OF NEPAL ARE KNOTTED CARPETS.
The top exports destinations of Nepal are India, The United Stets, Germany, and the United Kingdom.

NEPAL EXPORTS

IMPORTS IN NEPAL INCREASED TO 88846.20 MILLION NPR In June from 85395.30 Million N
PR in May of 2016. Imports in Nepal averaged 30261.70 Million NPR from 2001 until 2016, reaching an all time high of 89972.80 Million NPR in February of 2016 and a record low of 8000.30 Million NPR in October of 2001.

NEPAL IMPORTS

KHAIRUNNISA BINTI RAZAK (A14A0235)

2017-03-13 10:54:57 UTC

CUBA
1. Location-specific advantage:

Cuba is home to more than 11 million consumers with nearly 60 years of pent-up demand for U.S. goods and services,
The Port of Havana is only 198 nautical miles from the Port of Miami, facilitating trade,
Millions of U.S. tourists will need travel-related services for their planned vacations to Cuba, and
European companies have already paved the way for foreign investment and business on the island.

2. Total export and import :

TAN YI LIN (A14A1464)

2017-03-13 10:58:30 UTC

LAOS
1. Location-specific advantage for the country.
LAOS has a strong potential for growth in certain areas and a strong need for development in others. Potential growth areas include power generation, mining and minerals, agri-forestry and transportation. Areas that need to be developed include telecommunications, the financial sector, and tourism.
Domestic context: There has been political and social stability since the foundation of Laos, and this situation will be sustained. The production capacities and abilities of many industries have increased substantially, and the economic structure has changed significantly. Enterprises and the national economy have adapted better to the international market and the competitiveness of Lao products has improved steadily. The economic structure has changed progressively, and the Party’s priority has been implemented methodically in priority projects. The market economy structure has been adjusted and progressively improved. The country has been recognized in the region and globally as having a dynamic economy within a stable political situation and is a safe destination for investment and tourism. Socio-political stability is an important foundation and an essential precondition for socio-economic development, which is an advantage that the Laos enjoys now. The full membership of the Lao PDR in the regional and global political, economic, and monetary organizations will boost the dynamism of the economy and accelerate the country’s development.
Location: Laos is located in the center of the Indochina Peninsula. It is the so-called land-linked country or land-bridge among GMS countries. Hence, the Lao PDR’s great potential for the integration is its strategic location, which can be an important overland transit point for trade in the Mekong region and between South-East Asia and the Chinese and East Asian economies.
Natural resources: Laos possesses relatively huge potentials in untapped natural resources. It could become a supplier of commodities to promote economic development in its neighbours, particularly in the fields of hydro and bio-energy production, forestry, agriculture, and mining.
Opportunities: Laos could benefit from the opening up of and integration with the ASEAN market. Some of the preferences it enjoys are the tariff reductions 119 under the Common Effective Preferential Tariff Scheme (CEPT) and the ASEAN Integrated System of Preferences (AISP) offered by the six original ASEAN members.

2. Major export and import activities for the country.

The Lao market economy has grown at nearly 8 percent for the last decade and is heading into a new phase of regional and global integration. After acceding to the World Trade Organization in 2013, Laos looks to the ASEAN Economic Community’s formal establishment at the end of 2015 as a marker for its next set of economic policy and trade development goals.

• Laos ran a projected trade deficit of approximately $2.9 billion in 2014, with merchandise imports of $7.6 billion, exports of $4.1 billion and net services of $750 billion. Laos imported $24.6 million worth of goods from the United States and exported $45.1 million to the United States in 2015. Top U.S. exports to Laos include steelmaking materials, precious metals, manmade cloth, specialized mining and industrial machines, passenger cars, pharmaceutical preparations, cell phones, and other household goods. Top U.S. imports from Laos are green coffee, nonferrous metal, industrial supplies, apparel household goods, apparel, and jewelry.

Export: $2.13 billion (2011 est.)

Export Goods: wood products, garments, electricity, coffee, tin, copper, gold

Main export partners :

Thailand 30.4%

China 27%

Vietnam 17.6% (2015 est.)

Import: $2.34 billion (2011 est.)

Import Goods: machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, consumer goods

Main import patners:

Thailand 60.9%

China 18.6%

Vietnam 7.3% (2015 est.)

NURUL HASLIZA ZAINAN (A14A0870)

eja_hujan94 — 2017-03-13 10:59:06 UTC

PORTUGAL

LOCATION-SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE
Portugal emerged from Arab rule between 1147 when Lisbon was captured and 1249 when full sovereignty was established in an area corresponding roughly to its present boundaries. There are three major advantages, which is there was a clear strategic benefit in being located on the South Atlantic coast of Europe near to the exit of the Mediterranean. Deep-sea fishermen provided an important part of the Portuguese food supply and developed an unrivaled knowledge of Atlantic winds, weather and tides. Portuguese shipbuilding in Lisbon and Oporto adapted the design of its ships and rigging in the light of increasing knowledge of Atlantic sailing conditions. The biggest changes were in rigging. A third important influence on the pattern of Portuguese business interests was the heritage of slavery.

MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT ACTIVITIES

The major imports of Portugal are primarily food, beverages, wheat, crude oil, machinery and automobiles.
The major exports of Portugal are textiles, clothing, footwear, paper pulp, wine, cork and tomato paste.

Khairunnisa Binti Mohammad Zahir (A14A0234)

2017-03-13 11:02:09 UTC

SYRIA

1) LOCATION- SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE

2) MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT ACTIVITIES

THAM KOK HON (A14A1467)

2017-03-13 11:17:31 UTC

ICELAND
Location-Adv

-a favorable business environment
-availability of land and green energy at competitive prices . -corporate tax rate ceiling of only 15%
-Power is 100% green
-lowest corporate tax rate in Europe
-no disruptions due to natural disasters since the first smelter started operating in Iceland in over 40 years ago.
Main industries

- Fish processing,
-aluminum smelting
-ferrosilicon production
-geothermal power
- hydropower
-tourism

EXPORT-

-In 2014 Iceland exported $5.83B, making it the 109th largest exporter in the world.
-The most recent exports are led by Raw Aluminium which represent 32% of the total exports of Iceland
- Fish Fillets, which account for 16.7%.

IMPORT-

in 2014 Iceland imported $5.56B, making it the 131st largest importer in the world.
- The most recent imports are led by Refined Petroleum which represent 14.7% of the total imports of Iceland,
- Aluminium Oxide, which account for 8.42%.

The majority of imports to Iceland come from the

-European Economic Area (EEA), 63% in 2014, mainly from the Scandinavian countries, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK.
-The U.S. share of imports was 10% in 2014.
- In 2013, China accounted for 8.8% of imports,
- Brazil for 8.2%, and Japan for 1.6%.
-Most of Iceland’s exports go to the EEA, 76% in 2014.
-30% went to the Netherlands; -12.14% went to Germany;
- 9.4% went to the U.K;
-3.9% went to Spain
- 5% went to the United States.
Iceland Europe Green Energy Leader
Iceland Green LEADER in power production
Import VS export
Major importing Country
Import-export trade with Iceland

a14a1104 Tan Yong Hao

2017-03-13 12:23:51 UTC

Chile
1. The geography of Chile is extremely diverse as the country extends from a latitude of 17° South to Cape Horn at 56° (if Chilean claims on Antarctica are included Chile would extend to the south pole and from the ocean on the west to Andes on the east. Chile is situated in southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean and a small part of the South Atlantic Ocean. Chile's territorial shape is among the world's most unusual. From north to south, Chile extends 4,270 km (2,653 mi), and yet it only averages 177 km (110 mi) east to west. On a map, it looks like a long ribbon reaching from the middle of South America's west coast straight down to the southern tip of the continent, where it curves slightly eastward. It has it own natural resources like copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydro power, thermal power and nutrient-rich ocean currents. Besides, Chile is a popular spot for tourism with its extensive natural attractions and exceptional services, with the summer months of January and February being the most popular. Tourists can choose from an array of natural climates including deserts, temperate regions, lake districts, beaches, glaciers, and native forests. Natural wonders and excellent hotel and transportation infrastructures supported 1.8 million tourist visits in 1998. About 45 percent of the tourists come from Argentina. During the summer months Argentineans come to Chile to enjoy the vast array of beaches, Vina del Mar being one of the most popular. Chilean revenues from tourism were estimated at US$1.2 billion in 1998, up 7 percent from 1997. Spain, Germany, and France constitute the majority of European visitors.

2.in 2014，Chile is the 44th largest export economy in the world and the 58th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Chile exported $77.3B and imported $69.1B, resulting in a positive trade balance of $8.22B. In 2014 the GDP of Chile was $258B and its GDP per capita was $22.1k.

The top exports of Chile are Refined Copper ($18B), Copper Ore ($16.6B), Sulfate Chemical Woodpulp ($2.98B), Raw Copper ($2.95B) and Fish Fillets ($2.53B), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Crude Petroleum ($5.43B), Refined Petroleum ($5.33B), Cars ($3.8B), Delivery Trucks ($1.94B) and Petroleum Gas ($1.8B).

The top export destinations of Chile are China ($18.9B), the United States ($9.3B), Japan ($7.81B), South Korea ($4.86B) and Brazil ($4.11B). The top import origins are China ($14.8B), the United States ($14B), Brazil ($5.31B), Germany ($3B) and Argentina ($2.85B).

In 2014 Chile imported $69.1B, making it the 44th largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Chile have increased at an annualized rate of 11%, from $41.1B in 2009 to $69.1B in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Crude Petroleum which represent 7.86% of the total imports of Chile, followed by Refined Petroleum, which account for 7.72%.

CZECH REPUBLIC

chriskiang94 — 2017-03-13 12:25:34 UTC

1. Location-specific advantage for the country
Czech Republic has a strategic location in the geographical heart of Europe making it extremely accessible from both the established western markets and emerging eastern markets. Furthermore, the extensive transport and rail infrastructure (with proposed further investments by the government) highlights the Czech Republic as a crossroads of major European transit corridors. Now that the Czech Republic is part of the European Union, prospective foreign investors are in an excellent position to serve the world´s most populated markets from their bases here.

2. Major export and import activities for the country
Exports |

$161.4 billion (2013 est. CIA)

Export goods

| machinery and transport equipment, raw materials and fuel, chemicals

Main export partners

Germany 31.8%

Slovakia 9.1%

Poland 6.1%

France 5.1%

United Kingdom 4.9%

Austria 4.7%
(2012 est.)

Imports |

$143.4 billion (2013 est. CIA)

Import goods

| machinery and transport equipment, raw materials and fuels, chemicals

Main import partners

Germany 29.5%

Poland 7.7%

Slovakia 7.4%

China 6.3%

Netherlands 5.8%

Russia 5.3%

Austria 4.3% (2012 est.)

PUTERI NUR IZZATI BINTI MOHD SALMI (A14A0932) GHANA

2017-03-13 12:29:58 UTC

1) Location-specific advantage for the country
2)Major export import activities in the country

YONG LAI YEE A14A1170

2017-03-13 12:37:08 UTC

IRAN

1) Location-specific advantage for the country
The recent agreement between Iran and the P5+1 group of countries, in addition to all its positive outcomes including demonstration of Iran’s power in the field of diplomacy and dialogue, also meant that Iranophobic propaganda by the Western media has been defused and rendered meaningless. This propaganda had been planned and pursued by certain countries, which sought to achieve certain goals.

Geopolitics: From the viewpoint of geopolitics, the Islamic Republic of Iran is situated in the best part of the Middle East. In view of its access to big ports and islands of the Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea, Iran can play the role of a link between the Western countries and Central Asia, while, on the other hand, connecting Central Asian countries to free waters and international economy. At the same time, Iran has 15 neighbors with a population of about 450 million, which are considered a big market for the Western countries that can consider Iran as a regional hub for the expansion of their economic activities.

Educated population: The Islamic Republic has an educated population in the region. More than 86 percent of Iranian people can read and write while existence of skilled workers provides another opportunity for the attraction of foreign investment.

Stability in Iran: On the other hand, while most parts of the Middle East, are hectic and in worrisome conditions due to the support that certain countries provide for terrorist groups, Iran enjoys remarkable stability and security and officials of most Western countries have owned up to this fact. The stability and security of the Islamic Republic of Iran will allow it to take steps for the attraction of foreign investment to different parts of the country.

Energy resources: Iran, as the country with the world’s third biggest oil and second biggest gas reserves, can be regarded as the world’s pivotal point to guarantee security of energy at a global level. Investment in oil and gas products, such as petrochemical and refinery products and so forth, can turn Iran into an attractive market for European countries.

Development of tourism industry: Having a variety of religious sites and climatic conditions – with four different types of climatic conditions in north, south, west and east of the country – and also due to the existence of many historical sites and medical facilities and services, Iran can be a suitable country to be visited by all European tourists in addition to regional tourists, and can host various kinds of religious, medical and cultural tourists. Therefore, investment in infrastructure of tourism industry in Iran can help both sides of the investment to reap hefty profits.

Free zones: Iran's free zones can be considered as a suitable place for investment by the Western countries and also a good place for taking advantage of suitable investment opportunities. This is true because in addition to giving a warm welcome to foreign investment in free zones, there are relatively less strict laws in these zones compared to the mainland for the attraction of foreign investment.

2) Major export import activities in the country
A) Export activities

Iran is the 56th largest export economy in the world and the 65th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI).
The top exports of Iran are Crude Petroleum ($37.2B), Ethylene Polymers ($2.7B), Iron Ore ($1.58B), Acyclic Alcohols ($1.23B) and Other Nuts ($921M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Wheat ($2B), Rice ($1.31B), Corn ($1.19B), Soybean Meal ($1.08B) and Light Fixtures ($1.07B).
The top export destinations of Iran are China ($24.9B), India ($10.3B), Japan ($5.55B), South Korea ($4.12B) and Turkey ($1.48B). The top import origins are China ($24.1B), India ($4.4B), South Korea ($4.17B), Turkey ($3.82B) and Germany ($3.07B).
Iran borders Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkmenistan and Turkey by land and the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and Saudi Arabia by sea.

B) Imports activities

$62.12 billion(2016 est),
$52.42 billion (2015 est.)
import goods industrial raw materials and intermediate goods (46%), capital goods (35%), foodstuffs and other consumer goods (19%), technical services

NURUL 'AIN BINTI IDRIS PARAGUAY

nurulai20 — 2017-03-13 12:39:00 UTC

1. Location-specific advantage for the country
Paraguay has the economic advantages of a young population and vast hydroelectric power but has few mineral resources, and political instability has undercut some of the economic advantages present. The government welcomes foreign investment.^[6] Paraguay is a middle-income country that changed rapidly in the 1970s and 1980s as a result of hydroelectric development, agricultural colonization, construction, and cash crop exports. Nevertheless, the country's gross domestic product (GDP) in 1986 was approximately US$3.4 billion, or roughly US$1,000 per capita, ranking Paraguay only ahead of Bolivia among the Spanish-speaking countries of South America. Paraguay was the most agricultural economy of South America, and that sector influenced the performance of virtually every other sector of the economy.

2. Major export and import activities for the country

Exports

$14.61 billion (2014 est.)
Export goods | soybeans, feed, cotton, meat, edible oils, electricity, wood, leather

Main export partners
Brazil 30.8%
Russia 10.8%
Argentina 7.4%
Chile 6.9%
Netherlands 4.5%

Imports

$12.37 billion (2014 est.)
Import goods | road vehicles, consumer goods, tobacco, petroleum products, electrical machinery, tractors, chemicals, vehicle parts
Main import partners
Brazil 28%
China 25.5%
Argentina 14.6%
United States 7.9%

Nor Fazzera bt Mohd Kamal (A14A1340)

2017-03-13 12:43:04 UTC

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
1. Location-specific advantage for the country
2. Major export and import activities for the country

MIMI HAFIZA MAZLAN (A14A0314

hafiza_mimi — 2017-03-13 12:52:48 UTC

ZIMBABWE
1. Location-specific advantage for the country: Agriculture is the backbone of Zimbabwe’s economy inasmuch as Zimbabweans remain largely a rural people who derive their livelihood from agriculture and other related rural economic activities. It provides employment and income for 60-70 percent of the population, supplies 60 percent of the raw materials required by the industrial sector and contributes 40 percent of total export earnings

2. major export and import activities for the country:
Top exports of Zimbabwe are Gold ($533M), Ferroalloys ($500M), Raw Tobacco ($405M), Raw Sugar ($293M) and Diamonds ($245M). Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($1.37B), Cars ($191M), Packaged Medicaments ($189M), Delivery Trucks ($183M) and Nitrogenous Fertilizers ($142M)

SALIHAH BINTI MOHD OSMAN (A14B1185)

2017-03-13 12:53:17 UTC

FINLAND
1. Location-specific advantage for the country
Location Finland located between Russia in the east and in the west of Sweden plays a significant role in the country's history.

2. Major export and import activities for the country.
Finland is the 43rd largest export economy in the world and the 7th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Finland exported $77.3B and imported $72.8B, resulting in a positive trade balance of $4.51B. In 2014 the GDP of Finland was $272B and its GDP per capita was $40.7k.

The top exports of Finland are Refined Petroleum ($7.6B), Kaolin Coated Paper ($5.73B), Large Flat-Rolled Stainless Steel ($3.36B), Sawn Wood ($2.11B) and Sulfate Chemical Woodpulp ($1.92B), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Crude Petroleum ($8.02B), Refined Petroleum ($4.31B), Cars ($2.73B), Packaged Medicaments ($1.86B) and Computers ($1.58B).

The top export destinations of Finland are Germany ($9.3B), Sweden ($7.87B), Russia ($5.7B), the United States ($5.2B) and the Netherlands ($4.52B). The top import origins are Germany ($10.2B), Russia ($10B), Sweden ($7.56B), China ($4.93B) and the Netherlands ($4.74B).

Finland borders Norway, Russia and Sweden by land and Estonia by sea.

Exports | $66.9 billion (2015 est.)
$79.2 billion (2014 est.)

Exports - commodities | electrical and optical equipment, machinery, transport equipment, paper and pulp, chemicals, basic metals; timber

Exports - partners | Germany 13.9%, Sweden 10.1%, US 7%, Netherlands 6.6%, Russia 5.9%, UK 5.2%, China 4.7% (2015)

Imports | $58.05 billion (2015 est.)
$72.94 billion (2014 est.)

Imports - commodities | foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, computers, electronic industry products, textile yarn and fabrics, grains

Imports - partners | Germany 17%, Sweden 16%, Russia 11%, Netherlands 9.1%, Denmark 4.1% (2015)

KHAIRUNNISA BINTI MOHAMMAD ZAHIR (A14A0234

2017-03-13 12:57:11 UTC

SYRIA

1) LOCATION- SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE
Syria shares borders with Turkeys to the north , Iraq to the east , Lebanon and the Mediterranean to the west and Israel and Jordan to the south, making it a major startegic player in the Middle East

2) MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT ACTIVITIES
Syria is the 156th largest export economy in the world. In 2014, Syria exported $824M and imported $6.11B, resulting in a negative trade balance of $5.28B.

The top exports of Syria are Raw Cotton ($80.6M), Calcium Phosphates($72.9M), Apples and Pears ($52.8M), Crude Petroleum ($52.6M) and Spice Seeds ($46.8M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Cars ($318M), Raw Sugar($250M), Seed Oils ($198M), Wheat ($135M) and Soybean Meal ($122M).

The top export destinations of Syria are Jordan ($149M), Lebanon($121M), Egypt ($112M), Turkey ($105M) and India ($81.1M). The top import origins are Turkey ($1.46B), China ($980M), South Korea ($422M), Egypt ($347M) and Lebanon ($241M).

Since the outbreak of the Syrian civil war, the Syrian economy has been hit by massive economic sanctions restricting trade with the Arab League, Australia, Canada, the European Union, (as well as the European countries of Albania, Iceland,Liechtenstein,Macedonia, Moldova,Montenegro,Norway, Serbia, and Switzerland) Georgia,^[Japan,Turkey, and the United States. These sanctions and the instability associated with the civil war have reversed previous growth in the Syrian economy to a state of decline for the years 2011 and 2012. According to the UN, total economic damages of the Syrian civil war are estimated at $143 billion as of late 2013.

By July 2013, the Syrian economy had shrunk 45 percent since the start of the Civil War. Unemployment increased fivefold, the value of the Syrian currency decreased to one-sixth its pre-war value, and the public sector lost USD $15 billion.By the end of 2013, the UN estimated total economic damage of the Syrian civil war at $143 billion.The total economic loss from the Syrian Civil War will reach $237 billion by the end of 2015, according to the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, with the Syrian opposition's capture of Nasib border crossing costing the government a further $500–$700 million a year on top of this.

Shanggari Muniandy (A14A0981)

2017-03-13 13:00:45 UTC

Poland
1) Location-specific advantage
The strategic geographical location of Poland has played an important role in its development. Located on the crossroads between Eastern and Western Europe, Poland is a link between West and East and offers the large market of Central Europe for trade and transport. Sharing borders with Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Belarus, the Ukraine and Russia provides wide trade opportunities. Also, Poland’s ports and over 400km of coastline enhance its trading opportunities. As a member of the EU, Poland also benefits from a free flow of goods and services.

2) Major export and import activities

Poland exports:

· Machinery and equipment

· Textiles and footwear

· Metals and metal products

· Machinery and equipment

· Minerals and fuels

· Chemicals

· Agricultural products

the main products that are imported are:

Machinery and equipment
Fuels and minerals
Chemicals
Textile and products
Metals
Agricultural products

2017-03-13 13:06:24 UTC

CHONG ZHE TENG A14A0121

zheteng_a14a0121 — 2017-03-13 13:07:34 UTC

Belgium
1. Location-specific advantage
private enterprise economy of Belgium has capitalized on its central geographic location, highly developed transport network and diversified industrial and commercial base. The first country to undergo an industrial revolution on the continent of Europe in the early 19th century, Belgium developed an excellent transportation infrastructure of ports, canals, railways, and highways to integrate its industry with that of its neighbors.
2. Major export and import activities
Exports of Belgium is $314.6 billion
Export goods:

Machinery and equipment
Chemicals
Finished diamonds
Metals and metal products
Foodstuffs

Main export partners:

Germany 19.1%
France 16.2%
Netherlands 13.3%
United Kingdom 7.2%
United States 5.2%
Italy 4.8%

Imports of Belgium is $325.2 billion

Import goods:

Raw materials
Machinery and equipment
Chemicals
Raw diamonds
Pharmaceuticals
Foodstuffs
Transport equipment
Oil products

Main import partners:

Netherlands 21.8%
Germany 13.9%
France 10.4%
United Kingdom 6.2%
China 5.6%
Ireland 4.8%

Switzerland

wailok_a14a0113 — 2017-03-13 13:12:20 UTC

1) LOCATION- SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE
Switzerland is an ideal location for business which have:

Strong economy and currency
Liberal tax system
Liberal labour market
Efficient and reliable administration
Outstanding infrastructure
Important financial centre
Head office of multinational firms
High level of education and innovation
High quality of life

2) Exports Activities

Gems, precious metals: US$98.2 billion (32.4% of total exports)
Pharmaceuticals: $67.1 billion (22.1%)
Machinery including computers: $22.4 billion (7.4%)
Clocks , watches including parts: $19.7 billion (6.5%)
Organic chemicals: $19.3 billion (6.4%)
Optical, technical, medical apparatus: $15.4 billion (5.1%)
Electrical machinery, equipment: $12 billion (4%)
Plastics, plastic articles: $4.9 billion (1.6%)
Perfumes, cosmetics: $2.9 billion (1%)
Articles of iron or steel: $2.8 billion (0.9%)

3) Top Export destinations

Germany ($50.1B)
United States ($28.4B)
Hong Kong ($23.2B)
India ($21.3B)
China($17.1B)

4) Import Activities

Gems, precious metals: US$99.7 billion (37.2% of total imports)
Pharmaceuticals: $24.5 billion (9.1%)
Machinery including computers: $17.3 billion (6.5%)
Vehicles: $14.5 billion (5.4%)
Electrical machinery, equipment: $13.5 billion (5%)
Organic chemicals: $12.4 billion (4.6%)
Optical, technical, medical apparatus: $7.4 billion (2.8%)
Mineral fuels including oil: $6.8 billion (2.5%)
Plastics, plastic articles: $6 billion (2.2%)
Furniture, bedding, lighting, signs, prefab buildings: $4.3 billion (1.6%)

5) The top import origins

Germany ($58.8B)
United Kingdom ($33.6B)
Italy ($22.5B)
United States ($21.5B)
France($16.6B).

DURGA DEVI A/P SAGER (A14A1230)

2017-03-13 13:14:18 UTC

UNITED STATES of AMERICA
1) Location-Specific Advantage
- The most important aspect of the United States is the size of their usable land. Russia and China may be similar in square miles, but a vast majority of their land is useless for agriculture, habitation, or development. Thanks to the Mid-West, the USA has the largest continuous mass of arable land in the world.

2) Total exports: $1.47 trillion (2016 est.)

Exports goods: machines, 33.9%,
industrial supplies, 31.2%,
consumer goods (except automotive), 12.3% motor vehicles and components, 9.8% food, feed, and beverages, 8.9% other, 3.9%(2014)

Main export partners:

Canada 18.6%

Mexico 15.7%

China 7.7%

Japan 4.2%
(2015)

3) Total Imports: $2.21 trillion (2016 est.)

Import goods: capital goods 25.2%, consumer goods (except automotive) 23.8%, industrial supplies (except crude oil) 17.8%, motor vehicles and components 14.0%, crude oil 10.5%, food, feed, and beverages 5.4%, other 3.3%. (2014)

Main import partners:

China 21.5%

Canada 13.2%

Mexico 13.2%

Japan 5.9%

Germany 5.5%
(2015)

LAU HUI HOCK (A14A0255)

johnathon1799 — 2017-03-13 13:15:17 UTC

Country: Morocco

1. Location specific advantages

Morocco shares borders with Algeria, the Western Sahara and the Northern Atlantic Ocean. Morocco’s north coast is on the Mediterranean Sea, which is a short distance from Spain and France making it easier to access Europe. With approximately 1.835 Kilometres of coastline, Morocco is a great location fro transnational Merchandise fleet.

Moreover, Morocco is a popular tourist destination surrounded with warm weather and beautifully preserved architecture and culture. Morocco’s strong tourist industry and flourishing economy is attracting an increasing number of companies doing business in morocco.

The specific location of Morocco brings competitive advantage in the country. Morocco is in a strategic location for access to Europe. It is also well located as a platform for reaching other international markets, especially North and West Africa. With Africa increasingly seen as a future engine of global growth, Morocco is a potential gateway to the continent for UK companies. These few location advantages attract a lot of companies from big countries especially United Kingdom doing business in Morocco.

2. Major export activities from Morocco.

The major exports of Morocco are Insulated Wire, Cars, Mixed Mineral or Chemical Fertilizers, Phosphoric Acid and Non-Knit Women’s Suits.

The data of exports from Morocco (dollar)

Insulated Wire = $3.02B

Cars = $2.43B

Mixed Mineral or Chemical Fertilizers =$1.76B

Phosphoric Acid =$1.49B

Non-Knit Women’s Suits =$1.35B

3. Major import activities from Morocco.

The major import activities are Refined Petroleum, Crude Petroleum, Petroleum Gas, Car and Wheat.

The data of imports from Morocco (dollar)

Refined Petroleum = $3.63B

Crude Petroleum = $2.93B

Petroleum Gas = $2.21B

Cars = $1.64B

Wheat =$1.42B

NEVAASHINI SELVA SAKERAM (A14A0509)

2017-03-13 13:21:24 UTC

COUNTRY : CHINA

1.Location Specific Advantage
In 2012, China’s State Administration of Taxation (SAT)

announced its position on transfer pricing practices in China

with the release of a chapter on “China Country Practices”

in the UN Transfer Pricing Manual. Location savings,

according to this chapter, are “the net cost savings derived

by a multinational company when it sets up its operations

in a low cost jurisdiction.” Market premium “relates to the

additional profit derived by a multinational company by

operating in a jurisdiction with unique qualities impacting

on the sale and demand of a service or product.”

In the China chapter of the UN Manual, the SAT provides

a specific example regarding the automotive industry,

listing LSAs such as the “market-for-technology” industry

policy, the local customer’s preference and demand, the

duty saving, the local supply capacity constraints, and the

low-cost suppliers.

The SAT on September 17, 2015, released a discussion

draft of the revised Special Tax Adjustment Implementation

Rules. The discussion draft proposed for the first time to

include the concept of LSAs in Chinese transfer pricing rules.

The draft also requires Chinese taxpayers to consider local

economic factors in determining transfer pricing methods

and comparability when selecting comparable companies,

as well as to take LSAs into account in determining the

presence of intangibles and their value. The SAT is expected

to release the final rules by the end of 2015.

The SAT generally has taken the view that suitable

comparables do not exist in the Chinese market. The tax

authorities agree that valuing and allocating LSAs is a

challenge in the absence of suitable comparable companies.

Therefore, they tend to take a practical approach in terms of

understanding the taxpayer’s value chain, and analyzing the

contribution factors of the China entity, including LSAs, to

determine whether the local entity is properly compensated.

2.Major export and import activities for the country.
China is the world’s second largest trading nation behind the US – leading the world in exports and coming in second for imports. From 2009-2011 its trade to GDP ratio was 53.1 percent, while its trade per capita was $2,413.

Total value of exports: US$2.05 trillion

Primary exports - commodities: electrical and other machinery, including data processing equipment, apparel, radio telephone handsets, textiles, integrated circuits

Primary exports partners: US (17.2 of total exports), Hong Kong (15.8 percent), Japan (7.4 percent), South Korea (4.3 percent), Germany (3.4 percent)

Total value of imports: US$1.817 trillion

Primary imports - commodities: electrical and other machinery, oil and mineral fuels, optical and medical equipment, metal ores, motor vehicles

Primary imports partners: Japan (9.8 percent of total imports), South Korea (9.3 percent), US (7.3 percent), Germany (5.1 percent), Australia (4.6 percent)

TEE MENG TIAN (A14A1108)

mengtian915 — 2017-03-13 13:25:15 UTC

Country: Maldives
1. There are channels of various sizes between the atolls used for navigation. For efficient administrative functioning, the 26 natural atolls are categorized into 20 administrative divisions. Particularly the island nation is located in a strategic area with access to major international sea routes in the Indian Ocean.

2. Maldives is the 179th largest export economy in the world. In 2014, Maldives exported $174M and imported $2.11B, resulting in a negative trade balance of $1.93B. In 2014 the GDP of Maldives was $3.06B and its GDP per capita was $12.5k. The top exports of Maldives are Non-fillet Frozen Fish ($47.6M), Non-fillet Fresh Fish ($47.3M), Fish Fillets ($38.9M), Processed Fish ($14.3M) and Processed Fish ($7.51M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($481M), Petroleum Gas ($68.2M), Planes, Helicopters, and/or Spacecraft ($61.5M), Concentrated Milk ($34.7M) and Other Furniture($25.9M). The top export destinations of Maldives are Thailand ($42M), France($31.3M), the United States ($20.3M), Japan ($11.3M) and Sri Lanka($10.7M). The top import origins are the United Arab Emirates ($448M), Singapore ($351M), India ($180M), Malaysia ($153M) and Sri Lanka($133M).

TEO JIA WEE A14A1116

2017-03-13 13:35:57 UTC

Country : Georgia
1. Location Specific Advantage
Georgia has earned its reputation as a pre-eminent commercial center with an innovative, dynamic and entrepreneurial business culture. Strategically located at the crossroads of trade and commerce between East and West, Georgia is ideally positioned to access markets of Asia and the Middle East, as well as Europe and the CIS countries. Moreover, its time zone allows Georgia to connect to markets of the Far East and the Western Hemisphere with equal convenience. To leverage this advantage and address growing international demand, the country is developing a world-class communications infrastructure.
2. Exports:
Export goods : Motor cars, Mineral or chemical fertilizers, Nut, Ferrous, Gold, Copper ores, Spirituous beverages, Wine of fresh grapes
3 Import :
Petroleum oils, Motor cars, Gases, Wheat, Telephones, Sugar, Cigarettes, Automatic data processing machines

2017-03-13 13:43:23 UTC

2017-03-13 13:44:04 UTC

RAIBAH BINTI MOHD ADNAN (A14A0938)

seyraeyra95 — 2017-03-13 13:44:29 UTC

KENYA
1. Location-specific advantage for the Kenya
· Economic center of the East Africa Community comprising 43 million people and a GDP of $41.117 billion

· Strong reform gains to encourage investment: a strong cooperative relationship between the government, the private sector and development partners, regular meetings between government leaders and investors, coherent vision for economic development, new framework for public private partnerships, reinforced investment authority.

· New constitution with greater separation of powers to maintain broad-based political stability.

· A fully liberalized economy without exchange or price controls. No restrictions on domestic and foreign borrowing by residents and nonresidents.

· International air and sea gateway to the region. Excellent connectivity to major worldwide hubs.

· Time zones that facilitate positive working hours for most continents. Nairobi is the undisputed transportation hub of Eastern and Central Africa and the largest city between Cairo and Johannesburg. In addition, the Port of Mombasa is the most important deep water port in the region, supplying the shipping needs of more than a dozen countries. With superb infrastructure railway, airports, port, roads and communications the capital Nairobi is the headquarters of the region Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi and even eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.

· An attractive and comprehensive package of incentives offered to investors.

· Encouragement of the use of mobile phones. Fixed lines and wireless mobile lines are relatively inexpensive.

· The most developed stock market in the Eastern and Central African region, the Nairobi Stock Exchange.

2. Major export and import activities for the Kenya
Kenya Trade: Exports
Agricultural productivity is central to Kenya's export industry. More than 75% of the population is engaged in agriculture and allied activities, which contribute almost 25% to the national production. Horticultural produce and tea are the major items of export for Kenya. In 2006, the combined share of these two products was 10 times higher than the share of the other export items. The country has subsistence petroleum production, which is consumed internally and exported to neighboring countries. Kenya has signed an MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) with China regarding oil exploration in the country. Till January 2010, no oil was found.
Apart from horticulture and tea, other major items of export are coffee, fish and cement. In 2009, Kenya’s exports grossed over US$4.9 billion. The UK is the largest export partner of Kenya, accounting for more than 10% of the total export volumes. It is followed by the Netherlands, Uganda, Tanzania, the US and Pakistan.

Kenya Trade: Imports

Kenya’s imports include machinery, transport equipments, motor vehicles, metals, plastics and electrical equipments. India and the UAE are the largest import partners for Kenya. In 2009, both countries accounted for more than 11% of the total import volume. Other major import partner countries are China, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Japan and the US.

To enjoy a favorable balance of trade, Kenya has to diversify export products. Over-reliance on agricultural productivity hampers the economic growth of the country.

ONG PEEI CHING A14A0918

pching94 — 2017-03-13 13:49:15 UTC

Thailand
1. Location - specific advantage for Thailand
➡The country’s well-defined investment policies focus on liberalization and encourage free trade. Foreign investments, especially those that contribute to the development of skills, technology and innovation are actively promoted by the government. The country also offers convenient trade with China, India and the countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and easy access into the Greater Mekong sub-region, where newly emerging markets offer great business potential.

2. Total Import Goods 2015

3. Total Export Goods 2015

4. Total Import Country 2015

5. Total Export Country 2015

6. Total Export Goods 2016
-Machinery including computers: US$37.2 billion (17.4% of total exports)
-Electrical machinery, equipment: $29.7 billion (13.9%)
-Vehicles : $27.2 billion (12.7%)
-Gems, precious metals: $14.2 billion (6.6%)
-Rubber, rubber articles: $12.2 billion (5.7%)
-Plastics, plastic articles: $11.4 billion (5.3%)
-Mineral fuels including oil: $6.3 billion (2.9%)
-Meat/seafood preparations: $5.9 billion (2.8%)
-Optical, technical, medical apparatus: $5.3 billion (2.5%)
-Cereals: $4.6 billion (2.1%)

7. Total Import Goods 2016
-Electrical machinery, equipment: US$38.5 billion (19.7% of total imports)
-Machinery including computers: $26.2 billion (13.4%)
-Mineral fuels including oil: $24.6 billion (12.6%)

iron, steel: $9.5 billion (4.9%)
-Vehicles : $8.8 billion (4.5%)
-Gems, precious metals: $8.7 billion (4.4%)
-Plastics, plastic articles: $8 billion (4.1%)
-Articles of iron or steel: $6.8 billion (3.5%)
-Optical, technical, medical apparatus: $5.4 billion (2.8%)
-Organic chemicals: $3.7 billion (1.9%)

8. Total Export country 2016
-United States: US$24.4 billion (11.4% of total Thai exports)
-China: $23.6 billion (11%)
-Japan: $20.4 billion (9.6%)
-Hong Kong: $11.4 billion (5.3%)

-Australia: $10.2 billion (4.8%)
-Malaysia: $9.5 billion (4.5%)
-Vietnam: $9.3 billion (4.4%)
-Singapore: $8 billion (3.8%)
-Indonesia: $8 billion (3.8%)
-Philippines: $6.4 billion (3%)
-India: $5.1 billion (2.4%)
-Switzerland: $5 billion (2.3%)
-Cambodia: $4.6 billion (2.2%)
-Germany: $4.5 billion (2.1%)
-Netherlands: $4.2 billion (2%)

9. Total Import Country 2016
-United States: US$12.2 billion (country-specific trade surplus in 2016)
-Hong Kong: $9.8 billion
-Australia: $6.8 billion
-Vietnam: $4.9 billion
-Cambodia: $3.7 billion
-Philippines: $3.6 billion
-Netherlands: $3.2 billion
-India: $2.5 billion
-Mexico: $2.2 billion
Laos: $2.1 billion

CHONG FUNG JIN (A14A0115)

2017-03-13 13:57:40 UTC

Singapore
1. Location-specific advantages

Singapore located at the crossroads of international trade routes in the heart of Asia. Singapore's strategic location and political stability have made it an attractive oasis for many foreign corporation seeking to target Asian Markets.

2. Major export and import activities for the Singapore

The top expor

HAFIY BIN HASNULBANA (A14A0185)

shumappboy — 2017-03-13 14:04:59 UTC

TANZANIA
LOCATION
TANZANIA's strategic location along the Indian Ocean coast is one of the country's major resources which had remained manifestly underutilised for many years.

The Dar es Salaam Port, apart from being an important entry point and exit for the country imports and exports, also serves consignments of cargo destined to several central African countries including Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Malawi, Rwanda, Uganda and Zambia.

IMPORT
In 2014 Tanzania imported $13.5B, making it the 90th largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Tanzania have increased at an annualized rate of 15%, from $6.69B in 2009 to $13.5B in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Refined Petroleum which represent 25.4% of the total imports of Tanzania, followed by Palm Oil, which account for 2.63%.

EXPORT
In 2014 Tanzania exported $6.4B, making it the 102nd largest exporter in the world. During the last five years the exports of Tanzania have increased at an annualized rate of 14.9%, from $3.2B in 2009 to $6.4B in 2014. The most recent exports are led by Gold which represent 21.5% of the total exports of Tanzania, followed by Raw Tobacco, which account for 6.28%.

pching94 — 2017-03-13 14:15:36 UTC

HOOMAMAGESHWARI A/P MANIAM (A14A0202)

2017-03-13 14:16:19 UTC

SOUTH AFRICA

1. Location-specific advantage for South Africa

South Africa is becoming an economic force to be reckoned with in this rapidly changing global economic and by implication, geopolitical environment, mainly due to the long-term socioeconomic vision and the associated policy-making of its government.
its successes, in term of its global perception and ranking in key influential indices - such as the World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report, the World Bank Ease of Doing Business Index, the World Economic Forum Travel and Tourism Index - could set a benchmark for other emerging countries to follow .

2. Major export and import activities for the country.

EXPORT

South Africa is the 36th largest export economy in the world and the 46th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, South Africa exported $102B, resulting in a positive trade balance of $3.39B. In 2014 the GDP of south Africa was $350B and its GDP per capita was $13K.

The top export of South Africa are Gold($11.9B), Diamond ($10.3B) , Platinum ($7.45B), Coal Briquettes ($5.89B), and Iron Ore ($5.52B).

The top export destinations of south Africa are China, The United States, India, Japan The United Kingdom :

China 14.5%

United States 7.9%

Japan 5.7%

Germany 5.5%

India 4.5%

United Kingdom 4.1% (2012 est.).

IMPORT

The main imported commodities are machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum products, scientific instruments, foodstuffs.
machinery and equipment imports have become a regular as the region is trying to uplift its productivity and make use of the vast resources.
However, the imports are limited to nations that have a decent level of consumption.
Otherwise, South Africa has regions such as Saharan regions where people still live under 70 cent a day.
Overall, South Africa trade has been helped enormously by other such as Germany, Japan, United States, Saudi Arabia, India and China that have not only invested a lot in the emerging countries but have been regular African trade partners as well:

China 14.9%

Germany 10.1%

United States 7.3%

Saudi Arabia 7.2%

India 4.6%

Japan 4.5% (2012 est.

2017-03-13 14:16:41 UTC

NOR AZIRA BINTI MOHD HISHAM (A14A0576)

norazirahisham — 2017-03-13 14:25:09 UTC

KUWAIT
1. Location-specific advantage for Kuwait.
Kuwait has a strategic location advantage, at the north of the Arabian Gulf, that places it closer to large developing markets like Iraq and Iran (combined population of nearly 100 million).
2. Major export and import activities for Kuwait.
Kuwait is the 40th largest export economy in the world and the 47th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Kuwait exported $87.4B and imported $34.6B, resulting in a positive trade balance of $52.8B. In 2014 the GDP of Kuwait was $163B and its GDP per capita was $73.2k.

a. total export
The top exports of Kuwait are Crude Petroleum ($57.5B), Refined Petroleum ($17.7B), Petroleum Gas ($3.4B), Cyclic Hydrocarbons($1.63B) and Acyclic Alcohols ($1.16B), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Cars ($3.8B), Refined Petroleum ($932M), Petroleum Gas ($876M), Broadcasting Equipment ($864M) and Passenger and Cargo Ships ($856M). The top export destinations of Kuwait are South Korea ($15.3B), India($13.8B), Japan ($11.1B), the United States ($10.1B) and China ($9.3B). The top import origins are China ($4.46B), the United States ($3.82B), the United Arab Emirates ($2.9B), Japan ($2.19B) and South Korea($2.07B).

b. Total import
In 2014 Kuwait imported $34.6B, making it the 62nd largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Kuwait have increased at an annualized rate of 19.3%, from $14.3B in 2009 to $34.6B in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Cars which represent 11% of the total imports of Kuwait, followed by Refined Petroleum, which account for 2.69%. The top import origins of Kuwait are China ($4.46B), the United States($3.82B), the United Arab Emirates($2.9B), Japan ($2.19B) and South Korea ($2.07B).

LEE YEN HUI (A14A0268)

yenhui94 — 2017-03-13 14:34:52 UTC

LIBYA
1. Location-specific advantage for the country

Libya is fourth in size among the countries of Africa and seventeenth among the countries of the world. It is on the Mediterranean between Egypt and Tunisia, with Niger and Chad to the south and Sudan to the southeast. Although the oil discoveries of the 1960s have brought immense wealth, at the time of its independence it was an extremely poor desert state whose only important physical asset appeared to be its strategic location at the midpoint of Africa's northern rim.

Libya's main strong points are:

· Its geographical location: The country is in the center of a triangle formed by Europe, Africa and the Arab countries of the Middle East;

· Considerable natural wealth;

· Inflows of money associated with oil which generate large surpluses;

· The force of private consumption and public investment;

· Opening up and liberalization policies which favor private investment and should revitalize Libya's economy;

· Low foreign debt;

· A dynamic demography. In between 2007 and 2015, the population will increase more than one million persons and will surpass the 7 million bar.

2. Major export and import activities for the country.

Libya is the 72nd largest export economy in the world and the 126th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Libya exported $18.4B and imported $16.1B, resulting in a positive trade balance of $2.32B. In 2014 the GDP of Libya was $41.1B and its GDP per capita was $15.6k.

The top exports of Libya are Crude Petroleum ($14.4B), Petroleum Gas ($2.63B), Refined Petroleum ($696M), Gold ($95.4M) and Iron Reductions ($89.1M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($2.32B), Cars ($603M), Wheat ($434M), Other Furniture ($282M) and Insulated Wire ($245M).

The top export destinations of Libya are Italy ($5.58B), France ($2.27B), Germany ($2.1B), the Netherlands ($1.39B) and Spain ($1.07B). The top import origins are Italy ($2.93B), China ($2.12B), Turkey ($2.06B), Egypt ($969M) and South Korea ($885M).

In 2014 Libya exported $18.4B, making it the 72nd largest exporter in the world. During the last five years the exports of Libya have decreased at an annualized rate of -12.5%, from $36B in 2009 to $18.4B in 2014. The most recent exports are led by Crude Petroleum which represent 78.3% of the total exports of Libya, followed by Petroleum Gas, which account for 14.3%.

In 2014 Libya imported $16.1B, making it the 85th largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Libya have decreased at an annualized rate of -6.1%, from $22.1B in 2009 to $16.1B in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Refined Petroleum which represent 14.4% of the total imports of Libya, followed by Cars, which account for 3.75%.

KHAZINI BINTI MT RAZALI (A14A0238)

2017-03-13 14:50:16 UTC

NORTH KOREA
1. Location-specific advantage:
Natural resources include coal, petroleum,lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite, magnesite, iron ore, copper, gold, pyrites, salt, fluorspar and hydropower.
Land use
arable land: 19.5%
permanent crops: 1.9%
permanent pasture 0.4%
forest 46.0%
other: 32.2%
Irrigated land
* 14,600 km² (2003)
Total renewable water resources
* 77.15 km3 (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)
* total: 8.66 km3/yr (10%/13%/76%)
* per capita: 360.6 m3/yr (2005)

2. Major export and import activities:
North Korea is the 123rd largest export economy in the world. In 2014, North Korea exported $3.1B and imported $3.99B, resulting in a negative trade balance of $890M.
The top exports of North Korea are Coal Briquettes ($1.03B), Iron Ore($192M), Non-Knit Men's Coat ($161M), Non-Knit Men's Suits ($157M) and Non-Knit Women's Coats ($146M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($180M), Synthetic Filament Yarn Woven Fabric ($152M), Soybean Oil ($112M), Delivery Trucks ($108M) and Broadcasting Equipment ($84.2M). The top export destinations of North Korea are China($2.67B), India ($71.6M), Pakistan ($40.5M), Nigeria ($20.2M) and Brazil ($19.9M). The top import origins are China ($3.49B), Thailand ($107M), Russia ($82.1M), India ($75.2M) and Singapore ($48.4M). North Korea borders China, South Korea and Russia by land and Japan by sea. In 2014 North Korea exported $3.1B, making it the 123rd largest exporter in the world. During the last five years the exports of North Korea have increased at an annualized rate of 18.6%, from $1.32B in 2009 to $3.1B in 2014. The most recent exports are led by Coal Briquettes which represent 33.1% of the total exports of North Korea, followed by Iron Ore, which account for 6.21%.
In 2014 North Korea imported $3.99B, making it the 142nd largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of North Korea have increased at an annualized rate of 6.2%, from $2.95B in 2009 to $3.99B in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Refined Petroleum which represent 4.52% of the total imports of North Korea, followed by Synthetic Filament Yarn Woven Fabric, which account for 3.83%.

CHONG FUNG JIN (A14A0115)

2017-03-13 14:52:22 UTC

SINGAPORE

1. Location-specific advantages for Singapore

Singapore located at the crossroads of international trade routes in the heart of Asia. Singapore's strategic location and political stability have made it an attractive oasis for many foreign corporation seeking to target Asian Markets.

2. Major export and import activities for the Singapore

The top 10 export goods and export volume ($):(2015)

The top 10 import goods and import volume($):(2015)

The top 10 export partners and export volume($):(2015)

The top 10 import partners and import volume($):(2015)

SHAHIDA AMIRA BINTI AWANG (A14A1429)

2017-03-13 15:03:46 UTC

Country: New Zealand
1. Location-specific advantage for the country:
New Zealand's stable economy and political system, reputation for innovation and the ease of doing business make it an attractive place to invest.

Safe, stable and secure business environment

New Zealand is recognized globally as being a safe place to invest and do business.

New Zealand has a strong banking sector that weathered the global economic crisis well. The parents of the four largest banks are Australian-owned and are all in the top 21 of the Global Finance World's Safest Banks index.

Ease of doing business

New Zealand consistently scores well on the World Bank Doing Business rankings for the ease of doing business here. Incorporating a business in New Zealand takes just one day, while registering a property takes only two. The country has a straightforward, business-friendly taxation system that supports capital development, research and development and international investment.

Cost of doing business

New Zealand boasts comparatively low developed-country business costs. Its labor costs are extremely competitive for a first-world country with a highly skilled and educated workforce.

Simple tax system

In New Zealand there is:

no payroll tax
no social security tax (voluntary KiwiSaver introduced 2007)
no capital gains tax.

New Zealand has a recoverable Goods and Services (GST) tax (similar to VAT), and tax-deductible business expenses (including research and development) and depreciation.
Efficient, market-oriented economy

A wide range of free trade agreements, pro-competitive regulation, an efficient tax code, an open political system and the absence in almost all sectors of import tariffs or Government subsidies, have given rise to an efficient, globally competitive economy that facilitates both domestic and foreign investment.
State-owned enterprises are structured as corporations and compete on an equal footing with private sector counterparts. A free and independent media ensures transparency in the corporate and Government decision-making processes.

2. Major export and import activities for the country:
Exports | NZ$61.722 billion (FY 2013)^[8]

Export goods:
Dairy products, meat, wool and wood products, fish, machinery

Main export partners:

Australia 21.0%

China 15.0%

United States 9.2%

Japan 7.0% (2012 est.)^[9]
Imports | NZ$59.076 billion (FY 2013)^[8]

Import goods:

Machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics

Main import partners:

China 17.0%

Australia 12.3%

United States 11.7%

Japan 6.7%

Germany 4.8%

South Korea 4.5%

Malaysia 4.3% (2016 est.)^[10]

Gross external debt:
NZ$232.8 billion (100.7% of GDP) (FY 2014)^[11]

MARSYA BINTI MOHAMMED MALA (A14A1270)

marsya_2pm — 2017-03-13 15:14:46 UTC

ALBANIA
1.Location-specific advantage:
Foreign entrepreneurship in Albania is mostly concentrated in capital city Tirana. Based on the data that the National Business Centre provided for the third quarter of 2016, some 9.377 companies operate in the capital. About 75 % of those companies are foreign-owned and 25% are joint ventures. According to the Albanian Investment Development Strategy (AIDA) 6,385 companies are located in Tirana Region, 1,080 in Durres, 427 in Vlora, 296 in Korca, 222 in Fier and 217 in Elbasan. Regarding their economic activity, foreign companies operate in the trade, extractive industry, and construction, professional, scientific, and technical activities. Moreover, data from AIDA confirm that foreign entrepreneurs are investing in telecommunication and financial services.

2. Major export and import activities for Albania.

EXPORT
Albania exports textiles and footwear, asphalt, metals and metallic ores, crude oil, vegetables, fruits and tobacco.

Its primary export trading partners Italy are (55.9% of exports), Greece (11.6%), China (7.2%) Italy (27.6%), Greece (14.8%), Turkey (7.4%), China (6.8%), Germany (5.6%), Switzerland (5%) and Russia (4.2%).

IMPORT
Albania's primary imports include machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, textiles and chemicals.

It imports from Italy (32.2% of imports), Greece (13.1%), Turkey (7.2%), Germany (6.6%), China (4.5%), Russia (4.4%) Italy (27.6%), Greece (14.8%), Turkey (7.4%), China (6.8%), Germany (5.6%), Switzerland (5%), Russia (4.2%).

SYAZANA BINTI SAMSUDDIN (A14A1453)

2017-03-13 15:33:57 UTC

RUSSIA
1. Location-specific advantage:
Russia is by far the largest country in the world. The country covers an area all the way from Europe in the West to North America in the East and bordering with Asia in the South, and boasts a vast geography that spans eleven time zones. Emerging as a diverse nation after a long and eventful history, Russia’s growing and strengthening consumer economy, with a market of over 140 million people, is evolving into a prime location for investment. Business opportunities can be found in many sectors of Russia’s economy and strong support exists for investors from both the government and the Foreign Investment Advisory Council (FIAC). Russia’s massive geographical presence spans a distance unmatched by any other single country. Linking Europe with Asia and bordering the North American continent, Russia has excellent access to sea, road and rail routes and is home to several major airports. Russia’s location is further supplemented by its vast natural resources of mineral reserves, coal mines, natural gas and timber.

2. Major export and import activities for the Russia:

Exports | $251 billion (Jan-Nov 2016)
Export goods

Petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, metals, wood and wood products, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures

Main export partners
Netherlands 11.9%
China 8.3%
Germany 7.4%
Italy 6.5%
Turkey 5.6%
Belarus 4.4%
Japan 4.2% (2015)

Imports | $172 billion (Jan-Nov 2016)
Import goods

Consumer goods, machinery, vehicles, pharmaceutical products, plastic, semi-finished metal products, meat, fruits and nuts, optical and medical instruments, iron, steel

Main import partners
China 19.2%
Germany 11.2%
United States 6.4%
Belarus 4.8%
Italy 4.6% (2015)

KHATIJAH BINTI SAHALUDIN (A14A0237)

2017-03-13 15:35:52 UTC

NORWAY
1) Location-specific advantage:
Norway is one of the world’s most prosperous countries. It saves a large portion of its petroleum-sector revenues, including dividends from the partially state-owned Statoil and taxes from oil and gas companies operating in Norway. Low oil prices have been a drag on the economy, and Norway made a withdrawal from its Government Pension Fund Global

2) Major export and import activities for the country:
TOTAL EXPORT = 396.1 MILLIONS
Food and live animals - 1.7%

Crude materials, inedible, except fuels -5.4%

Chemicals and related products n.e.s - 12.9%
Basic manufactures – 23.4%
Machinery, transport equipment – 43.5%
Miscellaneous manufactured articles – 11.3%
Goods not classified elsewhere – 1.8%

TOTAL IMPORT = 277.5 MILLIONS
Food and live animals - 19.6%
Crude materials, inedible, except fuels – 4.5%
Mineral fuels etc – 25.9%
Animal and vegetable oils and fats – 0.9%
Chemicals and related products n.e.s – 13.5%
Basic manufactures – 21.6%
Machinery, transport equipment – 8.3%
Miscellaneous manufactured articles – 4.4%
Goods not classified elsewhere – 1.3%

IMPORT COUNTRY
Main import partners are Sweden (12 percent of total imports), Germany (11 percent), China (10 percent), the UK and the US (6 percent each)

EXPORT COUNTRY

NURUL AZWANI BINTI AZHAR(A14A0861)

2017-03-13 15:47:47 UTC

SRI LANKA

1. Location - specific advantages for the Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, an island off the South-Eastern cost of India, has enjoyed the fruits of international trade since ancient times when it was called "Taprobane" and "Ceylon".Strategically located at the cross roads of both East and West sea routes and as the point of entry to South Asia, Sri Lanka since ancient times is an important centre in the trading routes. Sri Lanka would see that the country is ready for a giant leap in the sectors of port, transport, energy, commercial and knowledge.

2. Major export and import activities:
The main economic sectors of the country are tourism, tea export, apparel, textile, rice production and other agricultural products. In addition to these economic sectors, overseas employment contributes highly in foreign exchange, 90% of expatriate Sri Lanka reside in the Middle East. Sri Lanka create a knowledge based social market economy and an export-oriented economy as well as the western region megapolis a megapolis in the western province to promote economic growth. Creation of several business and technology development areas specialised in various sectors island wide as well as tourism zones in a planned manner. Sri Lanka's oil import bill accounts for an estimated 27% of total imports while its pro-growth policies have resulted in an investment goods import component of 24% of total imports.

SITINUR MAWADDAH BT SULAIMAN(A14A1070)

2017-03-13 15:49:32 UTC

UKRAINE
1) Location-specific advantage:

Geographical location
Ukraine is situated in the central part of Eastern Europe, on the crossroads of major transportation routes from Europe to Asia and from the Scandinavian states to the Mediterranean region.
Most of Ukraine is located south-west of the Eastern European plain. Mountains occupy only 5% of Ukrainian territory: the Ukrainian Carpathian mountains in the west and the Crimean mountains in the south. The highest peak in Ukraine, Goverla Mountain (2,061 m), is situated in the Carpathians. Roman-Kosh peak (1,545 m) is the highest mountain in Crime

Natural resources
Ukraine possesses considerable volumes of natural resources. Analysts estimate that one quarter of the world’s black soil reserves are located in Ukraine. The country’s black soil is deemed the best in the world because of its physical, chemical, agrochemical, and mineralogical properties

2) Major export and import activities:
Export:
Ukraine has a well-developed industrial base and rich farmlands. The country also has quite a lot of mineral resources which are drawn on for both local use and exportation. The main exports from Ukraine are ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, machinery, fuel and petroleum products, transport equipment and food products. Currently the country's gross domestic product is an estimated 81.4 billion. Some 34.29 billion was made from Ukrainian exports last year alone. Currently Ukraine’s main export partners are Russia, Germany, Turkey, Italy and the USA.

As things stand, Ukraine is seeing a lot of financial gain from exports. The country has immense agricultural, mineral and industrial resources which it continues to draw on and profit from. Despite suffering eight years of economic decline, Ukraine has emerged as a country of immense economical importance. Since the turn of the century the country's economic growth averaged 7.4% a year, but this dropped to about 2.6% last year. The high rate of poverty has begun to drop as personal incomes continue to rise. Ukraine's currency has remained fairly stable since its introduction in 1996 and, all in all, the country’s economy has improved in leaps and bounds. Ukraine is now recognized as having the potential to become a major European economy.

Ukrainian exports have certainly helped the country’s economy to stabilize over the past few years. Besides the country’s major exports mentioned above, the country is involved in many spheres of commerce. Crop farming, timber harvesting, coal, ironstone, complex ore and mineral deposit mining are major contributors to the country’s GDP. Grain, sugar and sunflower seeds are the main agricultural yields. Besides metals and oil products the country is also involved in producing coke, fertilizer, airplane, turbines, metallurgical equipment, diesel locomotives and tractors. Ukraine also imports energy, mineral fuel, oil, machinery and parts, transportation equipment, chemicals, paper and textiles.
import:
Ukrainian imports from the U.S. rose 77.4% to $1.3 billion in 2007, up 482% since 2003.
Of American exports to Ukraine in 2007, the following product categories had the highest values.

(1) Agricultural machinery … US$256.4 million (19.1% of Ukraine from U.S. imports, up 127.3% from 2006)
(2) New and used passenger cars … $163.3 million (12.2%, up 65.8%)
(3) Unmanufactured tobacco … $96.4 million (7.2%, up 140.7%)
(4) Meat and poultry … $85.6 million (6.4%, up 71.3%)
(5) Metallurgical grade coal … $71.9 million (5.4%, up 1034%)
(6) Fish and shellfish … $66.8 million (5%, up 52%)
(7) Materials handling equipment … $42.9 million (3.2%, up 166.3%)
(8) Other industrial machines … $34.3 million (2.6%, up 123.6%)
(9) Civilian aircraft … $33.5 million (2.5%, down 11.7%)
(10) Industrial engines … $32.5 million (2.4%, up 121.4%).

ADIBAH BINTI MOHD RUDIN (A14A0007)

norbaiti_a14a1345 — 2017-03-13 15:56:17 UTC

ETHIOPIA
1) The country basically depends on agriculture with estimated over 90% of its population solely dependent on agriculture mainly at subsistence level. Ethiopia carried out trade liberalization between 1974 and 2009. The reforms were at their peak from 1992 onwards. Trade liberalization brought in positive results in Ethiopia In the case of Ethiopia, the 1992 reform creates conducive environment for private investment and opens the door for foreign investors to participate in domestic investment. In order to create a favorable investment climate, the government of Ethiopia extended various kinds of incentive in industrial development zone.

2) EXPORT: Ethiopia's main export product is coffee. Coffee plays a central role in the Ethiopian social fabric.
IMPORT: Ethiopia imports a wide range of goods: from heavy machinery and steel to chewing gum.

NAIZATUL FITRAH BINTI AZMAN (A14A0495) PHILIPINES

naizatulfitrah — 2017-03-13 16:05:40 UTC

1.Location-specific advantages:
The Philippines officially the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas), is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands^[17]that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila.^[18] Bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam to the west, Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south.

The Philippines' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons, but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world's greatest biodiversity. The Philippines has an area of 300,000 square kilometers (115,831 sq mi),^[19] and a population of approximately 100 million.^[20]^[21] It is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world. As of 2013, approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas,^[22] comprising one of the world's largest diasporas. Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelago's earliest inhabitants. They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples.^[23] Exchanges with Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Islamic states occurred. Then, various competing maritime states were established under the rule of Datus, Rajahs, Sultans or Lakans.

2.Major export and import activities:
Philippines' Import and Export Indicators and Statistics at a Glance (2010)

Total value of exports: US$50.72 billion

Primary exports - commodities: semiconductors and electronic products, transport equipment, garments, copper products, petroleum products, coconut oil, fruits

Primary exports partners: US (17.6 percent of total exports), Japan (16.2 percent), Netherlands (9.8 percent), Hong Kong (8.6 percent), China (7.7 percent), Germany (6.5 percent), Singapore (6.2 percent), South Korea (4.8 percent)

Total value of imports: US$59.9 billion

Primary imports - commodities: electronic products, mineral fuels, machinery and transport equipment, iron and steel, textile fabrics, grains, chemicals, plastic

Primary imports partners: Japan (12.5 percent of total imports), US (12 percent), China (8.8 percent), Singapore (8.7 percent), South Korea (7.9 percent), Taiwan (7.1 percent), Thailand (5.7 percent).

NURAIN FARHANA BT CHE AZHAR (A14A0798)

farhanaazhar95 — 2017-03-13 16:05:57 UTC

BAHRAIN
1.Location-specific advantages:
It is an island country consisting of a small archipelago centered around Bahrain Island, situated between the Qatar peninsula and the north eastern coast of Saudi Arabia, to which it is connected by the 25 km (16 mi) King Fahd Causeway.

2.Major export and import activities:
Export
Primary exports - commodities: petroleum and petroleum products, aluminium and textiles.

Primary export partners: India (4.2 percent), Saudi Arabia (2.78 percent) and UAE (2.2 percent)

Import
Primary imports - commodities: crude oil, machinery and chemicals.

Primary import partners: Saudi Arabia (22.91 percent), France (9.76 percent), US (7.95 percent), China (6.4 percent), South Korea (5.26 percent), Japan (5.19 percent), Germany (5.01 percent) and UK (4.34 percent).

NURUL SHAHIRAH BINTI MOHD IZUDDIN (A14A0890)

2017-03-13 16:07:12 UTC

COUNTRY: COSTA RICA

1) LOCATION-SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE FOR COSTA RICA

- Costa Rica has a potential in low-volume and high-knowledge or technical content products such as precision and medical equipment and knowledge intensive services (including design and software development). Having forged a good reputation as a place for investment, it is gaining ground as a suitable location for software design and advanced manufacturing, thanks to the development of a critical mass of companies operating in life sciences/biomedical devices and knowledge-intensive services. But the prospects for greater and better FDI will depend on the country’s ability to design an effective attraction strategy. Attracting knowledge-intensive FDI can help “activate” government policies beyond investment promotion (such as education, competitiveness, innovation, linkages and production development), thus contributing to Costa Rica’s overall development. The challenges are well understood by the current government, which is strongly engaged in attracting knowledge-intensive FDI. The Costa Rican strategy, founded on a combination of strategic geographical location, generous fiscal incentives and a well-educated and relatively costcompetitive workforce, can no longer be expected to yield the same returns.

2) MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT ACTIVITIES

- Costa Rica's main exports are bananas, pineapples, coffee, melons, ornamental plants, sugar, beef, seafood, electronic components and medical equipment; the main imports are raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment, petroleum and construction materials. Costa Rica trades frequently with the United States. Costa Rica exported $21.3B, making it the 71st largest exporter in the world. During the last five years the exports of Costa Rica have increased at an annualized rate of 9.1%, from $13.8B in 2009 to $21.3B in 2014. The most recent exports are led by intergrated circuits which represent 36.5% of the total exports of Costa Rica, followed by Office Machine Parts which account for 14.6%.
Costa Rica imported $13B, making it the 92nd largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Costa Rica have increased at an annualized rate of 6.3%, from $9.6B in 2009 to $13B in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Refined Petroleum which represent 15.6% of the total imports of Costa Rica, followed by Integrated Circuits, which account for 7.52%.

SARRIKA KAUR ELAMARAN (A14A1428)

2017-03-13 16:21:52 UTC

COUNTRY: SOUTH AFRICA
1) LOCATION-SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE FOR SOUTH AFRICA:

South Africa is the economic powerhouse of the African continent, with a GDP of R2,3 trillion (US$309billion Nominal GDP) - four times that of its Southern African neighbours, and comprising 30% of the entire GDP of Africa.
The World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report of 2010/11 ranked South Africa 54th out of 139 global nations. The cost of doing business in South Africa compares favorably to other emerging world markets.
Political and macro economic stability. The South African government has achieved significant successes in ensuring macro-economic stability, via the implementation of macro-economic policies directed at promoting domestic competitiveness, growth and employment.
One of the main reasons for South Africa becoming one of the most popular trade and investment destinations in the world is due to the country ensuring that it can meet specific trade and investment requirements of prospective investors.
The potential of the South African economy is evident in its diversity of sectors and industries.The South African government has introduced wide-ranging legislation to promote training and skills development and fast-track the building of world-class skills and competences.
South Africa has very competitive labour costs. For professional jobs, labour costs are less than half of the cost of European countries. For manufacturing jobs, labour costs are around 1/3 cost of Europe.
South Africa boasts one of the most modern and extensive transport infrastructures in Africa and boasts a world class financial infrastructure.

2. Major export and import activities for South Africa:

Export

The following export product groups represent the highest dollar value in South African global shipments during 2016. Also shown is the percentage share each export category represents in terms of overall exports from South Africa.

Gems, precious metals: US$12 billion (16.2% of total exports)
Vehicles : $9.2 billion (12.4%)
Ores, slag, ash: $7.6 billion (10.3%)
Mineral fuels including oil: $7.1 billion (9.6%)
Iron, steel: $5.3 billion (7.1%)
Machinery including computers: $5.2 billion (7%)
Fruits, nuts: $2.9 billion (3.9%)
Electrical machinery, equipment: $1.8 billion (2.5%)
Aluminum: $1.5 billion (2%)
Beverages, spirits, vinegar: $1.2 billion (1.6%)

The fastest-growing top export categories over the 7-year period starting in 2009 were: vehicles (up 83.4%), fruits and nuts (up 78.3%) led by citrus fruits, electrical machinery and equipment (up 45.3%) led by mobile phones, and gems and precious metals (up 41.9%) led by gold and imitation jewelry.

Import
The following product groups represent the highest dollar value in South Africa’s import purchases during 2016. Also shown is the percentage share each product category represents in terms of overall imports into South Africa.

Machinery including computers: US$10.2 billion (13.7% of total imports)
Mineral fuels including oil: $10 billion (13.4%)
Electrical machinery, equipment: $8.1 billion (10.8%)
Vehicles : $5.8 billion (7.7%)
Plastics, plastic articles: $2.2 billion (3%)
Optical, technical, medical apparatus: $2 billion (2.7%)
Pharmaceuticals: $1.9 billion (2.5%)
Cereals: $1.4 billion (1.8%)
Other chemical goods: $1.4 billion (1.8%)
Organic chemicals: $1.2 billion (1.6%)

Fastest-growing among the top 10 categories was cereals which gained 82.5% in value led by imported corn, rice and wheat.

In second place was plastics which appreciated 45.5% over the 7-year period, followed by miscellaneous chemical goods which rose (up 35.9%) and imported vehicles (up 26.3%).

Thanushaa Sandran

2017-03-13 16:39:35 UTC

A14A1468
Country : Zambia
1)One of the historical issues for Zambia has been its lack of a sea port. Being landlocked was considered a substantial economic disincentive. But ironically, I believe being landlocked in the middle of Africa is now potentially a great advantage.” So says Robin Miller of Real Estate Investments Zambia (REIZ), a leading property development company.
While Zambia might have a relatively small population compared to other African economies – around 14m – it borders on eight countries giving it access to a significant market in central, eastern and southern Africa. And as Miller points out, its political stability and conducive business environment makes it an attractive hub for key industries looking to target less stable neighbouring markets, such as the DRC.

“Around us we have 400m people. So let’s not say we are a small country with little ability to trade within our borders. Let’s say we should be the hub for the region. In some ways that’s happening, especially with our Congo neighbours who never seem to be able to stop fighting,” continues Miller. “And many operators are stationed in Zambia while targeting the Congo market.”

2)Major export and import
Zambia is the 83rd largest export economy in the world and the 75th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Zambia exported $12.6B and imported $9.6B, resulting in a positive trade balance of $2.99B. In 2014 the GDP of Zambia was $27.1B and its GDP per capita was $3.9k.

The top exports of Zambia are Refined Copper ($8.04B), Raw Copper($1.68B), Raw Tobacco ($282M), Cobalt ($232M) and Sulfuric Acid($217M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Copper Ore ($1.19B), Refined Petroleum ($1.02B), Delivery Trucks ($355M), Iron Structures ($308M) and Large Construction Vehicles ($230M).

The top export destinations of Zambia are Switzerland ($4.33B), China($3.92B), the Democratic Republic of the Congo ($757M), South Africa($586M) and Australia ($348M). The top import origins are South Africa($3.15B), the Democratic Republic of the Congo ($1.43B), China ($876M), Kenya ($741M) and India ($419M).

Zambia borders Angola, Botswana, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, Malawi, Namibia, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.

SITI ZURAINI ZAHARI (A14A1069

2017-03-13 16:42:06 UTC

EGYPT

THAVASUNTRY SUPRAMANIAM (A14A1469)

2017-03-13 16:45:07 UTC

COUNTRY : INDONESIA
1) LOCATION-SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE FOR INDONESIA
-Indonesia is the third fastest growing economy in Asia and the largest economy in Southeast Asia. Its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate was 4.5 percent in 2009 and is forecast to climb to 5.6 percent in 2010 and further still to 6 percent in 2011, providing a case for Indonesia's inclusion in the so-called BRIC economies.
-To attract foreign investment, the current administration has been taking various steps including enacting new Investment Law No. 25/2007 ensuring equal treatment to all investors.
-Of the 240 million people in Indonesia, more than 50 percent of them are under 29 years old, with the same percentage living in urban areas. This offers a dynamic labor market, growing at 2.3 million per year. A rapidly urbanizing population also provides strategic pools of labor force.
-Indonesia has abundant and diverse natural resources such as crude palm oil, natural gas, tin, copper, nickel, gold, coal, cocoa.
It is also a renowned market for resource extraction, seen as even a more attractive country than for instance, South Africa, Australia and Canada in terms of the prospect of minerals.
2) MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT ACTIVITIES
EXPORT
-The top exports of Indonesia are Coal Briquettes ($20B), Palm Oil($17.5B), Petroleum Gas ($17B), Crude Petroleum ($9.7B) and Rubber($5.42B), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($26B), Crude Petroleum ($12.1B), Petroleum Gas ($4.04B), Vehicle Parts ($3.01B) and Broadcasting Equipment ($2.78B).
-The top export destinations of Indonesia are Japan ($24.9B), China($20.8B), the United States ($18.8B), Singapore ($18.7B) and India($13.6B). The top import origins are China ($32.5B), Singapore ($25.6B), Japan ($15.4B), South Korea ($11.6B) and Malaysia ($10.6B).
IMPORT
-In 2014 Indonesia imported $178B, making it the 27th largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Indonesia have increased at an annualized rate of 12.5%, from $98.7B in 2009 to $178B in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Refined Petroleum which represent 14.6% of the total imports of Indonesia, followed by Crude Petroleum, which account for 6.78%.

MUHAMMAD HAKIMI BIN ZUHAIRI (A14B1189)

hakimizuhairi — 2017-03-13 16:49:37 UTC

COUNTRY : NETHERLANDS
1) LOCATION SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE FOR NETHERLANDS

A strategic location in Europe

The Netherlands provides a strategic location to serve markets within Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The central geographical position of the Netherlands, combined with accessibility and an excellent infrastructure, are only some of the reasons why numerous European, American and Asian companies have established their facilities in the Netherlands.

A superior logistics and technology infrastructure

The Port of Rotterdam is Europe's largest and most important seaport, while Schiphol Airport is ranked as Europe's best airport for both cargo and passenger transport. The Netherlands is also classified as one of the most ‘wired’ countries in the world; a dynamic force in electronic commerce, communications and outsourcing. More than a decade of investment in high-speed internet, cable and digital communication systems, as well as the rapid adoption of state-of-the-art computer and cell phone technology, have created an ideal base for companies seeking to take advantage of modern technology.

A conducive innovation environment

The Netherlands' open innovation approach and well organized public-private partnerships offer a favorable environment for companies looking for business acceleration. Together with a mind-set of creativity, collaboration and reliability - and a top scientific sector - the Netherlands is able to guarantee the most important drivers in 'innovation location' choices for foreign investors.

An international business environment

The Netherlands, long Europe's trading crossroads, is an obvious choice to locate a pan-European operation - whether it is a European headquarters, a shared services center, a customer care center, a distribution and logistics operation, or an R&D facility. The country’s pro-business environment creates a gateway to Europe that helps international companies succeed throughout the continent. An international outlook and openness to foreign investment is firmly ingrained in the Dutch culture, and this has yielded a wealth of world-class business partners who know how to deal with global business challenges in today's economy.

A solid workforce

The Netherlands features one of the most highly educated, flexible and motivated workforces in Europe. Dutch professionals are also among the most multilingual in the world, enabling them to successfully operate in companies across any industry, serving customers throughout the continent. What's more, Dutch law offers employers a range of contract possibilities to flexibly procure employees.

A competitive fiscal climate

The Dutch tax system has a number of features that may be very beneficial in international tax planning. These include a corporate income tax rate of 20 percent on the first Euro 200,000 and 25 percent for taxable profits exceeding Euro 200,000. In addition, the Dutch ruling practice provides clarity and certainty in advance on future tax positions. Furthermore, in respect of R&D, companies can benefit from the innovation box resulting in an effective corporate tax rate of only 5 percent, as well as an R&D allowance (WBSO) taking the form of wage tax and social security contribution deductions.

An attractive quality of life

The Netherlands is proud to have a high standard of living, whilst maintaining an affordable life for its residents. The costs of living, housing, education and cultural activities are lower than in most Western-European countries. Furthermore, all sorts of cultural and leisure activities are open to both Dutch citizens and visitors alike. Whether it's spending a leisurely afternoon on the beach, enjoying culinary delights or going to one of the cities' acclaimed theaters or opera houses, the new expatriate is soon made to feel that the Netherlands is a most welcoming and entertaining country.
2) MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT ACTIVITIES FOR NETHERLANDS

EXPORT

Machines, engines, pumps: US$80.3 billion (14.1% of total exports)
Oil: $74.4 billion (13.1%)
Electronic equipment: $73.5 billion (13%)
Pharmaceuticals: $28.3 billion (5%)
Medical, technical equipment: $25.3 billion (4.5%)
Plastics: $23.6 billion (4.2%)
Vehicles: $21.4 billion (3.8%)
Organic chemicals: $19.2 billion (3.4%)
Iron and steel: $12.7 billion (2.2%)
Live trees and plants: $9.3 billion (1.6%)

IMPORT

Oil: US$82 billion (16.2% of total Dutch imports)
Electronic equipment: $73.8 billion (14.6%)
Machines, engines, pumps: $64.3 billion (12.7%)
Vehicles: $26.5 billion (5.2%)
Medical, technical equipment: $20.8 billion (4.1%)
Pharmaceuticals: $20.4 billion (4%)
Organic chemicals: $17.5 billion (3.4%)
Plastics: $14.2 billion (2.8%)
Iron and steel: $10.3 billion (2%)
Aluminum: $7.5 billion (1.5%)

NUR ATIQA BINTI MUHAMAD FEKRI (A14A0688)

2017-03-13 17:33:24 UTC

COUNTRY: GUYANA

1) LOCATION SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE FOR GUYANA:

Guyana is a country of vast, often untapped, natural resources. Endowed with productive land and forests, rich mineral deposits of gold, bauxite and diamonds, abundant water resources and Atlantic coastline.
While recognized globally as a sugar and rice producer, much of its agricultural potential is yet to be realized, especially with regard to fresh and processed fruits and vegetables.
Its forestry potential is just beginning to be realized, particularly in the realm of value-added wood products.
Its extensive network of rivers and Atlantic coastline provide ideal conditions for both seafood and aquaculture. Finally, its pristine environment, unspoiled rainforest and exotic fauna and natural attractions, which include the famous Kaieteur Falls, the highest single drop waterfalls in the world, makes Guyana a highly attractive location for eco- and adventure tourism.
Guyana also have unique geographic positioning and its socio-political heritage put it at the gateway of South America and the Caribbean.
A result of its geographic proximity, Guyana has easy access to 277 million consumers, and a US$130+ billion export market with an overall purchasing power of over US$2 trillion.

2) MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT ACTIVITIES.

EXPORT:

Agriculture and mining are Guyana's most important economic activities, with sugar, bauxite, rice, and gold accounting for 70–75 percent of export earnings.
Today, sugar and rice are the most important primary agricultural products, as they had been since the nineteenth century.
Sugar was produced primarily for export whereas most rice was consumed domestically. Today in Guyana sugar production generates the most revenue in the primary industry, at around 15% of the total annual GNP.[2]
Other important crops include wheat, bananas, coconuts, coffee, cocoa, citrus fruits, pepper and pumpkin and livestock commodies from the country's various cattle ranches including beef, pork, poultry, dairy products and fish, notably shrimp.
In some areas peanuts are also an important crop. Many of these products including rice are of extreme importance to national food security within the country.
Small amounts of vegetables, vegetable oil and tobacco are also produced.
During the late 1980s, some farmers succeeded in diversifying into specialty products such as heart-of-palm and asparagus for export to Europe.

IMPORT:

In 2014 Guyana imported $1.92B, making it the 165th largest importer in the world.
During the last five years the imports of Guyana have increased at an annualized rate of 7.9%, from $1.32B in 2009 to $1.92B in 2014.
The most recent imports are led by Refined Petroleum which represent 28.1% of the total imports of Guyana, followed by Large Construction Vehicles, which account for 2.6%.

MUHAMMAD NASRUDDIN BIN KHIRZARUDDIN (A14A0456)

2017-03-13 18:15:51 UTC

TAJIKISTAN

1. Location-specific advantage for the country

Exploiting comparative advantage enables an economy to reap gains from trade. Tajikistan's most important comparative advantage is its hydropower potential, which is far larger than the economy's domestic requirements. In the short term, the sector, which provides the greatest opportunity for Tajikistan to diversify its exports, appears to be agro-industry and, to a lesser extent, clothing. Tajikistan also has a comparative advantage in labor exports, which it has successfully exploited since the mid-2000s. To harness the full potential for labor exports will require improving the skills base of migrant workers and, in particular, their command of the Russian language.

2. Major export and import activities for the country

Russia and Tajikistan trade of flour
Over years a number of business establishments in Russia have played an important role in context of Tajikistan export, import and trade by way of exporting flour.

One of such companies is PAVA. It is among four top Russian companies that export flour to Tajikistan as per Tajikistan import and export reports.

Tajikistan is among prominent importers of oil in Central Asian region. Its export sector has been impeded as a result of weaknesses in demand for Tajik goods and services.

India and Tajikistan trade of barley
Among countries in West Asia Tajikistan is a prominent exporter of barley based products as far as India is concerned.

USA and Tajikistan trade
Recently Tajikistan has signed a transit agreement with USA as per news from Tajikistan export, import and trade sector. This is an extremely important development for that sector of Tajik economy. Right now Tajikistan export, import and trade sector along with fellow Central Asian countries Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan is important as far as trade prospects of USA in this region is concerned.

Tajikistan export of hydropower
It has been learnt that as per CASA 1000 project Tajikistan would be exporting its additional hydropower to various countries in South Asia. Governments of Pakistan and Afghanistan have agreed to build up regional market for electricity in cooperation with Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.

Tajikistan import of food products and grain and petrochemicals
Tajikistan has traditionally been a major importer of grain and similar other food products from countries such as Kazakhstan, Russia, Poland and Ukraine. It has also been importing petrochemicals on a regular basis from Georgia, Ukraine and Russia over years. These activities have received financial backing of European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

Cotton export of Tajikistan
As far as agricultural products are concerned cotton has been a major export item for Tajikistan. In conjunction with aluminum it has earned maximum amount of overseas revenue for Tajik economy. However, nowadays prices of cotton have gone down as a result of ongoing global economic slowdown. This has also forced Tajik government to introduce some alterations to its cotton policies.

ATIKAH SHAFINAZ BINTI RAZAK (A14A0082

2017-03-13 18:20:26 UTC

HUNGARY

Located in the continent of Europe,Hungary covers 89,608 square kilometers of land and 3,420 square kilometers of water, making it the 110th largest nation in the world with a total area of 93,028 square kilometers.

Hungary shares land borders with 7 countries Romania,Ukraine,Croatia,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Austria.

Hungary is an OECD high income mixed economy with a very high human development index and a skilled labor force.

The Hungarian economy is the 57th largest economy in the world (out of 188 countries measured by IMF) with $265.037 billion annual output. Hungary is an export-oriented marked economy with a heavy emphasis on foreign trade; thus the country is the 35 largest export country in the world. The country had more than $100 billion of exports in 2015.

Major industries include food processing, pharmaceuticals, motor vehicles, information technology, chemicals, metallurgy, machinery, electrical goods, and tourism. Electronic manufacturing and research are among the main drivers of innovation and economic growth in the country.

EXPORT IN HUNGARY
mainly export car parts and transport equipment that rise to almost 5 percent of the country’s total exports. The following places are occupied by pharmaceutical products, chemical products, broadcasting equipment, computer parts, metal (iron and steel), agricultural products and textiles. On a particular scale the top 5 Hungarian export products are: cars that occupy 4.7%, broadcasting equipment that occupies 4.6%, video displays with 4.2 %, vehicle spare parts with 4.1% and ignition engines with 3.6% of total exports. The countries Hungary exports to are: Germany with 25%, Romania with 6.5%, Austria with 5.3%, Italy with 4.8% and France with 4.7%. Outside the EU, Hungary’s exports go to Asian countries that occupy 7.21% of exports and the U.S. with almost 3%.

IMPORT IN HUNGARY
machinery and petroleum occupy a great part of Hungary’s import habits. Crude petroleum and petroleum gas are imported in proportion of 8% in Hungary. When it comes to machineries Hungary’s imports are dominated by vehicle parts, pharmaceuticals, telephones, integrated circuits and engine spare parts. The Hungarian top 5 import looks like this: crude petroleum with 5%, petroleum gas with almost 4%, medicines with almost 3.5%, vehicle spare parts and telephones with 3%. The countries Hungary imports most from are Germany with 23%, Russia with almost 9.5%, China and Austria with 6%, Slovakia with almost 5%, Poland, Italy and the Netherlands with 4%.

Hungary, as part of the EU and the OECD, is trading with member states up to 80%. The country Hungary trades most with is Germany.

NUR NADIA BINTI MOHD ZAID A14A1379 COUNTRY: SLOVENIA 1) Location-specific advantage for the country The following product groups represent the highest dollar value in Slovenian global shipments during 2015. Also shown is the percentage share each export category represents in terms of overall exports from Slovenia. a. Vehicles: US$3.7 billion (13.8% of total exports) b. Electronic equipment: $3.2 billion (12.2%) c. Machines, engines, pumps: $2.9 billion (10.8%) d. Pharmaceuticals: $2.6 billion (9.9%) e. Oil: $1.4 billion (5.3%) f. Plastics: $1.1 billion (4.3%) g. Aluminium: $1 billion (3.8%) h. Iron and steel: $957.7 million (3.6%) i. Furniture, lighting, signs: $835.3 million (3.1%) j. Wood: $786.7 million (3%) 2) Major export and import activity in the country Slovenia is the 64th largest export economy in the world and the 12th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Slovenia exported $30.7B and imported $30.2B, resulting in a positive trade balance of $438M. In 2014 the GDP of Slovenia was $49.5B and its GDP per capita was $30.4k. The top exports of Slovenia are Cars ($2.81B), Packaged Medicaments ($2.64B), Refined Petroleum ($1.16B), Vehicle Parts($947M) and Electrical Lighting and Signalling Equipment ($481M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($2.37B), Cars ($1.87B), Packaged Medicaments ($959M), Vehicle Parts ($732M) and Petroleum Gas ($476M).

2017-03-13 18:48:49 UTC

SITI FATIMAH BINTI MOHD MUSTAFA ( A14A1004 )

2017-03-14 01:02:45 UTC

COUNTRY :: LUXEMBOURG
1) Location-specific advantage for the country :
Luxembourg is an attractive business location. Luxembourg, the "Green Heart of Europe" as it is referred to, is amongst the wealthiest countries in the world. The country has an active economic policy that encourages international businesses. A good geographical location, political and social stability and business incentives are just some of the reasons why more and more investors choose to open a business in Luxembourg. Luxembourg’s economic policies encourage investments and private initiative. The Luxembourg Government encourages innovation and investments in certain business fields through a series of incentives for activities such as:

- media,

- automotive components,

- logistics,

- environmental and health technologies and others.

Financial support in Luxemburg, just like in other countries like for businesses in Singapore, can be granted for special projects and to medium and small sized companies. The Luxembourg Government also offers capital grants and other long-term loans are available in Luxembourg.

The workforce in Luxembourg is highly educated and skilled and also multilingual. The country’s high productivity is largely due to its people. Citizens from EU and EEA countries, including Switzerland, have free access to the labour market.

The tax environment in Luxembourg is also competitive comparatively to taxation in other European countries. The standard VAT rate is 15%, levied on the supply of goods and services. An intermediate rate of 12% can apply on certain goods and a reduced rate of 6% is also available. The corporate income tax in Luxembourg is 21% for taxable income that exceeds 15,000 EUR and 20% otherwise.

2. Major export and import activities for the country :
**Major Export in Luxembourg :
The main export commodities in Luxembourg are: steel products, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, diamonds, chemicals, other products. Luxembourg’s main export partners are: Germany, France and Belgium. The main exported goods and their destination country can be summarised as follows:

- ores and metals exported in: Germany, France and Belgium (country classification according to the value of the exports);

- office, telecom and electrical equipment exported in the United Kingdom;

- basic food and food products exported in Germany;

- chemicals exported in Germany;

- ores and metals exported in the Netherlands.

Today, other goods exported by Luxembourg are: beverage and tobacco, textiles, road vehicles and transport equipment and pharmaceuticals.

**Main import in Luxembourg :
The main imported goods in Luxembourg are fuels, foodstuffs, ores and metal, different consumer goods. Luxembourg mainly imports from the European Union - Belgium, Germany, France, the Netherlands, but also China, the United Kingdom and the United States.

The main imported goods come from:

- fuels from Belgium;

- office, telecom and electrical equipment from China;

- ores and metals from Germany;

- other manufactures and other products from Germany;

- road vehicles and transport equipment from Belgium and Germany.

NASUHA BINTI MOHAMMAD NAZRI (a14a0503)

2017-03-14 01:16:09 UTC

COUNTRY :: HONDURAS

1) location - specific advantage for country

Situated in Central America, Honduras has a total area of 112,090 sq km (43,278 sq mi), with a length of 663 km (412 mi) ene–wsw and 317 km (197 mi) nnw–sse. Comparatively, the area occupied by Honduras is slightly larger than the state of Tennessee. It is bounded on the n and e by the Caribbean Sea, on the s by Nicaragua and the Gulf of Fonseca, on the sw by El Salvador, and on the w by Guatemala, with a total boundary length of 2,340 km (1,454 mi), of which 820 km (509 mi) is coastline.
Honduras is mountainous, with the exception of the northern Ulúa and Aguán river valleys on the Caribbean Sea and the southern coastal area. There are four main topographic regions: the eastern lowlands and lower mountain slopes, with 20% of the land area and no more than 5% of the population; the northern coastal plains and mountain slopes, with 13% of the land and about 20% of the population; the central highlands, with 65% of the area and 70% of the population; and the Pacific lowlands and their adjacent lower mountain slopes, with 2% of the area and 5% of the population.

2) Major export and import activities for the country :

Honduras remains at the forefront of Central American economic integration efforts. In May 1992, Honduras signed several trade agreements with its neighbors, including Free Trade Agreements with Guatemala and El Salvador, and a Honduran/Salvadoran/Guatemalan Northern Triangle Accord, with the intent of accelerating regional integration. Honduras is also a member of the WTO and the CACM. Free trade agreements were under discussion with Chile, Panama, Mexico, the Andean Community, Taiwan, and the Dominican Republic in 1999.
The most important export from Honduras is coffee (33%), followed by printed matter (13%), and the cultivation of fruits and nuts (10%). Other major exports include shrimp and lobster (3.5%), wood and logging products, including paper (4.1%), and tobacco (2.4%).
In 2005, exports reached $1.7 billion (FOB—Free on Board), while imports grew to $4.1 billion (FOB). In 2004, the bulk of exports went to the United States (54.4%), El Salvador (8.1%), Germany (5.9%), and Guatemala (5.4%). Imports included manufactures

Country |Exports |Imports| Balance

World | 961.8 | 3,105.3 | -2,143.5
United States | 448.9 | 1,210.7 | -761.8
El Salvador | 138.7 | 171.7 | -33.0
Guatemala | 63.3 | 261.6 | -198.3
Germany | 53.6 | 38.5 | 15.1
Netherlands | 27.1 | 15.1 | 12.0
Belgium | 23.4 | 23.6 | -0.2
Costa Rica | 22.1 | 149.9 | -127.8
Japan | 17.4 | 168.4 | -151.0
Nicaragua | 16.5 | 48.9 | -32.4
Jamaica | 15.1 | … | 15.1

(…) data not available or not significant. | |

And industrial raw materials, machinery and transport equipment, minerals and fuels, and food and animal products, and mainly came from the United States (37.5%), Guatemala (6.9%), Mexico (5.4%), Costa Rica (4.3%), and El Salvador (4%).

MUHAMMAD AZEEM BIN MA'ROF (A14A0410)

2017-03-14 01:19:54 UTC

Country : IVORY COAST
1. Location-specific advantage for country:

Abidjan the economic city in ivory Coast. Abidjan is also the largest city in the country and the centre of its economic activity, it has officially been designated as the "economic capital" of the country. Abidjan lies on the south-east coast of the country, on the Gulf of Guinea. The city is located on the Ebrie Lagoon The business district, Le Plateau, is the center of the city, along with Cocody, Deux Plateaux (the city's wealthiest neighborhood and a hub for diplomats), and Adjame, a Slum on the north shore of the lagoon.

2. Major export and import activities:
EXPORT.

Cote d'Ivoire exported $14.3B, making it the 77th largest exporter in the world. During the last five years the exports of Cote d'Ivoire have increased at an annualized rate of 5.8%, from $10.8B to $14.3B
The most recent exports are led by Cocoa Beans which represent 25% of the total exports of Cote d'Ivoire, followed by Refined Petroleum., which account for 11.3%.
Ivory Coast supplies more than a third of the world’s cocoa and its exports for the global chocolate market were worth around 2.5 billion dollars. However, revenues from cocoa production are threatened by regular blights such as black pod disease. Small farmers are unable to afford the regular spraying which would protect their cocoa crops. The industry also suffers from under-investment.

IMPORT.

Cote d'Ivoire imported $11.4B, making it the 97th largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Cote d'Ivoire have increased at an annualized rate of 9.7%, from $7.18B to $11.4B
The most recent imports are led by Crude Petroleum which represent 20.5% of the total imports of Cote d'Ivoire, followed by Special Purpose Ship, which account for 5.49%. Then, capital equipment and foodstuff.
The main import partners are Nigeria (19%) and France (14%). Others countries include: United States, China and Netherlands.

NURUL WAHIDAH JALIL

2017-03-14 02:24:12 UTC

A14A0904
Country Panama
Location Specific Advantage -
The government of Panama created the Special Economic Area Panama Pacifico under the Law 41 of July 20, 2004. This area offers special corporate benefits for companies established in this economic zone:
-One Stop Shop (11 government offices into one location)
-Special Immigration and Labor Standards
-Special Custom Regime
-Tax Incentives, exemption from certain taxes or no taxes at all
-Investment Stability Law
-Single Registration
-Training Center

Major Export and Import -
-The top exports of Panama are Passenger and Cargo Ships ($557M), Refined Petroleum ($555M), Coal Tar Oil ($362M), Petroleum Gas ($308M) and Packaged Medicaments ($266M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification.
-The top imports are Crude Petroleum ($4.31B), Refined Petroleum ($3.99B), Passenger and Cargo Ships ($2.68B), Sulfonamides ($1.16B) and Special Purpose Ships ($820M).

NUR ADILAH SYAFIQAH BINTI RASHID (A14A0645)

2017-03-14 02:29:09 UTC

COSTA RICA

1)LOCATION SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE
- Costa Rica is in the middle of American Continent. With ports on both the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, it serves as an operations base for world markets. Also, Costa Rican products enter duty-free to the U.S through the Caribbean Basin Initiative, to Europe through the General System of preferences, and to central America and Mexico through bilateral free trade agreements. Currently, Costa Rica is working to obtain NAFTA parity and sign an agreement with

2)MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT
- According to the CIA Factbook, Costa Rica's main exports are babanas, pineapples, coffee, melons, ornamentap plants, sugar, beef, seafood, electronic components and medical equipment; the main imports are raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment, petroleum and construction materials. Costa Rica trades frequently with the United States. Costa Rica is the 32nd largest trade partner with the U.S. On the other hand, the U.S is Costa Rica's largest trade partner, accounting for almost 50% of imports and 40% of exports. In 2013, the United States imported $11.9 billion in goods from Costa Rica. In the same year, Costa Rica imported $7.2 billion in goods from the United States.

NUR FAQIHAH SAHIRA BT BURHANUNDIN

faqihah_sahira — 2017-03-14 02:37:39 UTC

(A14A0709)
COUNTRY : ECUADOR
1. location - specific advantage for country
- Ecuador is located on the west coast of the continent and is crossed by the equator (the country gets its name from the Spanish word for "equator"). It has a length of 714 km (444 mi) n–s and a width of 658 km (409 mi) e–w. Ecuador borders Colombia on the n, Peru on the e and s, and the Pacific Ocean on the w, with a total boundary length of 4,247 km (2,639 mi), of which 2,237 km (1,398 mi) is coastline. (Ecuador has lost about two-thirds of the territory it once claimed to Colombia and Peru.)

- The Galápagos Islands, a province of Ecuador with an area totaling 8,010 sq km (3,093 sq mi), are approximately 1,130 km (700 mi) off the coast on the equator at 89° to 92°w. The total area of the republic and its territory is estimated at 283,560 sq km (109,483 sq mi). Comparatively, the area occupied by Ecuador is slightly smaller than the state of Nevada. Ecuador also claims about 200,000 sq km (77,000 sq mi) of land awarded to Peru under the 1942 Protocol of Río de Janeiro. Armed hostilities flared along a still undemarcated stretch of the border in January 1981, but by 20 February, a 14-km (9-mi) demilitarized zone had been arranged along the disputed line. Official maps of Ecuador show the entire region as Ecuadoran territory. Ecuador's capital city, Quito, is located in the north central part of the country.

2. Major export and import activities for the country :

EXPORTS :
- The top exports of Ecuador Crude Petroleum ($3.22B) Bananas ($3.22B), Crustaceans ($2.55B), Processed Fish ($1.3B) and Gold ($954M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification.
- The top export destinations of Ecuador are the United States ($11.1B), Chile ($2.25B), Peru ($1.68B), Panama ($1.42B) and Colombia ($940M)

IMPORTS :
-Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($3.44B), Coal Tar Oil ($2.27B), Cars ($786M), Packaged Medicaments ($775M) and Petroleum Gas ($651M).

- The top import origins are the United States ($7.56B), China ($4.59B), Colombia ($1.85B), Mexico ($1.13B) and South Korea ($931M).

NOR ZAWANI BT NORDIN (A14A0608) COLOMBIA

2017-03-14 03:47:16 UTC

LOCATION-SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE

· Located on the northwest corner of South America, Colombia is the only nation in the region with coasts on both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. It is divided into five regions: the Andes Mountains; the Pacific Ocean coastal region; the Caribbean Sea coastal region; the llanos or plains; and the Amazon Rainforest.

· Because of its proximity to the equator, Colombia enjoys a tropical and isothermal climate, reducing the changes associated with seasons. Temperatures vary significantly with elevation, however, usually losing 6°C for every 1000 metres gained. With an average temperature of 30°C at sea level, one should expect 24°C at 1000 metres, 18°C at 2000 metres and 12°C at 3000 metres. Colombia has a dry season in the summer and a wet season in the winter, but these vary by region; in Bogotá the rainy season extends from October to December. Colombian festivals generally take place during the dry periods of December to March or July and August.

· Agriculture has traditionally been the chief economic activity in Colombia. An extremely wide variety of crops is grown, depending on altitude, but coffee is by far the major crop and its price on the world market has affected Colombia's economic health. Among the commercial crops, coffee is grown between elevations of 3,000 and 6,000 ft (914 and 1,829 m); bananas, cotton, sugarcane, oil palm, and tobacco are grown at lower elevations. Between 6,000 and 10,000 ft (1,829 and 3,048 m) potatoes, beans, grains, flowers, and temperate-zone fruit and vegetables are grown.

· Colombia is rich in minerals, including petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, and platinum. The saltworks at Zipaquirá, near Bogotá, are world famous. Hydroelectric potential was developed during the 1970s and 80s. The manufacturing sector of the economy has expanded greatly in recent decades, although it is heavily dependent on imported materials. Beverages and processed foods, textiles, clothing and footwear, and chemicals are the chief products. Tourism is also a sizable source of income.

MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT ACTIVITIES

· Colombia is the 53rd largest export economy in the world and the 57th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Colombia exported $56.5B and imported $61.5B, resulting in a negative trade balance of $5.04B. In 2014 the GDP of Colombia was $377B and its GDP per capita was $13.4k.

· The top exports of Colombia are Crude Petroleum ($25.7B), Coal Briquettes ($7.59B), Refined Petroleum ($2.77B), Coffee ($2.66B) and Gold ($1.76B), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($7.19B), Cars ($2.61B), Computers ($1.98B), Planes, Helicopters, and/or Spacecraft ($1.97B) and Broadcasting Equipment ($1.74B).

· The top export destinations of Colombia are the United States ($14.8B), China ($5.76B), Panama ($3.64B), Spain ($3.32B) and India ($2.75B). The top import origins are the United States ($17.7B), China ($11.5B), Mexico ($5.22B), Germany ($2.51B) and Brazil ($2.47B).

FAZIRA RUSWATI BT MOHD DAUD (A14A0178

2017-03-14 03:57:49 UTC

NETHERLANDS

1. Location-specific advantage for the country

- Numerous multinationals already benefit from the Netherlands as a holding location and access to the European markets. Many foresee that the Netherlands will maintain this position as gateway to Europe. Next to the beneficial tax features of the Netherlands, key factors remain its attractive geographical locations, its excellent infrastructure and main ports.There has been an increasing interest in the Netherlands as a prime location for multinational companies and for foreign investors wishing to avoid tax havens and black listed jurisdictions.

2. Major export and import activities for the country

Netherlands Trade : Exports

- Netherlands’ exports volumes amounted to $397.6 billion in 2009, dropping from $531.7 billion in 2008. The Netherlands ranked seventh in the world in terms of the export volumes. Being a land with abundant fertile land and excess food production, the Netherlands exports food items to most of its trading partners. Its other export commodities are:

1. Machinery and equipment

2. Chemicals

3. Fuel

The Netherlands’ main export partners are:

1. Germany

2. Belgium

3. France

4. UK

5. Italy

Netherlands Trade : Imports

- According to the 2009 statistics, the Netherland imported a total volume of $358.9 billion, dropping substantially from $474.8 billion in 2008. The Netherlands ranked eighth in the world in terms of import volumes. With huge natural resources, this country requires machines to process them and therefore machinery dominates its imports. Other import commodities include:

1. Transport equipment

2. Chemicals

3. Fuels

4. Foodstuffs

5. Clothing

The Netherlands’ main import partners are :

1. Germany

2. China

3. Belgium

4. US

5. UK

6. Russia

7. France

WAN MUHAMMMAD FAIZ BIN WAN IBRAHIM A14A1141 United Arab Emirates 1) Location-specific advantage for the country UAE government started to create free zones – geographically defined areas inside of which companies are exempt from certain duties and taxes. UAE free zones have reflected the reasons for their creation. They were made to diversify the economy by bringing in businesses and foreign expertise from a wide range of sectors.As a result they are more than simple tax havens. They have been created to be hubs of collaboration, learning and expertise. UAE free zones are largely sector-specific, meaning they bring businesses in similar industries – such as aviation – together. By offering well developed infrastructure, logistics and independent administration capable of catering to each sector’s specific needs, free zones have attempted to create an environment that can pass expertise and diversity into the UAE economy.Free zones do have limitations with companies who operate in them unable to trade directly with the home UAE market unless they establish an ‘onshore’ operation. The Dubai Government has recently announced its intention to crack down on those companies flaunting their position within free zones by trading directly onshore.

2017-03-14 04:02:43 UTC

2)Major export and import activities for the country
With imports totaling $273.5 billion in 2012, UAE passed Saudi Arabia as the largest consumer market in the region. Exports totaled $314 billion, which makes UAE the second largest exporter in the region.
UAE and India are each other's main trading partners, with the latter having many of its citizens working and living in the former. The trade totals over $75 billion (AED275.25 billion)
The top five of the Main Partner Countries of the UAE in 2014 are Iran (3.0%), India (2.9%), Saudi Arabia (1.5%), Oman (1.4%) and Switzerland (1.2%). As for the top five of UAE suppliers are China (7.4%), United States (6.4%), India (5.8%), Germany (3.9%) and Japan (3.5%).
UAE export goods are Crude oil, natural gas, dried fish, dates. Main export partners are Iran( 14.5%), Japan( 9.8%), India (9.2%), China( 4.7%), Oman( 4.3% ) and Main import partner are China (15.5%), India (12.7%), United States (9.6% ),Germany (6.8%), United Kingdom (4.3%)

NAJATULSYAHIRAH A14A0496

2017-03-14 04:13:53 UTC

FRANCE
1)LOCATION SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE

The European part of France is called Metropolitan France and it is located in one of the occidental ends of Europe. It is bordered by the North Sea in the north, the English Channel in the northwest, the Atlantic ocean in the west and the Mediterranean sea in the south east
Metropolitan France has a wide variety of topographical sets and natural landscapes. Large parts of the current territory of France were raised during several tectonic episodes like the Hercynian uplift in the Paleozoic Era, during which the Armorican Massif, the Massif Central, the Morvan massif, the Vosges and Ardennes ranges and the island of Corsica were formed.

2. Major export and import activities for the country
(EXPORT)

According to the World Trade Organization (WTO), in 2009 France was the world's sixth largest exporter and the fourth largest importer of manufactured goods
France is one of the EU’s major importers and exporters with everything from raw commodities to automobiles.
France also exports a number of valuable commodities including machinery and transportation equipment, aircraft, plastics, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, iron, steel, consumer products, petroleum and cars & vehicles. A major part of this foreign trade is carried out with European partners including Germany, UK, Spain and Italy.
France also one of the biggest exporter in cheese, wine, and wheat, being the world’s leading supplier of quality produce in these areas.

IMPORTS

Primary imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, vehicles, crude oil, aircraft, plastics, chemicals
Primary imports partners: Germany (19.5 percent), Belgium (11.3 percent), Italy (7.6 percent), Netherlands (7.4 percent), Spain (6.6 percent), UK (5.1 percent), China (4.9 percent)

MOHAMMAD IQBAL HAKIM BIN SUKRI (A14A0354)

iqbal_a14a0354 — 2017-03-14 04:19:25 UTC

HAITI
1) Location-specific advantage
- Haiti has a free market economy. Labor costs are lower than average for North America. Its major trading partner is the United States. Haiti has preferential trade access to the US market through the Haiti Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement (HOPE) and Haiti Economic Lift Program Encouragement Acts (HELP) legislation, which allows duty-free access, for a variety of textiles, to the US market.
- Haiti has an agricultural economy. Over half of the world's vetiver oil (an essential oil used in high-end perfumes) comes from Haiti, and bananas, cocoa, and mangoes are important export crops. Haiti has also moved to expand to higher-end manufacturing, producing Android-based tablets and current sensors and transformers.

2) Major export and import activities
- The Republic of Haiti mainly exports commodities, such as coffee, mangoes, cocoa, oil and apparel. About 70% of the export go to the United States, 9% is destined to the Dominican Republic, and about 3% goes to Canada.
- The country imports raw materials, fuel, machinery and transportation equipment, consumer goods, and food.
- Haiti imports mostly from the United States, the Dominican Republic, China and the Netherlands Antilles.

- Haiti's major imports are raw materials and food. The country mostly imports rice, cotton fabric, vegetable oil, milk, iron and steel, wheat, chicken, and vehicles.

WAN MOHAMAD AMIN BIN WAN HUSSIN (A14A1139)

2017-03-14 04:31:17 UTC

IRAq
1) Loacation-specific Advantage
-Over the past 10 years, Iraq has undergone a dramatic, rapid, and positive transformation from a centralized economy to a market economy based on competition, equal opportunity, and the development of the private sector. In a region that remains volatile and uncertain at times, Iraq presents businesses, entrepreneurs and investors with new opportunities, resources, and markets.
-Iraq has registered double digit GDP growth rate thanks to oil exports and the rising production of hydrocarbons. The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund predict GDP will grow by 10% in 2013, driven primarily by rising oil production and higher oil prices. Iraq has the world’s fifth largest proven oil reserves and plans to quadruple oil production by 2017. Government expenditures will continue to rise as we expect to allocate an increasing amount of the budget towards infrastructure and social services development.

2) Major export and import activities
-As the country stabilizes, and Iraqis prosper, the Iraqi consumer base will grow. Iraq was the United States’ 58th largest export market in 2011. Iraq's location at the center of many historic and current middle-east trade routes provides an undeniable advantage; this advantage creates many opportunities for builders, suppliers, transporters, developers, producers, service providers, manufacturers, and financiers. The Government of Iraq can provide businesses and investors the right tools to land the best opportunities in country.
-In partnership with the U.S. government, Iraq is focused on creating a business-friendly environment. For example, on February 16, 2013, the U.S. and Iraqi governments, with private sector leaders, launched the second phase of the Iraqi Solutions for Administrative and Regulatory Reform (ISRAR). ISRAR seeks to create a diversified, competitive economy in Iraq that attracts investment and creates jobs by simplifying and eliminating regulations that hinder economic growth, particularly in the areas of business start-up, construction permits, and import-export licensing. In November, 2012, ISRAR unveiled a first set of 133 specific recommendations to streamline business in Iraq and in turn improve Iraq’s rank in the World Bank Doing Business Report. For example, the ISRAR recommendations will reduce the time needed to register a business from 74 days to 4 days. ISRAR is part of the broader effort to increase economic opportunity and prosperity throughout the country, as outlined in the Strategic Framework Agreement with the United States.

Nor afikah abdullah A14a0555 (Burkina Faso)

2017-03-14 04:40:25 UTC

1) Location specific advantage
-Burkina Faso remains one of the poorest countries in the world. Agriculture accounts for about 35% of the GDP and employs about 90% of the labor force. Food staples—millet, sorghum, maize, and rice—are the principal crops grown for domestic consumption. Cotton is the principal export crop; its cultivation, however, is notably price sensitive. In addition, Burkina exports small amounts of shea nuts, sesame, groundnuts, sugar, cashews, and garden vegetables. The livestock sector was once substantial, but had declined by 2002.
-The environmental conditions for agriculture are often precarious. Northern Burkina is at the edge of the Sahara Desert and has been subject to severe drought. Furthermore, Burkina soils are generally poor and lateritic. However, expansion of agriculture to more fertile fields in river valleys was supported by a multimillion-dollar UN project to eradicate "river blindness" (onchocerciasis) which had previously rendered these locations uninhabitable.
-Burkina's mineral sector is largely undeveloped. Long underestimated, the Pour gold reserves have proven to be capable of generating nearly 10% of export earnings annually. Zinc and silver deposits at Perk have been judged commercially viable. The World Bank issued loans in 1996 to upgrade the mining industry.
-The environmental conditions for agriculture are often precarious. Northern Burkina is at the edge of the Sahara Desert and has been subject to severe drought. Furthermore, Burkina soils are generally poor and lateritic. However, expansion of agriculture to more fertile fields in river valleys was supported by a multimillion-dollar UN project to eradicate "river blindness" (onchocerciasis) which had previously rendered these locations uninhabitable.
-Mineral deposits in the north of the country were hostage to the extension of the Abidjan-to-Ouagadougou rail line to Dori. Significant limestone deposits basic to cement manufacturing are located near Tambao at Tin Hrassan. Other mineral resources are manganese, vanadium-bearing magnetite, bauxite, lead, nickel, and phosphates.
-In January 1994 France devalued the CFA franc, causing its value to drop in half overnight. Immediately, prices for almost all imported goods soared, including prices for food and essential drugs, like those to combat malaria. The devaluation was designed to encourage new investment, particularly in the export sectors of the economy, and discourage the use of hard currency reserves to buy products that could be grown domestically. Prior to devaluation, Burkina Faso imported most of its food and had little to export; since 1994, exports have risen. As of 2003, economic progress depended upon reducing the trade deficit, the continuation of low inflation rates, improving the infrastructure, pursuing privatization, developing mineral resources, and encouraging private investment. Foreign aid remains the chief source of finance for investment and economic development. In 1999, the World Bank agreed to implement a five-year structural adjustment program of $53 million, and in 2000, it approved an interest-free $45 million Poverty Reduction Support Credit (PRSC) for the country, to help it carry out poverty-reduction policies and programs.
2) Major export and import in the country
-As of 2000, about 90% of the population was employed in subsistence farming. The country relies heavily on imports for capital goods and food products. Importers generally are their own wholesalers and often their own retailers, dealing in everything from matches to farm equipment. There are a limited number of privately-owned factories for cotton and textiles manufacturing and food processing. Many residents migrate to surrounding countries to find work and send money back home. The main commercial centers are in Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso, where French commercial practices prevail.
-

MOHAMAD SHAHRULNIZAM BIN ABD SHUKOR (A14A0344)

2017-03-14 04:47:31 UTC

MOZAMBIQUE
1. LOCATION SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE
> The country has significant and varied natural resources (energy, mines, agriculture, forestry, fishing). Also, Mozambique's geographical location provides it with a serious advantage in the transportation field. The Government has consistently implemented reforms, maintained sound economic policies, and put in place a privatization program for public companies, which offer great opportunities for foreign investors.
2. TOTAL EXPORT =
826.80 USD Million

3. TOTAL IMPORT = 1328.40 USD Million

4. EXPORTING COUNTRY AND IMPORTING COUNTRY

NURAINI BINTI JUSOH (A14A0799)

2017-03-14 04:58:21 UTC

COUNTRY: BOLIVIA1. Location-specific advantage for the country
The economy of Bolivia is the 95th largest economy in the world in nominal terms and the 87th economy in terms of purchasing power parity. It is classified by the World Bank to be a lower middle income country. With a Human Development Index of 0.675, it is ranked 119th (medium human development).
The Bolivian economy has had a historic pattern of a single-commodity focus. From silver to tin to coca, Bolivia has enjoyed only occasional periods of economic diversification. Political instability and difficult topography have constrained efforts to modernize the agricultural sector. Similarly, relatively low population growth coupled with low life expectancy and high incidence of disease has kept the labor supply in flux and prevented industries from flourishing. Rampant inflation and corruption also have thwarted development, but in recent years the fundamentals of its economy have showed unexpected improvement, leading major credit rating agencies to upgrade Bolivia's economic rating in 2010. The mining industry, especially the extraction of natural gas and zinc, currently dominates Bolivia’s export economy.
Situated in South America just n of the Tropic of Capricorn, Bolivia has a total area of 1,098,580 sq km (424,164 sq mi), extending about 1,530 km (950 mi) n–s and 1,450 km (900 mi) e–w. Comparatively, the area occupied by Bolivia is slightly less than three times the size of the state of Montana. Completely landlocked, Bolivia is bounded on the Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile and Peru with a total boundary length of 6,743 km (4,190 mi). The capital city of Bolivia, La Paz, is located in the west-central part of the country.

2. Major export and import activities for the country
Total Export
Bolivia is the 79th largest export economy in the world and the 120th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Bolivia exported $13.4B and imported $11B, resulting in a positive trade balance of $2.36B. In 2014 the GDP of Bolivia was $33B and its GDP per capita was $6.63k.
The top exports of Bolivia are Petroleum Gas ($6.03B), Gold ($1.37B), Zinc Ore ($993M), Crude Petroleum ($755M) and Soybean Meal ($714M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($862M), Cars ($671M), Delivery Trucks ($467M), Raw Iron Bars ($253M) and Large Construction Vehicles ($249M).
The top export destinations of Bolivia are Brazil ($3.82B), Argentina ($2.56B), the United States ($2.04B), Colombia ($621M) and China ($609M). The top import origins are China ($1.7B), Brazil ($1.63B), Chile ($1.38B), the United States ($1.2B) and Argentina ($842M). Bolivia borders Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru and Paraguay.
Exports in Bolivia decreased to 537.12 USD Million in December from 549.99 USD Million in November of 2016. Exports in Bolivia averaged 396.21 USD Million from 1994 until 2016, reaching an all time high of 1156.51 USD Million in May of 2014 and a record low of 98.20 USD Million in January of 1996.

Total Import
In 2014 Bolivia imported $11B, making it the 100th largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Bolivia have increased at an annualized rate of 16.1%, from $5.24B in 2009 to $11B in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Refined Petroleum which represent 7.82% of the total imports of Bolivia, followed by Cars, which account for 6.09%.
Bolivia main imports are machinery and transport equipment (38 percent of total imports), chemicals and related products (15 percent), mineral fuels and lubricants (14 percent), iron and steel (7.4 percent) and food products and livestock (7 percent). Main import partners are Brazil (18 percent of total imports), Argentina (13 percent), China (11 percent) and United States (11 percent).
Imports in Bolivia increased to 802.56 USD Million in December from 713.58 USD Million in November of 2016. Imports in Bolivia averaged 363.93 USD Million from 1994 until 2016, reaching all time high of 1081.12 USD Million in October of 2014 and a record low of 98.20 USD Million in January of 1996.

EXPORTING COUNTRIES
Bolivia shipped US$7.1 billion worth of products around the globe in 2016. That figure represents roughly 0.04% of overall global exports estimated at $16.236 trillion for the prior year 2015. From a continental perspective, $3.4 billion or 47.4% of Bolivian exports by value were delivered to other Latin American (excluding Mexico) or Caribbean countries while 24.3% were sold to Asian importers. Bolivia shipped another 15.5% worth of goods to North America, with 10.8% arriving in Europe.
Below is a list showcasing 15 of Bolivia’s top trading partners, countries that imported the most Bolivian shipments by dollar value during 2016. Also shown is each import country’s percentage of total Bolivian exports.
Brazil: US$1.4 billion (19.2% of total Bolivian exports)
United States: $964.5 million (13.6%)
Argentina: $806.3 million (11.4%)
Colombia: $625.2 million (8.8%)
China: $473.3 million (6.7%)
Japan: $417.3 million (5.9%)
South Korea: $384.5 million (5.4%)
Peru: $338.6 million (4.8%)
Belgium: $324 million (4.6%)
United Arab Emirates: $199.9 million (2.8%)
Australia: $140.3 million (2%)
India: $122.2 million (1.7%)
Canada: $108.6 million (1.5%)
Spain: $96.1 million (1.4%)
Netherlands: $87.2 million (1.2%)

Over nine-tenths (91.1%) of Bolivian exports in 2016 were delivered to the above 15 trade partners., Importers in the United Arab Emirates increased their import purchases from Bolivia at the highest percentage, up an astounding 62,367% from 2009 to 2016. India boosted its imports from Bolivia by 4,288% over the same period, trailed by Australia (up 288.9%) and China (up 262.4%).

Three countries reduced their imports from Bolivia, South Korea (down -22.3%), Brazil (down -18.2%) and Spain (down -0.7%)

IMPORTING COUNTRIES

NAJIHAH ZAINOR (A14A1323)

jieyazai944 — 2017-03-14 05:00:09 UTC

Country: MALAWI
1) Location-specific advantage:
Malawi is a safe, sensible and profitable free market economy, strategically located between Zambia,Tanzania and Mozambique. Malawi is well positioned to actas your global export base in an increasingly competitive market,where access to raw material, sand time to market is crucial in maintain in global chain supply. Market access from Malawi’slow cost of doing business is an otable asset particularly when considering labor costs.There is very little crime and the small size of the nation makes doing business afriendly, relationship driven experience.
2) export and import activities of Malawi:
Malawi is the 143rd largest export economy in the world and the 86th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Malawi exported $1.49B and imported $2.79B, resulting in a negative trade balance of $1.3B. In 2014 the GDP of Malawi was $4.26B and its GDP per capita was $821.The top exports of Malawi are raw tobacco($761M), tea($91.8M), radioactive chemical($69.5M), raw sugar($64.8M) and dried regumes ($59.7M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are refined petroluem($341M), packaged medicament ($188M), Nitrogenous fertilizers ($121M), wheat ($65.9M) and Mixed mineral or chemical fertilizers ($63.9M).The top export destinations of Malawi are Belgium- Luxembourg ($142M), Germany ($113M), ($93.3M) and Mozambique ($88M). The top import origins are South Africa ($549M), India ($333M), Mozambique($320M, China ($275M) and theUnited Arab Emirate ($143M).Malawi borders Mozambique
Tanzania and Zambia

ExportsIn 2014 Malawi exported $1.49B, making it the 143rd largest exporter in the world. During the last five years the exports of Malawi have increased at an annualized rate of 3.4%, from $1.26B in 2009 to $1.49B in 2014. The most recent exports are led by raw tobacco which represent 51.2% of the total exports of Malawi, followed by tea, which account for 6.17%.

In 2014 Malawi imported $2.79B, making it the 153rd largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Malawi have increased at an annualized rate of 6%, from $2.08B in 2009 to $2.79B in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Refined petroleum which represent 12.3% of the total imports of Malawi, followed by packaged medicament, which account for 6.76%.

IZHA SYAHARIZA BIN IBRAHIM A14A0211 COUNTRY: NIGERIA

2017-03-14 05:03:37 UTC

Location-specific advantage for the country Nigeria

Abundant Resources: Nigeria has enormous resources, most of which are yet to be fully exploited. They include mineral, agricultural and human resources.

Large Market: Nigeria offers the market in sub-Saharan Africa, with a population of about 120 million people. The Nigerian market potential also stretches into the growing West African sub-region.

Political Stability: Nigeria offers stable political environment.

Free Market Economy: The Government has created a favorable climate for business and industrial ventures. Administrative and bureaucratic procedures have been greatly streamlined. The Government has put in place policies and programmes that guarantee a free market economy.

Robust Private Sector: The country has a dynamic private sector, which has assured greater responsibilities under the new economic environment.

Free Flow of Investment: Exchange control regulations have been liberalized to ensure free flow of international finance. There is now unrestricted movement of investment capital.

Attractive Incentives: A comprehensive package of incentives has been put in place to attract investment.

Fast Growing Financial Sector: There is well-developed banking and financial sector. The investor has easy access to working capital and other credit facilities.

Skilled and Low Cost Labour: There is an abundance of skilled labour at an economic cost, resulting in production costs, which are among the lowest in Africa.

Infrastructure: Rapid development of physical and industrial infrastructure, in terms of transportation, communications, electricity and water supply.

Major export activities for the country Nigeria.

Oil and natural gas are the most important export products for Nigerian trade. The country exports approximately 2.327 million barrels per day, according to the 2007 figures. In terms of total oil exports, Nigeria ranks 8th in the world. As of 2009, Nigeria has approximately 36.2 billion barrel oil reserves. Despite large scale liberalization efforts, this sector is under close check of the government agencies. Nigerian National Oil Corporation (NNOC) is the regulatory body for the oil and natural gas sector.

Prior to oil production, which surged after the 1970s, agricultural production was the largest export sector for Nigeria. After the country became a largely oil-intensive economy, the agriculture sector took a back seat. However, it still provides employment to almost 70% of the total working population.

Major items of export are oil products, cocoa and timber. The UK and the US are the largest trade partners for Nigerian exports.

Major import activities for the country Nigeria

Due to high international oil prices, Nigeria’s import trade is able to balance export revenue. According to the 2009 figures, the country's imports grossed over US$42.1 billion. Machinery, heavy equipment’s, consumer goods and food products are the major imports. A large portion of the imports arrive from the EU, particularly the Netherlands, the UK, France and Germany. China, the US and South Korea are also major import trade partners.

After 2005, Nigeria has fostered trade relations with emerging economies, such as India, China and South Korea. After the US, India is the second largest exporter of Nigerian oil.

PUTERI NUR IZZATI BINTI MOHD SALMI (A14A0932) COUNTRY: GHANA

2017-03-14 05:09:28 UTC

1)Location specific advantage for the Ghana country:
A stable political environment within the West African sub region, with established democratic institutions and systems to ensure good governance of the country.Abundant, adaptable and easily trainable labor force and then a competitive daily minimum wage rate with no restrictions on issuance of work and residence permits to free zone investors and employees. Strategic and central location within West Africa provides access to the ECOWAS market with an estimated population of 250 million people and Duty free access of manufactured exports to USA (AGOA) and European Union markets.

2) Major export import activities in Ghana:
Ghana has the 92nd largest export economy in the world. The top exports of Ghana are Crude Petroleum ($2.66B), Gold ($2.39B), Cocoa Beans ($2.27B), Cocoa Paste ($382M) and Cocoa Butter ($252M). Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($2.18B), Crude Petroleum ($546M), Gold ($428M), Rice ($328M) and Packaged Medicaments ($297M). With top destinations reaching Switzerland($1.73B), China ($1.06B), France ($939M), India ($789M) and the Netherlands ($778M).
The top import origins are China ($4.1B), the Netherlands ($1.58B), the United States($1.1B), Nigeria ($920M) and India ($668M).

Arivalagi a/p Ilanggo (A14A0073)

2017-03-14 05:13:29 UTC

KAZAKHSTAN
1. LOCATION SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE:
-Kazakhstan has an extreme continental climate. It is characterized by irregular distribution of precipitation in its different regions. In separate years spring arrives from south to north over 1.5 - 2 months. When it is spring sowing in the south, the northern area is covered with snow and the blizzards blow frequently.
-The land of Kazakhstan is rich in soils. The greater part of the forest-steppe zone is chernozem, which turns to dark-chestnut, light-chestnut and brown soils in the south. There are gray-soil lands in the deserts and semi-deserts, replaced by the mountain soils there.
-Crossing the territory of Kazakhstan from north to south you will see many different climate zones, with all various areas having their own flora and fauna. The desert of Kazakhstan is an arid area. Rare rainfalls and high temperature in summer and severe and intensely cold weather in winter characterize the climate of the area. Strong winds whip up sand storms. The air is extremely dry and the temperature in summer sharply varies even during a twenty-four hour period.
- Mountains rise from the steppes in the south and southeast of Kazakhstan. Ridges of the Tien Shan mountain system stretch for 2,400km. The main ridges are Barlyk, Dzhungar Ala-Tau, Zailii Ala-Tau, Talas Ala-Tau and Ketmen. The highest point of the mountain system is Peak Khan-Tengri at 6,992m. The South Altai is in the east of Kazakhstan. The whole mountain system of Kazakhstan is rich in mineral springs.
-There are many rivers and vast reservoirs in Kazakhstan. In the west and southwest, the territory of Kazakhstan is washed by the Caspian Sea for a distance of over 2,340km. The Ural River, along with its tributaries, flows to the Caspian Sea. East of the Caspian, in the sands, lays another huge lake. It is the Aral Sea. The main arteries of fresh water flowing into the Aral Sea are the Amudarya and Syrdarya Rivers. There are nearly 7 thousand natural lakes in the country. Among them is Balkhash Lake in the sands of Central Kazakhstan, Zaisan Lake in the east, Alakol Lake in the southeast, and Tengiz Lake in the center of Kazakhstan. The largest rivers of Kazakhstan are the Irtysh, Ishim, Ural, Syrdarya, Ili, Chu, Tobol, and Nura.
- Kazakhstan is famous for its incalculable mineral wealth. Scientists from developed countries consider Kazakhstan to be sixth in the world in terms of abundance of minerals, though this advantage is not being used effectively. The estimated value of the explored areas is 10 trillion US dollars.

2. MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT ACTIVITIES
-Kazakhstan main imports are: electronics, machinery and mechanical appliances (25 percent of total imports), mineral products (15 percent), transport equipment (12 percent), base metals and related products (10 percent), chemicals and related products (8 percent), foodstuffs and beverages (6 percent).
-Kazakhstan has an export-oriented economy, highly dependent on shipments of oil and related products (73 percent of total exports). Other exports include: ferrous metals, copper, aluminum, zinc and uranium. Main export partners are: Italy (18 percent), China (12 percent of total exports), Netherlands (11 percent), Russia (10 percent) and France (6 percent). Others include: Switzerland, Ukraine and Canada.

ZAITON BANU BINTI SAYED JAFFAR

2017-03-14 05:14:58 UTC

A14A1176
GREECE
1. Location specific advantage for the GREECE
-- Located in southern Europe, Greece is made up of the mainland and hundreds of small islands spread throughout the Ioanian, Aegean, and Mediterranean Seas. As a peninsula, the people of Greece took advantage of living by the sea.so they were fishermen, they were traders and they were sailors

- The mountains in Greece did not have fertile soil good for growing crops, like in Mesopotamia, but the mild climate allowed for some farming like grew barley, wheat, olives, and grapes

And They raised sheep too

2) Major export and import activities for greece is

--Greece is the 63rd largest export economy in the world and the 54th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Greece exported $33.2B and imported $60.8B, resulting in a negative trade balance of $27.6B. In 2014 the GDP of Greece was $235B and its GDP per capita was $26.9k.

- The top exports of Greece are Refined Petroleum ($10.5B), Packaged Medicaments ($1.24B), Aluminium Plating ($705M), Non-fillet Fresh Fish ($548M) and Other Processed Vegetables ($458M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification.

- The top imports are Crude Petroleum ($13.3B), Refined Petroleum ($4.24B), Packaged Medicaments ($2.88B), Passenger and Cargo Ships ($2.53B) and Petroleum Gas ($1.19B).

-The top export destinations of Greece are Turkey ($4.16B), Italy ($3.08B), Germany ($2.27B), Bulgaria ($1.67B) and Cyprus ($1.62B). The top import origins are Germany ($6.24B), Russia ($5.66B), Italy ($4.76B), Iraq ($4.75B) and China ($3.39B).

2017-03-14 05:47:32 UTC

ROSSAZWA IZIANTI BINTI RAMLI (A14B0955)\

2017-03-14 06:20:45 UTC

LESOTHO
1. LOCATION SPECIFIC ADVANTAGES OF LESOTHO
The Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP) is a major transnational project consisting of a system of dams and tunnels to store and transfer water from the catchment of the Orange river in the Highlands of Lesotho to the industrial heartland of South Africa, the Gauteng / Johannesburg area; it also comprises a Hydropower Plant at Muela, which is basically a spin-off of the water transfer.
following a Treaty signed in 1986 between Lesotho and South Africa the project is being implemented in several phases by two dedicated institutions: the Lesotho Highlands Development Authority (LHDA) in Lesotho and the Trans Caledon Tunnel Authority (TCTA) in South Africa, both dedicated public sector bodies. All water transfer components are defined by the Treaty as South Africa's responsibility (notably for project costs), whereas Lesotho is in charge of the electricity component.

Being very large, the project is being carried out in Phases: Phase 1A comprised the Katse and the Muela Dams as well as water transfer tunnels; this phase was implemented between 1990 and 1998 and is in full operation. The Muela hydropower plant is not part of this project definition. Phase 1B consists essentially of the Mohale Dam, the Mohale Tunnel and the Matsoku Tunnel and Weir; works started in 1995 and are scheduled to be completed in 2003. Subsequent Phases are planned but have not yet been decided upon and are likely to follow only in a few years' time.

2. MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT ACTIVITIES EXPORT
Lesotho has experienced both trade deficit as well as Balance Of Payment deficit over the years. Major Exports of the country are food, manufactures and live animals. Its exports partners are North America and South African Custom Union. Important Importable commodities in the country are food, vehicle, machines and petroleum products. Its important imports partner is mainly Asian country. Overall Exports and Imports in the country is as follows,
Foreign Trade 2000 2003 2004 Merchandise trade (% of GDP) 119.7 148.0 162.0 Net barter terms of trade (2000 = 100) 100.0 96.6 90.8 Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) 118.0 million 116.0 million 123.5 million Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.8 48.3 47.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 92.4 104.8 104.6.
The conclusion is Lesotho Joined the World Bank in the year 1968. Since then the bank has stepped forward for reducing poverty and maintaining higher economic growth.

TOH CHIN SHIAN (A14A1473)

kent94mail — 2017-03-14 06:32:59 UTC

United States of Emirates
1)Location Specific Advantages

The United Arab Emirates is situated in Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia; it is in a strategic location slightly south of the Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for worldcrude oil.

2) Major Export and Import Activities

UAE has the second largest economy in the GCC (after Saudi Arabia), with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $377 billion (1.38 trillion AED) in 2012.
UAE is dependent on oil revenues. Petroleum and natural gas continue to play a central role in the economy, especially in Abu Dhabi. More than 85% of the UAE's economy was based on the oil exports in 2009.
UAE law does not allow trade unions to exist.

3) Total Export

Exports totaled $314 billion, which makes UAE the second largest exporter in the region.

4) Total Import

Import totaling $273.5 billion in 2012, UAE passed Saudi Arabia as the largest consumer market in the region.

5) Exporting&Importing country

UAE has joined the United Nations and the Arab League and has established diplomatic relations with more than 60 countries, including the United States, South Korea, Japan, Pakistan, Russia, India, Nepal‚China, and most Western European countries.

NUR ATHIRAH IZZWA BINTI ROSLI (A14A0684) -BELIZE-

2017-03-14 06:40:28 UTC

1) LOCATION- SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE
A tropical paradise with so many advantages does not come as cheap as other retirement areas such as certain Latin American or Asian countries. In fact living on a North American or European lifestyle here will cost as much or more. But resident expats here say they live more comfortably than back home. Retirement cheques, stocks and investment income, just appear to go further in Belize.

Services that are significantly more economical. This tropical paradise produces and exports high quality rum made from locally produced molasses and cane sugar. In fact sugar is so cheap it is one of the rare local products smuggled out of the country into the neighboring republics. The other side of the coin is that gasoline, electricity, telephone, mobile phone and Internet access are more expensive. But you can always setup your own satellite dish and enjoy Internet access at near U.S. prices. And new wireless internet access services keep popping up offering reasonable Internet access giving the government owned Belize Telemedia Ltd, a run for its money.

2) Exports and Import Activities

Export Markets

Belize’s main export market is the United States (US). Sugar, citrus and petroleum export largely accounts for to the U.S. Export of goods. The U.S. alone generated $201.21 million in 2015. Belize’s second largest export market is the European Union (EU), particularly in the United Kingdom, which accounted for $162.57 million from exports of mainly sugar and bananas. CARICOM is Belize’s third largest export market which accounts for $63.72 million, with Mexico generating $21.98 million in revenue earnings in 2015.

Belize’s production sectors can be classified into primary and secondary industries. Agriculture is the traditional sector with exports of sugar, citrus and bananas. The petroleum industry and other non-traditional exports such as papayas and marine products have recently added significantly to Belize's export basket. Belize experienced an 12.9% reduction in export revenues of $535.3 million in 2015 compared to $614.4 million in 2014

The following commodities are Belize’s main exported goods:

Sugar
Bananas
Citrus
Clothing
Fish products
Molasses
Wood
Crude oil

The major export partners are:

· US

· UK

· Italy

· Cote dIvoire

· Nigeria

Import Activities

Belize’s imports decreased during the recession. While imports were reported to be worth $788.1 million in 2008, imports for 2009 were recorded at $616 million. The country stood in the 180^th position when compared with other countries in terms of import volumes.

The main imported commodities are:

Machinery and transport equipment
Manufactured goods
Fuels
Chemicals
Pharmaceuticals
Food
Beverages
Tobacco

The import partners are:

US: 38%
Mexico: 13.1%
Cuba: 7.9%
Guatemala: 6.2%
China: 4.3%

SURIA NABILA BT ISMAIL (A14B1079)

2017-03-14 06:40:33 UTC

DJIBOUTI
1. LOCATION SPECIFIC ADVANTAGES OF
Djibouti is reliant on this competitive advantage. Port, logistics and associated services remain the dominant economic activity. The country has limited natural resources, industry or agricultural potential. Nonetheless, it continues to post impressive results. In 2014, the economy achieved a growth rate of nearly 6%, according to estimates from the African Development Bank. While unemployment remains a challenge, this growth figure, coupled with a young and growing population, points to the strong potential of the country.
Occupying an area of around 23,200 sq km, the country ranks 151st in the world, around the size of the US state of New Jersey. It shares borders with Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia and has just over 300 km of coastline along the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. The country’s landscape is varied. Djibouti has an elevation range exceeding 2000 metres, running from Lac Assal, at 155 metres below sea level, to Moussa Ali, at around 2 km above sea level. The interior plateau is separated from the coastal plain by a central mountain range. Parts of the country are susceptible to seismic and volcanic activity. Almost three-quarters of the land is put to agricultural use, although nearly all of this is pasture land.

2. MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT ACTIVITIES EXPORT
Principal exports from the region transiting Djibouti are coffee, salt, hides, dried beans, cereals, other agricultural products, chalk, and wax. Djibouti itself has few exports, and the majority of its imports come from France. Most imports are consumed in Djibouti and the remainder goes to Ethiopia and Somalia.

A14A0629

2017-03-14 06:40:54 UTC

SEYCHELLES

1. LOCATION SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE

Seychelles are one of the world's most beautiful tropical islands destinations. The archipelago consists of 116 islands spread over 1 million km² of the western Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar, with a total land area of 444 km², making the island nation just about the size of Andorra, or 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC.

2. MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT

EXPORT

Seychelles exported $552M, making it the 165th largest exporter in the world. During the last five years the exports of the Seychelles have increased at an annualized rate of 9.7%, from $347M in 2009 to $552M in 2014. The most recent exports are led by Processed Fish which represent 58.6% of the total exports of the Seychelles, followed by Non-fillet Frozen Fish, which account for 23.4%.

IMPORT

Seychelles imported $641M, making it the 179th largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of the Seychelles have decreased at an annualized rate of -3.6%, from $772M in 2009 to $641M in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Non-fillet Frozen Fish which represent 14.4% of the total imports of the Seychelles, followed by Recreational Boats, which account for 2.27%.

Muhammad Syawal Fitri Bin Mohd Yasin (A14A0478

syafit85 — 2017-03-14 06:53:01 UTC

Saint Kitts & Nevis
1. LOCATION SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE

St. Kitts and Nevis are of volcanic origin. In the northwest of St. Kitts is Mt. Liamuiga (also called Mt. Misery), a dormant volcano that is the island's highest peak at 1,156 m (3,792 ft); to the south and west of Mt. Liamuiga are 210-m (700-ft) cliffs that drop straight to the sea. On the southern arm of the island lies the Great Salt Pond. The island of Nevis could be considered to be one large dormant volcano. Nevis's highest elevation is the central peak of Mt. Nevis, at 985 m (3,232 ft); it is usually capped in clouds. There is a black sand beach on the northwest coast.

The islands are located on the Caribbean tectonic plate at the boundary of the North American Plate; the subduction of the Atlantic Plate beneath the Caribbean Plate was responsible for the formation of the islands and continues to cause earthquakes in the surrounding region.

2. MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT

EXPORT

Saint Kitts and Nevis is the 190th largest export economy in the world. In 2014, Saint Kitts and Nevis exported $69.7M and imported $335M, resulting in a negative trade balance of $266M. In 2014 the GDP of Saint Kitts and Nevis was $852M and its GDP per capita was $23.2k.

The top exports of Saint Kitts and Nevis are Passenger and Cargo Ships ($21.2M), Broadcasting Equipment ($15.3M), Low-voltage Protection Equipment ($5.77M), Refined Petroleum ($5.47M) and Other Measuring Instruments ($4.12M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification.

The top export destinations of Saint Kitts and Nevis are the United States ($25.5M), Poland($20.9M), Bolivia ($5.4M), Germany ($4.2M) and Turkey ($3.55M).

IMPORT

In 2014 Saint Kitts and Nevis imported $335M, making it the 187th largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Saint Kitts and Nevis have decreased at an annualized rate of -2.3%, from $377M in 2009 to $335M in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Passenger and Cargo Ships which represent 31.3% of the total imports of Saint Kitts and Nevis, followed by Refined Petroleum, which account for 10.8%.

SABIDATUL MAZLIN BT ABD. AZIZ (A14A0959)

2017-03-14 07:45:57 UTC

URUGUAY

1) Location Specific Advantages

Uruguay is the geographic center of the "Mercosur", a market of over 229 million consumers, with the highest per capita income in the continent and a US$ 704 billion GDP. Mercosur finds its best "gateway" through Uruguay, greately enhanced by the conditions that the regional block has created for the development of trade and business among its four members.
Uruguay has an extensive and varied communications network, together with strongly competitive financial and business support services, that working together create an easy access to the extensive Mercosur market and to other regions and countries in the world.
Together with the former considerations, the economic and political stability of Uruguay, along with its open and cosmopolitan community make this country an ideal launching pad from where business opportunities are launched to the region and to the whole world.

2) MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT
EXPORT
In 2014 Uruguay exported $9.2B, making it the 93rd largest exporter in the world. During the last five years the exports of Uruguay have increased at an annualized rate of 6.7%, from $6.67B in 2009 to $9.2B in 2014. The most recent exports are led by Frozen Bovine Meat which represent 11.2% of the total exports of Uruguay, followed by Soybeans, which account for 9.7%.

IMPORT
In 2014 Uruguay imported $11.6B, making it the 96th largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Uruguay have increased at an annualized rate of 10.8%, from $6.94B in 2009 to $11.6B in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Crude Petroleumwhich represent 11.2% of the total imports of Uruguay, followed by Refined Petroleum, which account for 3.73%.

JUNAIDI BIN MOHAMAD JAFFRE ( A14A0222)

2017-03-14 07:48:49 UTC

UGANDA
1. Location-specific advantage for the country

In Uganda is focused on Uganda's landscape and wildlife. It is a major driver of employment, investment and foreign exchange, contributing 4.9 trillion Ugandan shillings (US$1.88 billion or €1.4 billion as of August 2013) to Uganda's GDP in the financial year 2012-2013.

Tourism can be used to fight poverty in Uganda. There are the tourism companies which employ people directly as drivers, guides, secretaries, accountants etc. These companies sell products to tourist for example art and crafts, traditional attire. Tourism can also be operated online by the online based companies. Tourist attractions in Uganda include national game parks, game reserves, traditional sites, natural tropical forests. Traditional occasions like Mbalu in eastern Uganda, boat riding, waterfalls.

2. Major export and import activities for the country.

Exports

In 2014 Uganda exported $2.34B, making it the 133rd largest exporter in the world. During the last five years the exports of Uganda have increased at an annualized rate of 4.7%, from $1.86B in 2009 to $2.34B in 2014. The most recent exports are led by Coffee which represent 20.2% of the total exports of Uganda, followed by Raw Tobacco, which account for 5.62%

The top export destinations of Uganda are Kenya ($268M), Rwanda ($263M), South Sudan ($249M), the Democratic Republic of the Congo ($180M) and the Netherlands ($150M).

Import

In 2014 Uganda imported $6.03B, making it the 125th largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Uganda have increased at an annualized rate of 7.4%, from $4.22B in 2009 to $6.03B in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Refined Petroleum which represents 21% of the total imports of Uganda, followed by Packaged Medicaments, which account for 5.32%.

The top import origins of Uganda are India ($1.4B), China ($742M), Kenya ($569M), the United Arab Emirates ($384M) and Japan ($336M).

TANG JUNIAN (A14A1106)

2017-03-14 07:53:55 UTC

DENMARK
1. Location Specific Location

Denmark experiences a temperate climate. This means that the winters are mild and windy and the summers are cool. The local terrain is generally flat with a few gently rolling plains. The territory of Denmark includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark, but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Its position gives Denmark complete control of the Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat) linking the Baltic and North Seas. The country's natural resources include petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, chalk, stone, gravel and sand.

2. Major Import and export

Denmark shipped US$94.2 billion worth of goods around the globe in 2016, down by -11.2% since 2012 and down by -0.4% from 2015 to 2016. The top 10 Denmark’s exports are machine (US $12.8 billion), pharmaceuticals ($12.5 billion), electronic equipment ($8.8 billion), mineral fuels including oil ($4 billion), medical, technical equipment ($3.9 billion), meat ($3.6 billion), furniture, lighting, signs ($2.8 billion), fish ($2.6 billion), vehicle ($2.4 billion) and dairy, eggs, honey ($2.4 billion). The main export partners of Denmark are Sweden, the UK, Germany and the United States. Denmark’s exports to Germany mounted to $ 14.1 billion or 15% of its overall exports. Denmark’s exports to Sweden amounted to $10.7 billion or 11.4% of its overall export.

In 2016, Denmark bought US$85.2 billion worth of imported products down by -6.8% since 2012 and down by -0.2% from 2015 to 2016. Denmark’s main import partners are Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany and the UK. Germany's exports to Denmark amounted to $18.2 billion or 21.4% of its overall imports. Sweden’s exports to Denmark amounted to $10.4 billion or 12.3% of its overall imports. The top 10 Denmark’s imports are machinery ($10.9 billion, electronic equipment ($8.5 billion), vehicles ($7.1 billion), mineral fuels including oil ($4.5 billion), pharmaceuticals ($3.8 billion), plastics ($3.8 billion), medical, technical equipment ($2.5 billion), iron or steel products ($2.5 billion), clothing ($2.4 billion) and furniture, lighting, signs ($2.1 billion).

MUHAMAD NUR EDZWAN SHAH BIN NORDIN [A14A0389]

edzwan_shah — 2017-03-14 08:17:15 UTC

TOGO
1. Location Specific Advantages :
- Situated on the west coast of Africa, Togo has an area of 56,785 sq km (21,925 sq mi), extending 510 km (317 mi) n–s and 140 km (87 mi) e–w. Comparatively, the area occupied by Togo is slightly smaller than the state of West Virginia. Togo is bounded on the n by Burkina Faso, on the e by Benin, on the s by the Gulf of Guinea, and on the w by Ghana, with a total boundary length of 1,703 km (1,058 mi), of which 56 km (35 mi) is coastline. Togo's capital city, Lomé, is located on the Gulf of Guinea coast.

Togo is traversed in the center by a chain of hills, the Togo Mountains, extending roughly southwest into Ghana and northeastward into Benin and averaging about 700 m (2,300 ft) in height. The highest elevation is Mt. Agou (986 m/3,235 ft). To the north and west of these hills, the Oti River drains in a southwesterly direction into the Volta River, which constitutes a part of the upper boundary with Ghana.

To the north of the Oti River Valley lies gently undulating savanna country. From the southern spurs of the central hills, a plateau stretches gradually southward to a coastal plain. The coastline consists of a flat sandy beach thickly planted with coconut trees and partially separated from the mainland by lagoons and lakes that are the former estuaries of several rivers.

2. Major Export and Import Activities
- A new fishing quay has been constructed at Lomé, and a joint Libyan-Togolese fishing company has been established. Togo imports fish from Europe and its West African neighbors.

Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate some 40% of export earnings and cotton being the most important cash crop. Although much of Togo once was forested, the country now must import wood. Production of roundwood in 2004 was estimated at 5,914,000 cu m (208,700,000 cu ft), of which 96% was for fuel.

nurul najwathul wahida bt adnan (A14a0885)

idasyahidan95 — 2017-03-14 08:21:19 UTC

San Mariano

1) location specific advantages
-One-tenth the size of New York City, San Marino is surrounded by Italy. It is situated in the Apennines, a little inland from the Adriatic Sea near Rimini.

2) major export and import

-San Marino is the world's 183rd largest exporter and the 188th largest importer. The major imports of San Marino are petroleum gas, footwear, raw aluminium, cars, food. The most important import partners are Germany, the Netherlands, Romania, Poland, and France.

-San Marino exports washing and bottling machines, woodworking machines, Packaged Medicaments, woven cotton, ceramics, furniture. Its main export partners are Romania, Austria, Germany, Brazil, and France.

KHAIRUL NAFITH BIN ISKANDAR ( A14A0233 )

2017-03-14 08:28:38 UTC

VIETNAM
1- Location-specific Advantage
Vietnam's proximity to Southeast Asia's other major and developing markets is one of the key components to attract foreign investors. Vietnam is located at the centre of Southeast Asia; this location provides it a lot of trade benefits. Due to its close proximity to China and most other Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, it is a potentially big trading partner for these countries.

2-
TOTAL EXPORTS $165 BILLION
The top exports of Vietnam are Broadcasting Equipment ($23.8B), Computers ($7.98B), Crude Petroleum ($6.87B), Leather Footwear ($6B) and Integrated Circuits ($4.6B), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Integrated Circuits ($9.6B), Telephones ($8.22B), Refined Petroleum ($7.81B), Light Rubberized Knitted Fabric ($2.96B) and Flat Flat-Rolled Steel ($1.98B).

TOTAL IMPORT $151 BILLION
The most recent imports are led by Integrated Circuits which represent 6.32% of the total imports of Vietnam, followed by Telephones, which account for 5.43%.

EXPORTS COUNTY
The top export destinations of Vietnam are the United States ($29.9B), China ($17.5B), Japan ($15.2B), South Korea ($7.92B) and Germany($7.64B). The top import origins are China ($44.7B), South Korea($21.7B), Japan ($11.9B), Other Asia ($9.4B) and Singapore ($7.98B)

IMPORT COUNTRY
The top import origins of Vietnam are China ($44.7B), South Korea($21.7B), Japan ($11.9B), Other Asia($9.4B) and Singapore ($7.98B).

AMALAHMATHI SUBRAMANIAM(A14A0045)

2017-03-14 08:45:47 UTC

SATHISH SUGUMARAN (A14A0968)

2017-03-14 08:46:03 UTC

1. Location-specific advantage for Belgium ;
Belgium, the part_Flemish, part French just 10 million, leads the world in the production of gourmet chocolate. although the Swiss dominate the overall chocolate industry, Belgium produces some of the finer varieties of the confection consumed worldwide. The path to dominance in this industry has been a lucky mix of history, culinary tradition, access to high quality inputs, and the sheer genius of famous chocolatiers such as Pierre Marcolini, Christian Vanderkerken and Claire Mancq, these are all family names to connoisseurs of gourmet chocolates. The competitive advantage of many of Belgium's leading chocolate purveyors can be understood through an application of Porter's Diamond. There is a factor conditions where the chocolate has become an integral part of Belgian Culture and tradition, akin to wine in France and caviar in Russia.

2. Major export and import activities for the country.

Belgium-Luxembourg is the 13th largest export economy in the world. In 2014, Belgium-Luxembourg exported $379B and imported $449B, resulting in a negative trade balance of $70.9B.

The top exports of Belgium-Luxembourg are Refined Petroleum ($32B), Cars ($23.3B), Packaged Medicaments ($20.9B), Diamonds ($14.2B) and Petroleum Gas ($13.8B), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Refined Petroleum($28B), Cars ($26.9B), Packaged Medicaments ($25.6B), Crude Petroleum($23.2B) and Diamonds ($14.6B).

The top export destinations of Belgium-Luxembourg are Germany ($56.7B), France ($56B), the Netherlands ($51.2B), The United Kingdom($35.3B) and Italy ($20.7B). The top import origins are The Netherlands($86.5B), Germany ($63.1B),France($47.4B), The United States ($34B) and The United Kingdom ($22.1B).

AMALAHMATHI SUBRAMANIAM(A14A0045)

2017-03-14 09:00:57 UTC

SLOVAKIA

Nor Azliza Binti Md Rani (A14A0578)

2017-03-14 09:02:25 UTC

ARUBA

1) location- specific advantage

Aruba is positioned in both the northern and western hemispheres. Located in the southwestern Caribbean, the island is surrounded by the Caribbean Sea that covers 180 square kilometers of land, making it the 222nd largest nation in terms of land area.
Aruba does not share land borders with any countries.
The safety and security of the Free Zone of Aruba is of particular advantage for international trade activities. Some examples of popular international trade activities in the Free Zone are:
- Bulk import and export
- Freight consolidation and distribution
- Retail sales (to tourists)
- Drop shipments (or indent trade)
- E-commerce
- Showcasing

2) Major export and import in Aruba

import
-live animal and other animal products

-Vegetable products

-Fats and oils

-Food products

-Mineral products Chemical products

-Artificial plastic elements

-skins, hides, leather and petry
-Wood, charcoal and woodwork
-Materials for the manufacture of paperwork
-Textile fibers and articles

-Footwear, headgear and umbrellas
-Works of stone, gypsum, cement, asbesto

-Real pearls and other precious stones
-Metals and derivative works
-Machinery and electro technic equipment
-Transport equipment
-Optical instruments, apparatus and equipment
-Arms and ammunition
-Various goods and products n.e.s.
-Art objects and collectors items

Exports

-Live animals and other animal products
-Vegetable products
-Fats and oils
-Food products
-Mineral products
-Chemical products
-Artificial plastic elements
-Skins, hides, leather and peltry
-Wood, charcoal and woodwork
-Materials for manufacture of paperwork
-Textile fibers and articles
-Footwear, headgear and umbrellas
-Works of stone, gypsum, cement, asbestos
-Real pearls (natural) and other precious stones
-Base metals and derivative works
-Machinery and electro technical equipment
-Transport equipment
-Optical instruments, apparatus and equipment
-Arms and ammunition
-Various goods and products n.e.s
-Art objects and collectors

YAP SHIR LEY (A14A1163) SWITZERLAND

shirley1163 — 2017-03-14 09:18:18 UTC

1. Location-specific advantage
Switzerland are never far from other countries and Swiss business is closely linked to markets around the world, be that through exports, branch offices or direct investments. Switzerland is located in the centre of Europe which have well-located strategically; stable and dependable relationship with Europe. It is the point of intersection for many different cultures and also a communication and transportation hub between northern and southern Europe. It has borders with three of the four largest European markets. Switzerland is politically independent and is not a member of the European Union.

In internationalism, Switzerland has also preserved its specific location advantages. Social, political and economic stability are assured. The favourable general environment also makes it possible to maintain high quality standards in other areas. When companies expand, build new production facilities or relocate, employees can often continue living in the same place due to the outstanding Swiss infrastructure and the nationwide reach of the public transport network.

Besides, it has first-class infrastructure such as extensive, well-integrated road, rail and air network to carry out import and export. Reliable energy and water supply and communication services also help to improve the trade activities.

2. Major export and import activity
i. Total Exports (2015) $291,959,193,887

ii. Total Imports (2015) $253,152,460,176

iii. Total export countries

Germany $41,453,744,308

United States $30,805,328,628

Hong Kong $25,344,341,976

India $21,579,894,727

China $20,291,819,821

France $17,643,317,357

Italy $15,585,402,014

United Kingdom $13,691,002,948

Singapore $8,014,535,531

Austria $7,872,745,822

iv. Total import countries

Germany $52,237,007,284
United Kingdom $32,449,544,031
United States $20,313,462,931
Italy $19,583,129,097
France $16,712,484,705
China $12,957,715,674
Austria $7,835,028,588
Ireland $7,335,612,982
Turkey $6,102,771,260
Netherlands $5,199,310,826

AMALAHMATHI SUBRAMANIAM(A14A0045

2017-03-14 09:42:19 UTC

SLOVAKIA
1. Location-specific advantage for the country

The Slovak Republic consists of 8 self-governing regions, their governing being in principle independent from the central government, and 79 districts. The most populated regions are Košice and Prešov, the population density being the highest in Bratislava region (294 people/km2). The quality of road infrastructure (above all availability of highways and motorways), FDI inflow and related salaries and unemployment rate still differs significantly from region to region. In general, western regions (Bratislava and Trnava regions) are more developed than regions of the central (Banská Bystrica region), or eastern Slovakia (Prešov, Košice regions). Due to the more-developed infrastructure, proximity of Trans-European Transport Networks and destination markets, several foreign investors opted for the western part of Slovakia as the destination for their investment. Žilina, Trnava and Bratislava regions have experienced natural creation of automotive clusters around sites of KIA Motors (Žilina), PSA Peugeot (Trnava), or Volkswagen (Bratislava), while Trnava and Nitra regions are known for their electrotechnical clusters formed around Samsung (Galanta and Voderady) and Foxconn Slovakia (Nitra), joined by the site of AU Optronics (Trenčín, Trenčín regions). Košice self-governing region, home of the US Steel Košice, has had a long tradition in steel production, chemical industry occurs in the region of Prešov (Humenné) and Trenčín (Púchov) while wood-processing sites are situated mostly in the central part of the country (Banská Bystrica region).

2. Major export and import activities for the country

EXPORT

Slovakia is the 42nd largest export economy in the world and the 16th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Slovakia exported $78B and imported $78.7B, resulting in a negative trade balance of $660M. Slovakia exported $78B, making it the 42nd largest exporter in the world. During the last five years the exports of Slovakia have increased at an annualized rate of 9%, from $50.8B in 2009 to $78B in 2014. The most recent exports are led by Cars, which represent 17.8% of the total exports of Slovakia, followed by Video Displays, which account for 8.07%. The top export destinations of Slovakia are Germany ($17.4B), the Czech Republic ($8.63B), Poland ($4.81B), Hungary ($4.72B) and France ($4.23B).

IMPORT
While, Slovakia imported $78.7B, making it the 40th largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Slovakia have increased at an annualized rate of 6.4%, from $57.8B in 2009 to $78.7B in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Vehicle Parts, which represent 8.43% of the total imports of Slovakia, followed by Crude Petroleum, which account for 4.57%.The top import origins of Slovakia are Germany ($13.7B), the Czech Republic ($11.8B), China ($6.19B), Russia ($5.99B) and South Korea ($5.57B).

ANUJA A/P R. JAGAJIVAN

2017-03-14 09:44:59 UTC

( A14A007O )
GUINEA
(1) LOCATION-SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE FOR THE COUNTRY
~officially the Republic of Guinea is a country on the West coast of Africa. the modern country is sometimes referred to as Guinea-Conakry in order to distinguish it from other parts of the wider region of the same name, Guinea-Bissau and Equatorial Guinea.Guinea shares its northern border with Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, and Mali, and its southern border with SierraLeone, Libiara and IvoryCoast The nation forms a crescent as it curves from its western border on the AtlanticOcean toward the east and the south. The sources of the Niger River, Gambia River, and Senegal River are all found in the Guinea Highlands. Guinea is roughly the size of the United Kingdom.The capital Conarky with a population of 1,667,864 ranks as a special zone. Guinea has abundant natural resources and also has considerable potential for growth in agricultural and fishing sectors.
(2) MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT ACTIVITY FOR THE COUNTRY
~Guinea is the 124th largest export economy in the world and the 133rd most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Guinea exported $3.07B and imported $3.44B, resulting in a negative trade balance of $369M. In 2014 the GDP of Guinea was $6.62B and its GDP per capita was $1.22k.
~Moreover, The top exports of Guinea are Gold, Crude Petroleum, Aluminium Core ,Postage Stamps and Coconuts, Brazil Nuts and Cashews. Its top imports are Refined Petroleum, Rice,Raw Sugar, Packaged Medicament and Wheat Flours.
~The top export destinations of Guinea are South korea, India, Ghana, United Arab Emirates and Spain. The top import origins are Netherlands, China, India, France and Belgium Luxembourg.

2017-03-14 10:00:18 UTC

2017-03-14 10:00:20 UTC

Noor Azreen Binti Anuar (A14A0533)

2017-03-14 10:04:01 UTC

SIERRA LEONE

1. Location-specific advantage
Sierra Leone is located on the west coast of Africa, between the 7th and 10th parallels north of the equator. Sierra Leone is bordered by Guinea to the north and northeast, Liberia to the south and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.

Sierra Leone has a total area of 71,740 km²(27,699 sq mi), divided into a land area of 71,620 km²(27,653 sq mi) and water of 120 km² (46 sq mi).

Sierra Leone has four distinct geographical regions: coastal Guinean mangroves, the wooded hill country, an upland plateau, and the eastern mountains. Eastern Sierra Leone is an interior region of large plateaus interspersed with high mountains, where Mount Bintumani rises to 1,948 meters (6,391 ft).

2. Major export and import activities

Sierra Leone is the 136th largest export economy in the world and the 82nd most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Sierra Leone exported $2.14B and imported $2.36B, resulting in a negative trade balance of $218M. In 2014 the GDP of Sierra Leone was $4.84B and its GDP per capita was $1.97k.

The top exports of Sierra Leone are Iron Ore ($1.39B), Tin Ores($236M), Diamonds ($175M), Titanium Ore ($76.6M) and Aluminium Ore ($49.5M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($764M), Rice ($112M), Delivery Trucks ($62.2M), Packaged Medicaments ($53.6M) and Cars ($37.3M).

The top export destinations of Sierra Leone are China ($1.65B), Belgium-Luxembourg ($186M), Romania ($49.5M), the Netherlands ($26.9M) and the United States ($26.9M). The top import origins are Benin ($701M), China ($189M), Belgium-Luxembourg ($178M), the United Arab Emirates ($160M) and the United Kingdom ($131M).

Sierra Leone borders Guinea and Liberia.

MUHAMMAD AFFIQ BIN ABDU RAZI (A14A0395)

2017-03-14 10:21:36 UTC

WALES
1.Location-specific advantage
As the capital city of Wales, Cardiff is the main engine of growth in the Welsh economy and the significant service centre and economic driver for the wider south Wales economy. The city and the adjoining Vale of Glamorgan contribute a disproportionately high share of economic output in Wales. Cardiff is a centre for white-collar professions. The city relies principally on the retail, finance, media and tourism sectors and has been undergoing major regeneration since the late 20th century, particularly in Cardiff City city centre and Cardiff Bay.

2.Major export and import activities
WALES was the only constituent nation of the UK to see exports rise in the first quarter of this year, new figures have revealed.

Regional trade statistics for the first quarter of the year, released today by HM Revenue & Customs, show that exports from Wales stood at £3,312m in the first quarter of 2012, marginally up from the £3,298m of exports in the fourth quarter of the year. Exports for England, Scotland and Northern Ireland all contracted on the previous quarter.

Over the past four quarters exports from Wales were up 5%, while exports for the UK as a whole rose by 8.5% in the same period.

Wales exported £13.3bn of goods in the full year period, compared to £17.5bn of Scottish exports, £5.7bn from Northern Ireland and £213.3bn from England.

However, along with Scotland and the North East, Wales was only one of three regions which saw exports outweigh imports in the 12 month period.

On the import side, the value of imports into Wales during the 12 month period was 17% up on the previous four quarters.

The nation sending the most goods to Wales during the year to March was Canada, with more than £1bn of goods shipped into Wales during the period.

Imports from Canada were 12.9% up on the previous 12 month period. Given that the rise was driven by metal ores and scrap metal Canada’s position appears to be accounted for by the raw materials required for steelmaking at Tata’s Margam works. Significantly imports from Brazil fell during the year – again as a result of metal ore, meaning it slipped from being Wales’ fourth to fifth biggest source of imports.

NURUL AJEERAH BINTI ISMAIL(A14A0844)

2017-03-14 10:25:33 UTC

ICELAND
Iceland, the westernmost country of EUROPE, is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean. Reykjavík is the capital and largest city of Iceland. It has a latitude of 64°08' N, making it the world's northernmost capital of a sovereign state, and is a popular tourist destination. It is located in southwestern Iceland, on the southern shore of Faxa Bay., It is the heart of Iceland'scultural economic and governmental activity.

Exports

The top exports of Iceland are:

-Raw aluminium ($1.87B),

-Fish fillets ($976M),

-Non fillet frozen-fish ($449M),

-Processed fish ($324M)

-Aluminium ($247M),

-Refined Petroleum ($815M)

The top export destinations of Iceland are :

-Netherlands($1.52B),

-Germany ($603M),

-United Kingdom($593MB)

Imports

-largest imported in 2014 with $5.6B in the world

-the most recent imports are by Refined Petroleum(14.7),followed by Aluminium Oxide (8.42)

2017-03-14 10:27:02 UTC

NOR AFIDA AFIFI BT ZAINOL

2017-03-14 12:14:58 UTC

A14A0554
COUNTRY BURUNDI

1- location specific advantage
One of the smallest countries in Africa, Burundi has an equatorial climate. Burundi is a part of the Albertine Rift, the western extension of the East African Rift. The country lies on a rolling plateau in the centre of Africa. The highest peak, Mount Heha at 2,685 m (8,810 ft), lies to the southeast of the capital, Bujumbura. The source of the Nile River is in Bururi province, and is linked from Lake Victoria to its headwaters via the Ruvyironza River .Another major lake is Lake Tanganyika, located in much of Burundi's southwestern corner. There are two national parks, Kibira National Park to the northwest (a small region of rain forest, adjacent to Nyungwe Forest National Park in Rwanda), Ruvubu National Park to the northeast (along the Rurubu River, also known as Ruvubu or Ruvuvu). Both were established in 1982 to conserve wildlife populations. Burundi's lands are mostly agricultural or pasture. Settlement by rural populations has led to deforestation, soil erosion and habitat loss. Deforestation of the entire country is almost completely due to overpopulation, with a mere 600 km2 (230 sq mi) remaining and an ongoing loss of about 9% per annum. In addition to poverty, Burundians often have to deal with corruption, weak infrastructure, poor access to health and education services, and hunger. Burundi is densely populated and has had substantial emigration as young people seek opportunities elsewhere. The World Happiness Report 2016 ranked Burundi as the world's least happy nation.

2- major export and import activities
EXPORT

Burundi's largest industry is agriculture, which accounted for just over 30% of the GDP.[15] Subsistence agriculture accounts for 90% of agriculture. The nation's largest source of revenue is coffee, which makes up 93% of Burundi's exports. Other agricultural products include cotton, tea, maize, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, and hides. Foreign Policy reports, Subsistence farming is highly relied upon, however due to large population growth and no coherent policies governing land ownership, many people don't have the resources to sustain themselves. In 2014, the average farm size was about one acre. Burundi has the severest hunger and malnourishment rates of all 120 countries ranked in the Global Hunger Index. Some of Burundi's natural resources include uranium, nickel, cobalt, copper, and platinum. Besides agriculture, other industries include: assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing, and light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, and soap.

The country has experienced a problem of trade deficit over the years. Major exportable items in the country are sugar, cotton, tea and coffee. It exports partners are Germany, Switzerland, US and Belgium.

IMPORT

Important importable products of the country are foodstuff, petroleum products and capital goods. Burundi's imports partners are Tanzania, Kenya, US, France, Italy and Japan.

NUR ATIQAH BT DISMAN

2017-03-14 12:16:13 UTC

(A14A0690)
COUNTRY : BOTSWANA
1. Location-specific advantage

The area of South Africa is 1,219,912 sq km (471,011 sq mi). Comparatively, the area occupied by South Africa is slightly less than twice the size of the state of Texas.
Considered as a whole, South Africa extends 1,821 km (1,132 mi) and 1,066 km (662 mi) . It is bounded on the n by Botswana and Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia), on the ne by Mozambique and Swaziland, on the e by the Indian Ocean, on the s by the confluence of the Indian and Atlantic oceans, on the w by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the nw by Namibia.
South Africa also controls two small islands, Prince Edward and Marion, which lie some 1,920 km (1,200 mi) southeast of Cape Town. South Africa's capital city, Pretoria, is located in the northeastern part of the country.

2. Major Export

Botswana is a net exporter of goods and services. Net exports accounted for 18% of GDP in 2005.
The main exports are diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, beef and textiles. Botswana is the world’s largest producer of quality gem diamonds which account for about 70% of exports by value. Botswana is a major exporter of beef, mainly to the EU.
Botswana Export Development and Investment Authority supports the development of export business.

3. Major Import

The average ad valorem tariff for imported goods is 7.8% (2007).
The country imports foodstuffs, machinery, consumer goods, transport equipment, petroleum products, wood and paper products, and metal and metal products.
Botswana imports fuel, food, beverages and tobacco, machinery and electric equipment, chemical and rubber products and vehicles. Its main imports partners are South Africa (75% of total imports), China, Israel, Namibia and Zimbabwe.

LAI CHEW SIAN (A14A0251)

2017-03-14 12:29:28 UTC

EAST TIMOR
1. Location-specific advantage for the country

The main land area of East Timor lies on the eastern half of Timor, an island roughly the size of the Netherlands (32,000 sq km/12,355 sq mi) that forms an arc between Asia and Australia and is situated within the Nusatengarra Archipelago. Opposite the well-traveled island of Bali, East Timor is surrounded by the Indian Ocean at the south at the Pacific Ocean at the north. Its size rivals New Jersey or Israel, and its 15,007-km (9,325-mi) territory extends beyond its mainland to include the enclave of OcussiAmbeno in West Timor, and the islands of Atauro in the n and Jaco in the e. Dili, a small port city on the northern coast, is the capital.

2. Major export and import activities for the country
Export:
Timor-Leste is the 184th largest export economy in the world and the 101st most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Timor-Leste exported $119M and imported $627M, resulting in a negative trade balance of $508M. In 2014 the GDP of Timor-Leste was $1.42B and its GDP per capita was $2.23k.

The top exports of Timor-Leste are Crude Petroleum ($48.9M), Petroleum Gas ($47.7M), Coffee ($17.8M), Railway Cargo Containers ($1.06M) and Telephones ($779k), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($98.9M), Rice ($60.8M), Raw Sugar ($40.2M), Cars ($21.7M) and Used Clothing ($18.9M).

The top export destinations of Timor-Leste are South Korea ($80.9M), Japan ($17.5M), Germany ($8.99M), Australia ($2.65M) and Canada ($2.53M). The top import origins are Indonesia ($226M), Singapore ($95.4M), Thailand ($66M), Malaysia ($62.2M) and China ($60M).

Timor-Leste borders Indonesia by land and Australia by sea.

Import:
In 2014 Timor-Leste imported $627M, making it the 180th largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Timor-Leste have increased at an annualized rate of 11.9%, from $357M in 2009 to $627M in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Refined Petroleum which represent 15.7% of the total imports of Timor-Leste, followed by Rice, which account for 9.7%.

LAU SHU HUI (A14A0256)

shuhui_love — 2017-03-14 12:30:56 UTC

Senegal
1. Location-specific advantage
Senegal is one of the most stable countries in Africa, and has considerably strengthened its democratic institutions since its independence from France in 1960. Senegal is located in the western most part of Africa’s Sahel region and has a national territory that spans 196,722 km². Senegal’s population is estimated at 15.3 million as of 2016. According to the latest population census conducted in 2013, 23% of the population lives in the greater Dakar region (0.3% of the territory), and 40% lives in other urban zones.
2. Major export and import activities

Senegal is the 127th largest export economy in the world and the 85th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Senegal exported $2.91B and imported $7.53B, resulting in a negative trade balance of $4.62B. In 2014 the GDP of Senegal was $15.7B and its GDP per capita was $2.33k.

The top exports of Senegal are Gold ($361M), Non-fillet Frozen Fish($245M), Refined Petroleum ($235M), Cement ($179M) and Phosphoric Acid ($149M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($1.3B), Crude Petroleum ($522M), Rice ($413M), Packaged Medicaments ($189M) and Wheat ($183M).

The top export destinations of Senegal are Mali ($471M), Switzerland($288M), the United Arab Emirates ($164M), India ($158M) and France($132M). The top import origins are France ($1.07B), China ($703M), the Netherlands ($614M), Nigeria ($526M) and India ($417M).

Senegal borders Guinea, the Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali and Mauritania by land and Cape Verde by sea.

SARRIKA KAUR ELAMARAN

2017-03-14 12:39:53 UTC

(A14A1428)

COUNTRY: CALIFORNIA
1) LOCATION-SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE

Silicon Valley is a nickname for the southern portion of the San Francisco Bay Area, in the northern part of the U.S. state of California. The "valley" in its name refers to the Santa Clara Valley in Santa Clara County, which includes the city of San Jose and surrounding cities and towns, where the region has been traditionally centered. The region has expanded to include the southern half of the San Francisco Peninsula in San Mateo County, and southern portions of the East Bay in Alameda County.

The word "silicon" originally referred to the large number of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers in the region, but the area is now the home to many of the world's largest high-tech corporations, including the headquarters of 39 businesses in the Fortune 1000, and thousands of startup companies. Silicon Valley also accounts for one-third of all of the venture capital investment in the United States, which has helped it to become a leading hub and startup ecosystem for high-tech innovation and scientific development. It was in the Valley that the silicon-based integrated circuit, the microprocessor, and the microcomputer, among other key technologies, were developed. As of 2013, the region employed about a quarter of a million information technology workers.^[1]

As more high-tech companies were established across the Santa Clara Valley, and then north towards the Bay Area's two other major cities, San Francisco and Oakland, the "Silicon Valley" name eventually came to refer to all high-tech businesses in the region. The term is now generally used as a synecdoche for the American high-technology economic sector. The name also became a global synonym for leading high-tech research and enterprises, and thus inspired similar named locations, as well as research parks and technology centers with a comparable structure all around the world.

Agriculture is one of the prominent elements of the state's economy: California leads the nation in the production of fruits, vegetables, wines and nuts. The state's most valuable crops are cannabis, nuts, grapes, cotton, flowers, and oranges. California produces the major share of U.S. domestic wine. Dairy products contribute the single largest share of farm income. California's farms are highly productive as a result of good soil, a long growing season, the use of modern agricultural methods and extensive irrigation.

2)Major export and import activities for the country
Export
California is a top exporter in the nation of computers, electronic products, and sales of food and kindred products. Computers and electronic products are California’s top export, accounting for 26.1 percent of all the state’s exports.

According to a study conducted by Tech America in February 2014, California is the second largest tech exporting state after Texas.

Other top categories included transportation equipment, machinery, except electrical, and misc. manufactured commodities.
Agricultural products, including food products and crops, are the next largest export sector
Import

DARUSHEENI A/P GUNASANGARAM (A14A0131)

2017-03-14 12:53:13 UTC

COUNTRY : ARMENIA

1. LOCATION-SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE
Armenia is a landlocked country in the geopolitical Transcaucasus (South Caucasus) region, that is located in the Southern Caucasus Mountains and their lowlands between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea, and northeast of the Armenia Highlands. Armenia is bordered on the north by Georgia the east by Azerbaijan ; the south by Iran; and the southwest and west by Turkey. Armenia lies between latitudes 38° and 42° N, and meridians 43° and 47° E.

2. MAJOR EXPORT

Armenia is the 141st largest export economy in the world and the 64th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Armenia exported $1.62B and imported $4.28B, resulting in a negative trade balance of $2.65B. In 2014, the GDP of Armenia was $11.6B and its GDP per capita was $8.07k. The top exports Armenia are Copper Ore ($303M), Hard Liquor ($160M), Gold ($160M), Ferroalloys ($132M) and Rolled Tobacco ($115M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification.

3. MAJOR IMPORT

Its top imports are Petroleum Gas ($423M), Refined Petroleum ($294M), Cars ($195M), Gold ($143M) and Diamonds ($143M). In 2014, Armenia imported $4.28B, making it the 138th largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Armenia have increased at an annualized rate of 5.6%, from $3.25B in 2009 to $4.28B in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Petroleum Gas which represent 9.9% of the total imports of Armenia, followed by Refined Petroleum, which account for 6.88%.

NOR FAZZERA BT MOHD KAMAL (A14A1340)

2017-03-14 14:08:02 UTC

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
1. LOCATION SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE
The Dominican Republic has the largest economy in the Caribbean and central American region. It has a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of USD61.3 billion. It’s a developing country primarily dependent on agriculture, trade, tourism and services.

The country’s strategic geographic position, ports and airports allow easy access to the United States, Latin America and the Caribbean.

2. MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT ACTIVITIES
EXPORT :
The top exports of the Dominican Republic are Gold ($1.68B), Medical Instruments ($1.21B), Rolled Tobacco ($569M), Low-voltage Protection Equipment ($499M) and Bananas ($429M)
The top export destinations of the Dominican Republic are the United States ($4.5B), Canada ($1.46B), Haiti ($1.42B), Switzerland ($298M) and China ($263M).

IMPORT :
Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($2.03B), Petroleum Gas ($870M), Crude Petroleum ($856M), Cars ($575M) and Semi-Finished Iron ($281M). The top import origins are the United States ($6.91B), China ($1.9B), Mexico ($1B), Venezuela ($859M) and Trinidad and Tobago($774M).

MUHAMAD HANAFI BIN AZIZUL

2017-03-14 15:13:36 UTC

(A14A1292)
CAMEROON
1) Location-Specific Advantage
Located in the continent of Africa, Cameroon covers 472,710 square kilometers of land and 2,730 square kilometers of water, making it the 54th largest nation in the world with a total area of 475,440 square kilometers. Among the neighboring countries of Cameroon is Gabon, Nigeria, Congo, African Republic. One of the location advantage of Cameroon is it located near the strait at Africa which be a world trade routes.

2) Major export and import activities for the country.

Export

Cameroon is the famous export country of crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminium, coffee, and cotton. Among the country involved in the export is China, India, Spain, Belgium, France, Portugal and Netherlands. In 2015, the net export profit reach at $5.283 billion.

Import

Cameroon has imported machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food. Among the country involved in imported activities with Cameroon is China, Nigeria, France and Belgium. the net value of import is about $6.159 billion.

MUHAMMAD HAFIZ MAULAD MOHD ZAIDI (A14A0431)

2017-03-14 15:20:06 UTC

COUNTRY: PUERTO RICO

1. LOCATION-SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE
The island of Puerto Rico is a very popular tourist destination because of its location, rich history and warm atmosphere. The island is located in the Caribbean, between the Caribbean Se and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Dominican Republic, about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southeast of Miami, Florida.

Puerto Rico is almost rectangular in shape, approximately 100 miles long by 35 miles wide and is the smallest and the most eastern island of the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica and Puerto Rico). It consists of the main island of Puerto Rico and several smalller islands and keys, including Vieques, Culebra, Culebrita, Palomino (known by some by the Spanish Virgin Islands), Mona, and Monito. Its coasts measures approximately 580 km, and if the adjacent islands Vieques and Culebra are included the coast measures approximately 700 km. With an area of 3,425 square miles (9,104 sq km), Puerto Rico is the third largest island in the United States and the 82nd largest island in the world. Puerto Rico is close to the deepest submarine depression in the North Atlantic Ocean. The Puerto Rico Trench, roughly parallel to the northern coast of the island of Puerto Rico and lying about 75 miles (120 km) to the north. The Puerto Rico Trench is about 1,090 miles (1,750 km) long and 60 miles (100 km) wide. The deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean, the Milwaukee Depth, lies within the Puerto Rico Trench, at a depth of 27,493 feet (8,380 meters) in the western end of the trench, about 100 miles (160 km) northwest of Puerto Rico. The origin of the trench can be traced back to the beginning of the Tertiary period. The Puerto Rico Trench appears to be part of a complex system of sinistral strike-slip faults in the north Caribbean; the trench seems to have been opened continuously for about 70 million years. It is partially filled with sediments. The Caribbean's greatest known depth is Cayman Trench (Bartlett Deep) between Cuba and Jamaica, at approximately 25,216 feet (7,686 meters) below sea level.

2. MAJOR EXPORTS AND IMPORTS

The major items exported by Puerto Rico are chemicals, electronics, apparel, canned tuna, rum, beverage concentrates and medical equipment. Most of its imports are to the US, with small proportions going to the Netherlands, Dominican Republic and the UK. Chemicals, machinery and equipment, clothing, food, fish and petroleum products are the major items constituting Puerto Rico’s imports.
Ireland and Japan are the other import partners of Puerto Rico and accounted for nearly 23% and 6% of the island nations exports, respectively, in 2006. The value of country’s exports stood at $46.9 billion f.o.b. according to the 2001 figures. The value of country’s imports stood at $29.1 billion c.i.f. according to the 2001 figures. Puerto Rico’s trade with foreign countries is included in the US trade data, along with the figures for the 50 states, the District of Columbia and the Virgin Islands.
However, the figures for export and import between the US and Puerto Rico are mentioned as supplementary information. Most of the industrial units in Puerto Rico import raw materials from the US, process it in the island nation and export the finished product back to the US. Tourist inflows remain an import source of foreign exchange for Puerto Rico.

NOOR FARHANA BINTI SALEH(A14A0535)

farhanasaleh95 — 2017-03-14 15:25:14 UTC

ESTONIA

1. Location-specific advantage for the country

-The geopolitical location of Estonia, its compactness, logistical abilities, and thousands of years of experience in communicating towards the northern, the western and the eastern direction give us a unique position.

-We belong to the North and form a part of one of the most valuable regions of Europe, the core of which is Scandinavia. This is also expressed in our sense of aesthetics, our appearance and temper.

-Common logic would say that we don’t have an attractive sales market. The practice, however, has proven that Estonia has a considerable development and production platform for International knowledge-based companies (such as Skype, Ericsson, ABB, etc).

-As a border state of the European Union, we also have a highly developed logistic infrastructure that successfully enables to move goods, knowledge and people on the eastern-western direction.

2. Major export and import activities for the country.

EXPORT

The top exports of Estonia are Telephones ($2.32B), Crude Petroleum ($958M), Refined Petroleum ($891M), Cars ($416M) and Prefabricated Buildings ($291M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($2.93B), Telephones ($997M), Cars ($894M), Integrated Circuits ($457M) and Packaged Medicaments ($312M).

The top export destinations of Estonia are Sweden ($2.67B), Russia ($2.62B), Finland ($1.91B), Latvia ($1.17B) and Spain ($1.04B). The top import origins are Russia ($2.91B), Germany ($2B), Finland ($1.92B), China ($1.51B) and Sweden ($1.16B).

Estonia borders Latvia and Russia by land and Finland and Sweden by sea.

IMPORT

Same as in the exports case, the Estonian imports include food products, engineering and machinery products, mineral and agricultural products; as for services the transportation and travel ones are the main imported services.

The top imported products are: refined petroleum (17%), telephones (5.1%), cars (3.5%), integrated circuits (1.6%) and packaged medicaments (1.5%).

The main importing partners for Estonia are: Finland (13% of the total), Latvia and Sweden (11% from each). Imports in Estonia increased to 1175 EUR Million in March of 2014 from 1032 EUR Million in February of 2014.

NUR FAIZAH BINTI MOHD KASSIM(A14A0708)

2017-03-14 15:37:45 UTC

COUNTRY : ROMANIA
1) location-specific advantage
With a potential market of 21 million consumers, Romania is one of the most dynamic economies in Central and Eastern Europe. Member of the European Union since 2007, Romania is strategically located at the intersection of several corridors of the region and provides access to the European market channel. The Romanian economic environment offers to international companies the opportunity to establish here a European platform to enter new markets, internationalize its production and develop new partnerships in fields as procurement or outsourcing.

2) major export and import activities

export :
-The top exports of Romania are vehicle parts($4.73B), insulated wire($3.94B), cars($3.78B), refined petroleum($3.36B) and wheat($1.96B), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification.

-The top export destinations of Romania are germany($13.1B), italy($7.93B), france($4.32B), turkey ($3.47B) and hungary ($2.96B).

-In 2014 Romania exported $71.4B, making it the 46th largest exporter in the world. During the last five years the exports of Romania have increased at an annualized rate of 12.8%, from $39.1B in 2009 to $71.4B in 2014. The most recent exports are led by vehicle parts which represent 6.63% of the total exports of Romania, followed by insulated wire, which account for 5.52%.

import :
-Its top imports are crude petroleum($4.41B), vehicle parts ($3.02B), packaged medicaments ($2.86B), insulated wire($1.57B) and cars($1.52B).

-The top import origins are germany ($14.1B), italy($7.98B), hungary ($5.75B), france ($4.3B) and poland ($3.41B).

-In 2014 Romania imported $75.6B, making it the 41st largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Romania have increased at an annualized rate of 7.7%, from $52.2B in 2009 to $75.6B in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Crude Petroleum which represent 5.83% of the total imports of Romania, followed by Vehicle Parts, which account for 3.99%.

Nurul hafifah bt Jamaludin (A14A0868)

hafifahjamaludin — 2017-03-14 16:59:17 UTC

COUTRY : EL SALVADOR
1) Location - specific advantage :
- Located in the continent of Central America, El Salvador covers 20,721 square kilometers of land and 320 square kilometers of water, making it the 154th largest nation in the world with a total area of 21,041 square kilometers.

El Salvador became an independent state in 1840, after gaining its sovereignty from Spain. The population of El Salvador is 6,090,646 (2012) and the nation has a density of 294 people per square kilometer.
2)Major export and import activities
- export
El Salvador was the United States' 51st largest goods export market in 2015. U.S. goods exports to El Salvador in 2015 were $3.3 billion, down 1.4% ($46 million) from 2014 but up 76% from 2005. U.S. exports to El Salvador are up 75.7% from 2005 (pre-FTA). The top export categories (2-digit HS) in 2015 were: mineral fuels ($568 million), special other (articles donated for relief, low value estimates) ($291 million), aircraft ($249 million), machinery ($245 million), and electrical machinery ($205 million). U.S. exports of agricultural products to El Salvador totaled $500 million in 2015, our 38th largest agricultural export market. Leading categories include: corn ($97 million), soybean meal ($73 million), wheat ($57 million), prepared food ($37 million), and cotton ($33 million).
-import
El Salvador was the United States' 61st largest supplier of goods imports in 2015. U.S. goods imports from El Salvador totaled $2.5 billion in 2015, up 6.0% ($145 million) from 2014, and up 28% from 2005. U.S. imports from El Salvador are up 27.7% from 2005 (pre-FTA). U.S. imports from El Salvador are up 27.7% from 2005 (pre-FTA). The top import categories (2-digit HS) in 2015 were: knit apparel ($1.7 billion), woven apparel ($264 million), special other (returns) ($106 million), sugar ($90 million), and coffee, tea & spice (coffee) ($76 million). U.S. imports of agricultural products from El Salvador totaled $250 million in 2015. Leading categories include: coffee, unroasted ($75 million), raw beet & cane sugar ($57 million), sugars, sweeteners, bev bases ($33 million), snack foods ($19 million), and nursery products ($12 million).

SITI MASITAH BT SAARI(A14A1013)

2017-03-14 17:18:24 UTC

Country:Lithuania

1) Location-specific advantage
-The country boasts a well-developed modern infrastructure of railways, airports and four-lane highways.
-Vilnius International Airport is the largest airport. It served 3.8 million passengers in 2016. Other international airports include Kaunas International Airport, Palanga International Airport and Šiauliai International Airport.

2) Major eksport and import
-Lithuania major export is mineral products, machinery and equipment,and foodstuffs.
-Lithuania import mineral products, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, chemicals, textiles and clothing, metals.

GANAPATHY A/L MUNUSAMY

2017-03-14 17:30:54 UTC

A14A0183

COUNTRY: CROATIA
1) LOCATION ADVANTAGE:
The geography of Croatia is defined by its location— it is described as a part of Central and Southeast Europe, a part of the Balkans and Mitteleuropa. Croatia's territory covers 56,594 km² (21,851 sq mi), making it the 127th largest country in the world. Bordered by Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia in the east, Slovenia in the west, Hungary in the north and Montenegro and the Adriatic Sea in the south, it lies mostly between latitudes 42° and 47° N and longitudes 13° and 20° E. Croatia's territorial waters encompass 18,981 square kilometres (7,329 sq mi) in a 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) wide zone, and its internal waters located within the baseline cover an additional 12,498 square kilometres (4,826 sq mi).

The Pannonian Basin and the Dinaric Alps, along with the Adriatic Basin, represent major geomorphological parts of Croatia. Lowlands make up the bulk of Croatia, with elevations of less than 200 metres (660 ft) above sea level recorded in 53.42% of the country. Most of the lowlands are found in the northern regions, especially in Slavonia, itself a part of the Pannonian Basin plain. The plains are interspersed with horst and graben structures, believed to have broken the Pliocene Pannonian Sea's surface as islands. The greatest concentration of ground at relatively high elevations is found in the Lika and Gorski Kotar areas in the Dinaric Alps, but high areas are found in all regions of Croatia to some extent. The Dinaric Alps contain the highest mountain in Croatia—1,831-metre (6,007 ft) Dinara—as well as all other mountains in Croatia higher than 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). Croatia's Adriatic Sea mainland coast is 1,777.3 kilometres (1,104.4 mi) long, while its 1,246 islands and islets encompass a further 4,058 kilometres (2,522 mi) of coastline—the most indented coastline in the Mediterranean. Karst topography makes up about half of Croatia and is especially prominent in the Dinaric Alps, as well as throughout the coastal areas and the islands.

2) MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT ACTIVITIES:
EXPORTS: transport equipment, machinery, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels
IMPORTS: oil, machinery, vehicles, electronic equipment, plastics, paper, iron and steel, pharmaceuticals, knit or crochet clothing.

NURFATIN AZMA BINTI AKIM (A14A0809)

2017-03-14 23:34:47 UTC

COUNTRY: VATICAN CITY

1) LOCATION-SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE
Located within Rome, Vatican City is the smallest state in Europe and in the world. It is a roughly triangular area of 0.44 sq km(0.17 sq mi) lying near the west bank of the Tiber River and to the west of the Castel Sant'Angelo. On the W and S it is bounded by the Leonine Wall. The Vatican area comprises the following: St. Peter's Square, enclosed by Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini's quadruple colonnade; St. Peter's Basilica, the largest Christian church in the world, to which the square serves as an entrance; a quadrangular area north of the square in which there are administrative buildings and Belvedere Park; the pontifical palaces, or the Vatican proper, lying west of Belvedere Park; and the Vatican Gardens, which occupy about half the acreage. The gardens are famous for their fine collection of orchids and other exotic flora. Vatican City, being entirely urban, does not have a distinctive fauna.

Outside Vatican City itself, extraterritoriality is exercised over a number of churches and palaces in Rome, notably the Lateran Basilica and Palace in the Piazza San Giovanni, the Palace of San Callisto at the foot of the Janiculum hill, and the basilicas of Santa Maria Maggiore and San Paolo fuori le Mura. Extraterritoriality outside the city of Rome extends to the papal villa and its environs (almost 40 hectares/100 acres) at Castel Gandolfo, 24 km (15 mi) SE of Rome, and to the area (about 420 hectares/1,040 acres) at Santa Maria di Galeria, some 19 km (12 mi) N of Rome, where a Vatican radio station was established in 1957.

2) MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT ACTIVITIES FOR THE COUNTRY
The Vatican, being essentially an administrative center, is dependent for its support on the receipt of charitable contributions, the fees charged those able to pay for the services of the congregations and other ecclesiastical bodies, and interest on investments. Funds are also raised from the sale of stamps, religious literature, and mementos and from museum admissions. Vatican City's economy is not commercial in the usual sense.

The Vatican is basically a noncommercial economy, with no major imports or exports. Primary domestic industries include printing, mosaics, and staff uniforms. Products for retail sale are primarily postage stamps, tourist souvenirs, and publications.

NOOR ASIKIN BINTI ABDUL RASHID (A14A1331)

2017-03-14 23:48:34 UTC

Country : Andorra

1) LOCATION ADVANTAGE

Andorra is a country full of advantages for avid investors who are looking for new opportunity.

Economic, financial and tax advantages, along with a quality of life that is hailed as being among the very best in the world, make this country in the Pyrenees one of the most highly valued destinations for investment.

1. Taxation

With highly competitive tax rates, Andorra's current tax framework is comparable to that of any country in the European Union. At present, the VAT rate (known as the IGI) in Andorra is 4.5%; the personal income tax rate ranges between 0.5% and 10% (at the very most); and the corporate income tax rate is 10%, with reductions of up to 80% for strategic investments. In addition to this, the country has recently signed treaties to protect citizens and residents from being taxed on the same item in two different countries.

2. Financial System

Andorra has an effective financial system that is internationally acclaimed for its security. Made up of five finance companies, the solvency of the system resides in a firm commitment to capitalisation.

3. Labour market

The strategic location of Andorra, with its noteworthy ebb and flow of different nationalities (French, Spanish, Portuguese, and British) and its foundations as an economy associated with the tourism world, have led the country's legislation to adapt to the needs of the business world.

3. A country that knows how to seduce investors
- Through the years, Andorra has become a highly alluring platform for foreign companies that seek new countries /cities in which to invest and set up their headquarters. Andorra has a public administration that offers support to entrepreneurs and new investors, enabling them to develop their business activities effectively, safely and swiftly.

4. Integration in the Region

- For many decades, Andorra was somewhat dismissed as an isolated country that was closed to the region and to the continent. Today, it is a dynamic economy with infrastructures in transport and telecommunications that connect it with Europe's major cities.

2. MAJOR IMPORT AND EXPORT

(EXPORT)
- Andorra is the 170th largest export economy in the world. In 2014, Andorra exported $395M and imported $1.67B, resulting in a negative trade balance of $1.27B.

The top exports of Andorra are :
1. Refined Petroleum ($279M),
2. Cars($12.3M), 3. Integrated Circuits ($12.2M), 4. Orthopedic
5. Appliances ($11M)
6. Crude Petroleum($9.1M),
( TOP IMPORT )
using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are
1. Refined Petroleum($133M),
2. Iron Ore ($124M),
3. Cara ($103M), 4. Hard Liquor ($44.1M)
5. Perfumes($40.7M).

The top export destinations of Andorra are
1. Tanzania ($269M),
2. Spain($51.7M), 3.Indonesia($17.3M),
4. France($14.9M) 5. Norway ($4.97M).

(IMPORT)

The top import origins are
1. Spain ($944M), 2. France ($226M),
3. Mauritania ($125M),
4. China ($65.3M) and
5. Germany($61.9M).

NORAINI BINTI ABDUL RAHMAN (A14A0610

2017-03-15 00:49:21 UTC

COUNTRY :PERU

1)LOCATION ADVANTAGE

Peru is located in the west of South America, and has borders with Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia and Chile. It has sovereignty over 1,285,215 km2 of land and 200 nautical miles of the Pacific Ocean, as well as 60 million hectares of the Antarctic.
It is the third largest country in South America and one of the 20 largest countries in the world. its sovereignty extends over 200 nautical miles. having been a consultative party to the Antarctic Treaty it has a Scientific Station called Machu Picchu on that continent.

The main industries in Peru are mining, fishing, metal work, textiles, food, chemicals and tourism. Due to Peru’s unique geographic location, the country has abundant mineral resources in the mountainous areas, and the country’s coastal waters provide excellent fishing grounds. The result of this is a high quality and quantity of natural resources for Peru.

2)MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT ACTIVITIES FOR THE COUNTRY

Peru is the 59th largest export economy in the world and the 91st most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Peru exported $39.8B and imported $42.3B, resulting in a negative trade balance of $2.46B. In 2014 the GDP of Peru was $202B and its GDP per capita was $12k.
The top exports of Peru are Copper Ore ($6.93B), Gold ($5.86B), Refined Petroleum ($3.1B), Refined Copper ($1.85B) and Animal Meal and Pellets($1.41B), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($2.99B), Crude Petroleum ($2.77B), Cars ($1.77B), Broadcasting Equipment ($1.13B) and Computers ($946M).
The top export destinations of Peru are China ($7.08B), the United States($6.36B), Switzerland ($2.88B), Canada ($2.61B) and Brazil ($1.63B). The top import origins are China ($8.84B), the United States ($8.79B), Brazil($1.95B), Mexico ($1.93B) and Ecuador ($1.68B).
Peru borders Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Ecuador by land and Costa Rica by sea.

Peruvian economic performance has been tied to exports, which provide hard currency to finance imports and external debt payments.^[15] Peru's main exports are copper, gold, zinc, textiles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, manufactures, machinery, services and fish meal; its major trade partners are the United States, China, Brazil, European Union and Chile.^[16] Although exports have provided substantial revenue, self-sustained growth and a more egalitarian distribution of income have proven elusive.^[17]

LILY ZURAYA BINTI MOKHTAR

2017-03-15 02:04:04 UTC

BAHAMAS

1. LOCATION ADVANTAGE

Bahamas known officially as the Commonwealth of the Bahamas, is an archipelagic state within the Lucayan Archipelago. It consists of more than 700 islands, cays, and islets in the Atlantic Ocean and is located north of Cuba and Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic); northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands; southeast of the US state of Florida and east of the Florida Keys. The capital is Nassau on the island of New Providence. The designation of "the Bahamas" can refer either to the country or to the larger island chain that it shares with the Turks and Caicos Islands. As stated in the mandate/manifesto of the Royal Bahamas Defence Force, the Bahamas territory encompasses 470,000 km² (180,000 sq mi) of ocean space.

2. MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT ACTIVITIES FOR THE COUNTRY

The Bahamas Investment Authority / Import & Export. million in 1992) was primarily composed of pharmaceuticals, crawfish, salt, cement, rum, argonite, residual fuel oils, distilled fuel, cascarilla bark, tomatoes and citrus. Major destinations for Bahamian exports are the USA, the UK/European Community, and Japan.

NGO AI TING (A14A0513

ngoaiting — 2017-03-15 02:12:27 UTC

SERBIA
1)Location specific advantage
-Located at the crossroads between Central and Southern Europe, Serbia is found in the Balkan Peninsula and the Pannonian Plain.
-Serbia is in the central location, at the crossroads of South East Europe. It is located on major European transportation corridors (Pan European Corridors 10 and 7). Massive investments in transportation and telecommunication infrastructure are expected in 2010. Serbia also offers a great potential for river and air transportation.
-According to IBM Global Location Trends 2014 report, IBM Institute for Business Value, Serbia has regained its position as the top investment destination country in the world, measured by the number of jobs relative to the size of the population.

2)Major export and import activities
Import :Serbia is heavily dependant on its imports, particularly industrial machinery, iron and steel and natural gas. According to the CIA World Factsheet reports, Serbia had a trade deficit of $12.02 billion in 2008.
Export: Key export commodities of Serbia are wheat, fruits and vegetables, clothes and non-ferrous metals.

NUR AMIRAH BT AHMAD HUSAIN A14A0668

2017-03-15 02:17:09 UTC

Country: FIJI

1) location specific advantage

Fiji, a country in the South Pacific, is an archipelago of more than 300 islands. It's famed for rugged landscapes, palm-lined beaches and coral reefs with clear lagoons. Its major islands, Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, contain most of the population. Viti Levu is home to the capital, Suva, a port city with British colonial architecture. The Fiji Museum, in the Victorian-era Thurston Gardens, has ethnographic exhibits.

2) export/ import

Fiji's main exports are sugar, garments, gold, timber, fish, molasses, mineral water and coconut oil. Other domestic exports that have increased for the past five years are ginger, flour, taro and sweet biscuits. The main export destinations are USA, UK, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and other Pacific island countries. The main import items are manufactured goods, machinery, petroleum products, food and chemicals from Indonesia, Singapore, Australia, NZ and China.

NUR AMANINA BT AHMAD SUBANDI (A14A0664)

ninasubandi94 — 2017-03-15 02:23:52 UTC

AUSTRIA

1) Location advantage
Located in the centre of Europe, Austria offers an outstanding geographical position. The quick and easy accessibility of branches and subsidiaries in different locations is crucial. Austria offers stable politics and has been a member of the EU since 1995.

2) Major export-import activities
* Austria has managed to push its growth rate beyond the 1% mark, which almost became synonymous with its economy in the 90s. this is because of it is near with active neighbors in the form of Germany and strong trade allies such as USA. Austria’s biggest export partner is Germany, accounting for almost 29.5% of the total trade. Italy stands second with 8.6% and USA comes in third with 4.3%. Switzerland too has a prominent trading relation with Austria at 4.2% (2008 est).
* Austria's export is dominated by various things include machinery, equipment, motor vehicles, paper and paper board, textiles, food stuff etc.
* Austrian imports too show a strong presence of German products, with a volume share of 44.5%. Italy stands second with 7.1%, followed by Switzerland at 5.2% and Netherlands at 4.1%.
* their major import includes

Motor vehicles
Metal goods
Oil products
Foodstuffs

* Relationship with the US has grown over the years as well and imports from the USA amount to more than $5.1 billion. As far as FDI is concerned, the US represents about 10% of the total amount and stands second amongst the foreign investors in Austria. Being a convenient region with high potential, Austria attracts FDI from across the EU.

NURWAHIDA HAIZA BINTI JAINAL (A14A0912

2017-03-15 02:29:48 UTC

COUNTRY : COSTA RICA
1) LOCATION-SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE
Costa Rica is centrally located between two of the largest consumer markets in the world and, with all the neat, new technology, business can be done from here as easily as from Peoria, Illinois or Patagonia, Argentina! Costa Rica's government is as stable as one could want (in Central America) and the Costa Rican people are simply "a cut above."

2) export import activity
Export goods: bananas, pineapples, coffee, melons, ornamental plants, sugar; seafood; electronic components, medical equipment
Import goods: raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment, petroleum, construction materials

AMIRUL NAIM BIN IBRAHIM

2017-03-15 02:37:52 UTC

(A14A0053)
COUNTRY: LESOTHO

1. Location-Specific advantage
-Location is surrounded South Africa.
Area: 30,355 sq. km. (11 718 sq. mi.).
Terrain: High veld, plateau and mountains. Advantages in Lesotho is western lowlands form the main agricultural zone.
Almost 50% of the population earn income through informal crop cultivation or animal husbandry with nearly two-thirds of the country's income coming from the agricultural sector. After that, Water and diamonds are Lesotho's only significant natural resources.

2. Export and Import activity
- For export, Lesotho main exports are garments (40 percent of total exports) and diamonds (22 percent). Others include: road vehicles, water, wool and tobacco. Main export partners are: the United States (35 percent) and South Africa (30 percent) followed by Belgium and Canada.
- For Import, Lesotho more to focus like food, building materials, vehicles, machinery, medicines, petroleum products, inputs to the apparel industry. After that, Lesotho make import for that goods from Taiwan, Hong Kong and China.

NUR AQILAH BT ZULFAHARUDDIN A14A0676

2017-03-15 03:07:48 UTC

Country : Madagascar

1) Location-specific advantage of the country

Situated off the southeast coast of Africa, Madagascar is the fourth-largest island in the world, with an area of 587,040 sq km (226,657 sq mi), extending 1,601 km (995 mi) nne–ssw and 579 km (360 mi) ese–wnw. Comparatively, the area occupied by Madagascar is slightly less than twice the size of Arizona. It is separated from the coast of Africa by the Mozambique Channel, the least distance between the island and the coast being about 430 km (267 mi). The coastline of Madagascar is 4,828 km (3,000 mi). Madagascar claims a number of small islands in the Mozambique Channel—the Îles Glorieuses, Bassas da India, Juan de Nova, and Europa—covering about 28 sq km (11 sq mi), which are administered by France. Madagascar's capital city, Antananarivo, is located near the center of the island.

2) Major export and import activities

Madagascar is the 131st largest export economy in the world and the 132nd most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Madagascar exported $2.51B and imported $3.26B, resulting in a negative trade balance of $750M. In 2014 the GDP of Madagascar was $10.6B and its GDP per capita was $1.44k.

The top exports of Madagascar are Raw Nickel ($568M), Vanilla ($192M), Knit Sweaters ($178M), Cloves ($124M) and Crustaceans ($118M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($629M), Rice ($139M), Cars ($70M), Sulphur ($68.4M) and Packaged Medicaments ($68.3M).

The top export destinations of Madagascar are France ($534M), the United States ($219M), Belgium-Luxembourg ($173M), Germany ($161M) and South Africa ($159M). The top import origins are China ($556M), the United Arab Emirates ($542M), France ($252M), India ($217M) and South Africa ($161M).

Madagascar is an island and borders Comoros, Mozambique, Mayotte, the Seychelles and France by sea.

SITI SALSADILA BINTI ISHAK A14A1056

2017-03-15 06:45:50 UTC

CYPRUS

Location specific advantage for the country

Cyprus is situated on the great maritime highway in proximity to the world’s three great sea chokepoints. In this area, European Christendom and Middle East Islam had their borderland and engaged in periodic conflict for over a millennium. This division is expressed in Cyprus itself, divided between Islam in the north and Christianity in the south.

Throughout history, Cyprus has often been taken West or East. In the present epoch, however, it is rooted firmly in the Western Christian civilization of the EU, at least officially for the whole island, as this is not yet fully implemented in the north. However, Turkey is still a claimant and occupant of at least part of the island, in the north. The EU and Turkey have increasingly become the main direct players, and occupants, in the shaping of the island’s future.

Cyprus may yet again function as a military outpost for Europe and the West in a time of upheaval and revolution, this time for the EU. It could serve as a base for any military missions or campaigns for Europe’s show of strength and desire to thrust into the wider Mediterranean region, the Middle East, and the Persian Gulf, for the maintenance of imports and exports to continue to fire up Europe’s economies. With its favourable topography, climate, civilian and military installations, geostrategic position, and possibly future supply of offshore oil and gas, Cyprus is the ideal geostrategic military outpost for the EU to project its power into this quintessential geopolitical section of the Hinterland and its maritime region.

Major export and import activities for the country

The top exports of Cyprus are Packaged Medicaments ($404M), Refined Petroleum ($305M), Passenger and Cargo Ships ($141M), Cheese ($137M) and Broadcasting Equipment ($103M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification.

Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($2.36B), Passenger and Cargo Ships ($292M), Cars ($279M), Recreational Boats ($264M) and Packaged Medicaments ($214M).

MUHAMMAD HASBULLAH BIN HASSAN A14A0436 (NAURU ISLAND)

hasbullahhaizam — 2017-03-15 06:53:25 UTC

Location specific advantage for the country..

Nauru is a 21 square kilometres (8 sq mi)oval-shaped island in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, located 42 kilometres (26 mi) south of the Equator. The island is surrounded by a coral reef, which is exposed at low tide and dotted with pinnacles. The presence of the reef has prevented the establishment of a seaport, although channels in the reef allow small boats access to the island. A fertile coastal strip 150 to 300 metres (490 to 980 ft) wide lies inland from the beach.

Coral cliffs surround Nauru's central plateau. The highest point of the plateau, called the Command Ridge, is 71 metres (233 ft) above sea level.

The only fertile areas on Nauru are on the narrow coastal belt, where coconut palms flourish. The land surrounding Buada Lagoon supports bananas, pineapples, vegetables, pandanus trees and indigenous hardwoods such as the tomano tree.

Nauru was one of three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean, along with Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia. The phosphate reserves on Nauru are now almost entirely depleted. Phosphate mining in the central plateau has left a barren terrain of jagged limestone pinnacles up to 15 metres (49 ft) high. Mining has stripped and devastated about 80% of Nauru's land area, and has also affected the surrounding Exclusive Economic Zone; 40% of marine life is estimated to have been killed by silt and phosphate runoff. There are limited natural fresh water resources on Nauru. Rooftop storage tanks collect rainwater. The islanders are mostly dependent on three desalination plants housed at Nauru's Utilities Agency.

Export an dimport activity goods...

The Nauruan economy peaked in the early 1980s, as it was dependent almost entirely on the phosphate deposits that originate from the droppings of sea birds. There are few other resources, and most necessities are imported. Small-scale mining is still conducted by RONPhos, formerly known as the Nauru Phosphate Corporation. The government places a percentage of RONPhos's earnings into the Nauru Phosphate Royalties Trust. The Trust manages long-term investments, which were intended to support the citizens once the phosphate reserves were exhausted.

Because of mismanagement, the Trust's fixed and current assets were reduced considerably and may never fully recover. The failed investments included financing Leonardo the Musical in 1993. The Mercure Hotel in Sydney^] and Nauru House in Melbourne were sold in 2004 to finance debts and Air Nauru's only Boeing 737 was repossessed in December 2005. Normal air service resumed after the aircraft was replaced with a Boeing 737–300 airliner in June 2006. In 2005, the corporation sold its property asset in Melbourne, the vacant Savoy Tavern site, for $7.5 million.

The value of the Trust is estimated to have shrunk from A$1.3 billion in 1991 to $138 million in 2002 Nauru currently lacks money to perform many of the basic functions of government; for example, the National Bank of Nauru is insolvent. The CIA World Factbook estimated a GDP per capita of $5,000 in 2005. The Asian Development Bank 2007 economic report on Nauru estimated GDP per capita at $2,400 to $2,715. The United Nations (2013) estimates the GDP per capita to 15,211 and ranks it 51 on its GDP per capita country list.

There are no personal taxes in Nauru. The unemployment rate is estimated to be 90%, and of those who have jobs, the government employs 95%.^[3]^[80] The Asian Development Bank notes that, although the administration has a strong public mandate to implement economic reforms, in the absence of an alternative to phosphate mining, the medium-term outlook is for continued dependence on external assistance.^[79] Tourism is not a major contributor to the economy.^[81

SITI NUR SHAHIRA BINTI MAT ZAIN (A14A1040)

2017-03-15 08:48:09 UTC

YEMEN
1) LOCATION-SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE
Yemen is located in the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula. It is slightly larger than twice the size of the state of Wyoming with a total area of 527,970 sq km (203,850 sq mi). Yemen shares boundaries with Saudi Arabia on the n, Oman on the e, Gulf of Aden on the s, and the Red Sea on the w, and has a total land boundary length of 1,746 km (1,085 mi) plus a coastline of 1,906 km (1,184 mi).
The Yemen features a narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains. Dissected upland desert plains in the center of the country slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula. The highest known point is the summit of Jabal Hadhur, rising 3,760 m (12,336 ft) above the Red Sea coast. The western part of the country contains fertile soil in its highland plateaus which rise from about 1,200 to 3,000 m (4,000 to 10,000 ft). A system of wadis drain mountain slopes into the desert and into the Gulf of Aden.

2) MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT ACTIVITIES
Yemen has experienced a Balance Of Deficit over the years.
Major Exportable commodities in the country are cotton, coffee and crude oil. Its exports partners are India, China, Thailand and Malaysia.
Important importable commodities are manufacturing goods and machines. Its partners are UAE, China, US, Kuwait and France.
The following diagram shows the levels of Exports and Imports of goods and services of Yemen over the years.

The overall trade scenario is as follows:

Foreign Trade 2000 2003 2004 Merchandise trade (% of GDP) 67.8 67.3 65.0 Net barter terms of trade (2000 = 100) .. 97.2 117.5 Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) 6.0 million -89,000,000.0 143.6 million Long-term debt (DOD, current US$) 4.1 billion 4.7 billion 4.8 billion Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.5 30.7 25.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.9 35.4 33.7
Yemen joined World Bank in the year 1969. Since then the bank has stepped forward for fostering economic growth and reducing poverty in the country. The World Bank also started its Country Assistance Strategy for Yemen in 2002.

MOHD KHAIRUL AFANDI BIN MOHD YUSOFF (A14A0364)

2017-03-15 10:44:53 UTC

ISRAEL

1) Location-specific advantage of the country

- The nation of Israel is located in Asia on the western edge of the Middle East. Israel shares a border with Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Egypt, as well as the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Aqaba and Palestinian territories in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Israel is a relatively small country covering slightly more than 13,000 square miles of land. The state only measures 290 miles from north to south and 85 miles at its widest point going east to west. Israel is bordered by Syria to the northeast, Lebanon to the north, Jordan in the east and Egypt in the southwest. The western side of the country is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea and covers about 170 miles of the countries border.

2) Major import and export

- Israel's major imports include oil and other mineral fuels, uncut diamonds and other precious stones and metals, mechanical machinery and appliances, electrical machinery and electronics, vehicles, and their parts. Israel's major import partners include the United States, China, Germany and Belgium, and its major export partners include the United States and Hong Kong. The monthly average of imports in Israel was $1,741.90 million from 1959 until 2014, with an all-time high of $6,987.10 million in October of 2012 and an all-time low of $33.10 million in November of 1959. In 2011, its estimated total imports were $70.62 billion FOB. The monthly average of exports for Israel was $1,310.55 million from 1959 until 2014, with an all-time high of $5,848.30 million in March of 2011 and an all-time low of $10.80 million in July of 1959. In 2011, its estimated total exports were $62.5 billion FOB. In 2011, its estimated GDP growth was 4.8 percent. Agriculture makes up 2.8 percent of Israel's GDP. Israel is a major tourist destination; in 2013, 3.54 million foreign tourists visited.

- Israel exports a variety of products, including cut diamonds, precious metals, pearls, mechanical and electrical machinery, computer equipment, pharmaceuticals, fertilizer and consumer electronic goods, such as audio and video components. Economists credit the 1990s immigration of skilled engineers, scientists and technicians from the former Soviet Union for an export increase. Beginning in 2008, Israel exported more than half of its annual $58 billion industrial plant output. Nearly 80 percent of its high-tech products are exported, while roughly 40 percent of "low-tech" goods manufactured in the country are exported. Israel's diamond industry took a major hit during the global recession of 2007 through 2009, but rebounded beginning in 2010 when demand picked back up. That year its diamond exports totaled $9.4 billion, matching the country's pre-recession diamond export revenues. The majority of the nation's diamonds are exported to the United States and Hong Kong. In general, the United States and Hong Kong are Israel's biggest export customers, with the United Kingdom, Belgium, China and India following. While it does export some agricultural products, most notably poultry and dairy products, Israel tends to consume most of the food it grows or raises each year. The exception to that rule is during the winter months, when the country supplies much of Europe with fresh fruit and vegetables.

NURHUSNA BINTI MOHD HIDIR (A14A0816)

2017-03-15 12:01:37 UTC

Country : Mauritius
1)Location-specific advantage of the country

The Mauritius Freeport is the main trading hub of the Eastern and Southern African region. It boasts excellent warehousing, logistics and transshipment facilities to investors to access Africa, Europe and Asia. The strategic location of Mauritius has attracted major shipping lines, express courier services and freight forwarding companies to the Freeport logistics platform. Through these players Mauritius is able to develop competitive logistics at the seaport and airport.

2. Major export and import activities of the country

Export:
In 2014 Mauritius exported $3.01B, making it the 125th largest exporter in the world. During the last five years the exports of Mauritius have increased at an annualized rate of 8%, from $2.05B in 2009 to $3.01B in 2014. The most recent exports are led by Processed Fish which represent 12.5% of the total exports of Mauritius, followed by Raw Sugar, which account for 10.2%.

Import:
In 2014 Mauritius imported $5.85B, making it the 127th largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Mauritius have increased at an annualized rate of 7.5%, from $4.07B in 2009 to $5.85B in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Refined Petroleum which represent 15.2% of the total imports of Mauritius, followed by Broadcasting Equipment, which account for 5.48%.

NURATIQAH BINTI HAMDAN

2017-03-15 13:38:19 UTC

(A14A0802)
AUSTRALIA
1. Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean. Australia is a country and continent surrounded by the Indian and Pacific oceans. Its major cities – Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth, Adelaide – are coastal. Its capital, Canberra, is inland. The country is known for its Sydney Opera House, the Great Barrier Reef, a vast interior desert wilderness called the Outback, and unique animal species like kangaroos and duck-billed platypuses.

2.

The top exports of Australia are Iron Ore ($60B), Coal Briquettes($37.2B), Petroleum Gas ($16.3B), Gold ($16.3B) and Crude Petroleum($9.1B), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification.
Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($16.6B), Crude Petroleum ($16.2B), Cars ($15.7B), Computers ($7.37B) and Packaged Medicaments ($6.5B).

AMIR MIRZA BIN RIDZUAN (A14A0050)

aridzuan01 — 2017-03-15 13:47:05 UTC

SUDAN

Location-specific advantage for the country

SItuated in northeast Africa, Sudan is the largest country on the continent, covering an area of 2,505,810 sq km (967,499 sq mi), with a length of 2,192 km (1,362 mi) sse–nnw and a width of 1,880 km (1,168 mi) ene–wsw. Comparatively, the area occupied by Sudan is slightly more than one-quarter the size of the United States. It is bounded on the n by Egypt, on the ne by the Red Sea, on the e by Eritrea and Ethiopia, on the s by Kenya, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DROC), on the w by the Central African Republic and Chad, and on the nw by Libya.

Major export and import activities for the country.

The top exports of South Sudan are Crude Petroleum ($4.02B), Other Oily Seeds ($1.79M), Oil Seed Flower ($1.67M), Tanned Sheep Hides($677k) and Stone Processing Machines ($508k), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Raw Sugar ($52.1M), Cars ($35.7M), Sorghum ($32.3M), Wheat Flours ($23.6M) and Packaged Medicaments ($18.8M).

In 2014 South Sudan imported $537M, making it the 181st largest importer in the world. The most recent imports are led by Raw Sugarwhich represent 9.7% of the total imports of South Sudan, followed by Cars, which account for 6.64%.

NUR FARAH ATHIRAH BT. ROSTAFLI (A14A0711)

2017-03-15 14:49:37 UTC

SLOVAKIA
1) Location specific advantage for the country

Slovakia, the country in the heart of Europe, offers great advantages to foreign investors: strategic location between East and West with great export potential, the common European currency Euro and eight lowest debt of GDP in the EU27. Until the global economic crisis, Slovakia was enjoying sustained high economic growth. In 2008 Slovakia had a GDP growth of 6.4%, which was the second highest in the European Union. Due to global economic crisis Slovakia’s GDP growth in 2009 was -4.7%. As expected, in 2010 Slovak economy recorded a 4% GDP growth, one of the highest in EU. By the end of 2011, the GDP growth fell to 3.3%, but with the positive outlook for 2012. The European Commission forecast expects Slovak economy to grow by 2,6% in 2012 and reach the highest GDP growth in Eurozone.

2) Major export and import activities for the country

Export- In 2014 Slovakia exported $78B, making it the 42nd largest exporter in the world. During the last five years the exports of Slovakia have increased at an annualized rate of 9%, from $50.8B in 2009 to $78B in 2014. The most recent exports are led by Cars which represent 17.8% of the total exports of Slovakia, followed by Video Displays, which account for 8.07%.
Import- In 2014 Slovakia imported $78.7B, making it the 40th largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Slovakia have increased at an annualized rate of 6.4%, from $57.8B in 2009 to $78.7B in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Vehicle Parts which represent 8.43% of the total imports of Slovakia, followed by Crude Petroleum, which account for 4.57%.

2017-03-15 15:16:00 UTC

NADIA FARHANAH BINTI HAMZAH A14A1322

MONGOLIA

1)Mongolia is a landlocked country in the heart of the Asian continent. Mining is important to the national economy of Mongolia. Mongolian geology is complex and rich in its mineral potential. Coal, copper, and gold are the principal reserves mined in Mongolia. Several gold mines are located about 110 kilometers (68 miles) north of Ulaanbaatar, the capital. Mongolia's large-scale mining projects include the Tavan Tolgoi coal mine and the Oyu Tolgoi copper and gold mine. The mining sector is the most important economic sector in Mongolia, accounting for about half of the country's gross industrial output and 40% of export revenues. It directly employs over 12,000 people. Copper, gold, and fluorite dominate the country's mining production, which, with the exception of gold, has been fairly static, also producing limited amounts of tungsten, salt, clay, lime. Mongolia's geology has vast mineral potential. Mongolia occupies the interior portion of the Eurasian Plate and the Tuva Terrane, and in the northern region, it has over 6000 mineral showings of 80 different known minerals.In the past few years, Mongolia has attracted foreign investors from other countries through its rich natural resources. Mining is a key factor influencing Mongolia's future development. Mongolia is located next to two of the largest economies in the world:Russia and China. Most of Mongolia's mining exports go to China (approximately 90%). This geographic situation influences the country's economy, including its exports.Mongolia is a major producer of several minerals including coal, copper, gold, zinc, and fluorspar.

With extensive reserves, it has the potential to sharply increase production. Some investors, firms, and mining/mining-related services represent one of the most important and potentially most reliable sectors for long-term investment in Mongolia. Mongolia's natural resources offer the prospect of long-term economic development for the Mongolian people. If well managed, the recent expansion of international investment in Mongolia's mining could sustain the country's economy into the 21st century and offer ahost of benefits to its society. Global mineral exploration and mining operations should respect the cultural heritage and traditions of the Mongolian people as well as the environment because the past few years have witnessed sharp increases in Mongolia's air pollution, environmental pollution, and healthcare problems.

2)Mongolia is the 104th largest export economy in the world and the 119th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2014, Mongolia exported $6.14B and imported $5.14B, resulting in a positive trade balance of $1B. In 2014 the GDP of Mongolia was $12B and its GDP per capita was $11.9k.

The top exports of Mongolia are Copper Ore ($2.59B), Coal Briquettes ($839M), Gold ($821M), Crude Petroleum ($650M) and Iron Ore ($455M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($1.09B), Cars ($286M), Stone Processing Machines ($118M), Delivery Trucks ($115M) and Iron Structures ($83.1M)

The top export destinations of Mongolia are China ($4.93B), Switzerland ($446M), the United Kingdom ($410M), Italy ($57.5M) and Russia ($55.5M). The top import origins are China ($1.65B), Russia ($1.46B), Japan ($372M), South Korea ($351M) and the United States ($219M).

2017-03-15 15:20:09 UTC

SHAHIRAH NAJWA BINTI ROSLI A14A0975

2017-03-15 15:25:22 UTC

TONGA

1) Location specific advantage
The manufacturing sector consists of handicrafts and a few other very small scale industries, which contribute only about 3% of GDP. Commercial business activities also are inconspicuous and, to a large extent, are dominated by the same large trading companies found throughout the South Pacific. In September 1974, the country's first commercial trading bank, the Bank of Tonga, opened.
Tonga's development plans emphasise a growing private sector, upgrading agricultural productivity, revitalising the squash and vanilla bean industries, developing tourism, and improving communications and transport. Substantial progress has been made, but much work remains to be done. A small but growing construction sector is developing in response to the inflow of aid monies and remittances from Tongans abroad. In recognition of such a crucial contribution the present government has created a new department within the Prime Minister's Office with the sole purpose of catering for the needs of Tongans living abroad. Furthermore, in 2007 the Tongan Parliament amended citizenship laws to allow Tongans to hold dual citizenship.

2) Major export and import activites

Tonga has faced both trade deficit as well as balance of payment deficit over years. Important exportable items of the country are fish, squash and manufacturing and exports partners of the country are Japan, Australia and United States.

Major importable items are food, capital goods, fuel and energy. Its important partners are New Zealand, United States and United Kingdom.

The following diagram shows levels of exports and imports of the country.

Overall trade scenario in the country over years is as follows:

Foreign Trade 2000 2003 2004 Merchandise trade (% of GDP) 51.5 65.9 54.1 Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) 0.0 0.0 0.0 Long-term debt (DOD, current US$) 59.9 million 79.1 million 80.7 million

NUR AMALINA BT AHMAD NOORDIN(A14A0661)

2017-03-15 15:26:52 UTC

MONACO

1. LOCATION-SPECIFIC ADVANTAGES
- Monaco is a sovereign city-state and microstate, located on the French Riviera in Western Europe. France borders the country on three sides while the other side borders the Mediterranean Sea. Monaco has an area of 2.02 km2 (0.78 sq mi) and a population of about 38,400 according to the last census of 2015. With 19,009 inhabitants per km², it is the second smallest and the most densely populated country in the world.

2. MAJOR EXPORT AND IMPORT

ll food in Monaco is imported because there is no agricultural land in the region. The principality is completely urbanized. It has some manufacturing plants, but mostly, the area is a tourist region that attracts affluent vacationers due to its casino-rich culture and a pleasant climate. Monaco imports and exports through a full customs integration with France, and France collects and refunds all customs duties and tariffs. The residents of Monaco do not pay income taxes, which makes this small area great for getting good deals on imported items. Those who work in the import and export industry especially benefit from the lack of income taxes.
Essential oils, cosmetics and perfumes are produced in Monaco, and these goods are exported to other countries, including the United States. Additionally, artwork and antiques are also exported to America. Monaco imports gemstones and precious metals from America as well as cars, trucks and other vehicle materials.

GAN SIEW YING (A14A0182) Pakistan

yingjuly08 — 2017-03-15 15:43:31 UTC

1) Location specific advantage
Pakistan is geographically so located that its coast are the nearest to Central Asia. It is hoped that the linking of the Central Asian Republics to its road and railways, new net work would provide them with the shortest outlet for their international trade.
Pakistan is working to enhance cooperation with Central Asian countries. It is genuinely believed that trade would have the way for Pakistan's dynamic role in the region with which Pakistan can do good business and diversify the markets for its exports.

2) Major Export and Import
Exports

In 2014 Pakistan exported $28.3B, making it the 67th largest exporter in the world. During the last five years the exports of Pakistan have increased at an annualized rate of 6.9%, from $20.3B in 2009 to $28.3B in 2014. The most recent exports are led by House Linens which represent 11.4% of the total exports of Pakistan, followed by Rice, which account for 7.91%.
The top export destinations of Pakistan are the United States ($3.57B), China ($2.77B), Afghanistan ($2.2B), Germany ($1.7B) and the United Kingdom ($1.69B). The top import origins are China ($9.9B), the United Arab Emirates ($6.6B), Saudi Arabia ($4.08B), Kuwait ($2.82B) and India($2.16B).

Imports

In 2014 Pakistan imported $47.4B, making it the 53rd largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Pakistan have increased at an annualized rate of 7.7%, from $32.7B in 2009 to $47.4B in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Refined Petroleum which represent 17.3% of the total imports of Pakistan, followed by Crude Petroleum, which account for 10.9%.

NORSHAKILA BINTI ABD RAZAK (A14A0632

2017-03-15 16:08:33 UTC

SOMALIA

1)Location specific advantage.
Somalia is on the outer edge of the Somali Peninsula, also called the Horn of Africa, on the East African coast. It is bordered on the north by the Gulf of Aden, on the east by the Indian Ocean, on the southwest by Kenya, and on the west and northwest by Ethiopia and Djibouti.

At approximately 246,200 square miles (637,658 square kilometers), Somalia is about the size of Texas. Its coastline extends about 1,800 miles (2,896 kilometers). Somalia is hot for much of the year, with two wet and two dry seasons. Vegetation is generally sparse, except in the area between the Jubba and the Shabeelle Rivers in south-central Somalia.

A semiarid plain called the Guban runs parallel to the northern coast of Somalia. The Karkaar Mountains extend from Somalia's northwestern border to the eastern tip of the Horn of Africa, with the highest point, Shimber Berris, at 7,900 feet (2,408 meters). South of the mountain ranges, a central plateau known as the Haud extends to the Shabeelle River and westward into the Ogaden region of eastern Ethiopia. During the rainy seasons, from April to June and from October to November, this area provides plenty of water and grazing lands for livestock.

Somalia's two rivers, the Jubba and the Shabeelle, flow from the Ethiopian highlands into southeastern Somalia. The Shabeelle (Leopard) River does not enter the Indian Ocean but instead turns parallel to the coast and runs southward for 170 miles (274 kilometers) before drying up in marshes and sand flats. The Jubba flows year-round into the Indian Ocean.

Located in the heart of Mogadishu, Shanghai Old City is one of the most popular landmarks in the city and is best known for its interesting and unique Chinese architecture. This relatively wealthy area has been controlled by warlords at different periods during the civil war. Shanghai Old City is perhaps the most beautiful part of the city and, when not entangled in a struggle for power, is well worth a visit.

2)Major export and import activities for the country.

Import
Trade.Transportation equipment, machinery, cement and other building materials, iron, and steel are major imports of Somalia. Most of the imports come from Italy, Ethiopia and Kenya, China, Saudi Arabia, India and Pakistan, the United States, and Great Britain.
Export
Somalia is the 173rd largest export economy in the world and the 127th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI).

The top exports of Somalia are Sheep and Goats ($94.7M), Other Oily Seeds ($75.6M), Bovine ($61.4M), Tanned Goat Hides ($5.66M) and Other Hides and Skins ($4.6M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Other Vegetables ($471M), Raw Sugar ($192M), Bovine ($133M), Wheat Flours ($98.8M) and Rice($93.3M).

Livestock is the country's main export, especially camels, which are sold to Saudi Arabia and other Arab nations. Animal hides also are exported. Bananas are the chief crop export. Coffee, cotton, peanuts, mangoes, citrus fruits, and sugarcane are other important crops. Fishing and the export of frankincense and myrrh add to the economy.

NUR ATHIRAH BINTI ARIFFIN

2017-03-15 16:10:40 UTC

A14A0681
COMOROS
1) location specific advantage
The Comoros Islands were the center of ancient trade that took place around the Indian Ocean. Most boats and ships used to anchor especially the town of Domino which was the centre of trade. The town had an expanded trade that went all the way to Japan. Vasco da Gama the explorer had the opportunity to visit the town. The islands are offering beautiful scenery especially because of the exotic vegetation and animal species that are rare. The likes of the Livingstone's flying fox a bad that four feet. Coelacanth a rare species of fish that was thought to be nonexistent for a period of about 60 million years is found in the Comoros Island and is fished by fishermen.

2) major export and import

Agricultural products: vanilla, cloves, perfume essences, copra, coconuts, bananas, cassava (tapioca). Most of these crops are in the hands of French companies and a few businessmen

Exports: $9.3 million (f.o.b., estimation of 1998)

Exports - commodities: vanilla, cloves, perfume oil, copra and ylang-ylang (a tropical Asian tree flowers from which a perfume is distilled).

Exports - partners: France 43%, US 43%, Germany 7% (1997)

Imports: $49.5 million (f.o.b., estimation of 1998)

Imports - commodities: rice and other foodstuffs, consumer goods; petroleum products, cement, transport equipment

Imports - partners: France 59%, South Africa 15%, Kenya 6% (1997)

Demand for copra, vanilla and ylang-ylang is now shrinking. Many former importers of vanilla and ylang-ylang now manufacture synthetic substitutes.

SCOTLAND

2017-03-15 16:14:35 UTC

Muhammad Suhaimi Bin Sidek (A14A0472)

1) Location-Specific Advantage

The development of the farm ed salmon industry is clearly relevant to sustaining the rural economy of Scotland, and government intervention in the salmon market is a testimony to this fact. The geography of Scotland gives it a unique advantage in the production of farmed salmon. Not only is this industry location-specific in the sense of any farm products being linked to rural areas, in this particular case the product can only be farmed in areas which are typically remote and otherwise disadvantaged within the rural economy.

Import Activities :
he country imports manufactured goods, beverages and tobacco, machinery and vehicles, and fuels. Top importers of Scottish products include Germany, France, the Netherlands and the United States.

Export Activities :
Scotland exports Scotch whisky, salmon, beef and lamb, chemicals, petroleum products, electronics, and textiles. Whisky is the best-known Scottish export, with 36 bottles exported every second as of 2014. Scottish salmon is exported to about 60 countries each year. Products exported from Scotland were valued at £4.3 billion annually as of 2013.Almost two-thirds of Scotland's total exports fall into five categories: business services, instrument engineering, chemicals, food and beverages, and mechanical engineering.

Muhamad Helmie Bin Mohd Jefferi A14A0386

2017-03-15 16:24:44 UTC

Name of Country: Republic of Mali

1) location specific advantages

Mali's territory encompasses three natural zones: the southern cultivated Sudanese zone, central semi-desert Sahelian zone, and northern desert Saharan zone. The terrain is primarily savanna in the south and flat to rolling plains or high plateau (200–500 meters in elevation) in the north. There are rugged hills in the northeast, with elevations of up to 1,000 meters.

Desert or semi-desert covers about 65 percent of Mali's area. The Niger River creates a large and fertile inland delta as it arcs northeast through Mali from Guinea before turning south and eventually emptying into the Gulf of Guinea.

The Niger (with 1,693 kilometers in Mali) and Senegal are Mali’s two largest rivers. The Niger is generally described as Mali’s lifeblood, a source of food, drinking water, irrigation, and transportation.

The country's lowest point is on the Senegal River (23 m) and its highest point is Hombori Tondo (1155 m).

2)Major Import and Export
According to the International Trade Centre, the leading export categories for the Republic of Mali in 2008 were:

Pearls, precious stones, metals, coins, etc. (representing 74.9% of total exports)
Cotton (representing 10.7% of total exports)
Live animals (representing 5.9% of total exports)
Boilers, machinery, nuclear reactors, etc. (representing 1.5% of total exports)
Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products, etc. (representing 1.5% of total exports)

According to the International Trade Centre, the leading import categories for the Republic of Mali in 2008 were:

Mineral fuels, oils, distillations products, etc. (representing 21.4% of total imports)
Boilers, machinery, nuclear reactors, etc. (representing 11.8% of total imports)
Vehicles other than railway (representing 6.7% of total imports)
Electrical and electronic equipment (representing 6.6% of total imports)
Salt, sulphur, earth, stone, plaster, lime, and cement (representing 6% of total imports)

SITI ZUNAIDAH BINTI MOHAMAD ZULKUFLI (A14A1068)

2017-03-15 16:34:33 UTC

MOZAMBIQUE
Mozambique is a country located in southeastern Africa. Location advantage for this country is, it is naturally rich with biologically and culturally diverse which is wealth with natural resources. It also has a tropical climate. Its extensive coastline fronting the Mozambique Channel which is separates mainland Africa from the island of Madagascar., offers some of best natural harbours. It also has a beautiful attraction for tourism.
2. Major export
Mozambique listed as 100th largest export economy in the world and the most complex economy according to ECI. in 2014, Mozambique exported around $7.27B and imported $10.3b.
the top exports of this country are raw aluminium, aluminium bars, petroleum gas, refined petroleum and coke
the top export destinations of this country are South africa, Netherlands, india, China, Singapore.
~Major import activities
its top import are refined petroleum, raw aluminium, ferroalloys, delivery trucks and telephones. The import origins are South Africa, China, Bahrain, Netherlands and Zimbabwe.

SITI MAISARAH BINTI MOKSAN (A14A1010

2017-03-15 17:22:15 UTC

Republic of Palau

1. Location-specific advantage for the country:

Palau, officially the Republic of Palau is an island country located in the western Pacific Ocean. The country contains approximately 250 islands, forming the Western Chain of the Caroline Islands in Micronesia, and has an area of 466 square kilometers. The most populous island is Koror. Palau shares maritime boundaries with Indonesia, the Philippines, and the Federated States of Micronesia.

2. Major export and import activities for the country

Palau’ s economy is mainly dependent on tourism. Palau’s main exports are fish and related product. Major export partners are Japan, United State and Mexico. Palau’s main imports are oil, fish, machinery and equipment. Major import partners are Japan, United State, Singapore and Republic of Korea.

In 2014, Palau exported $21M and imported $160M, resulting in a negative trade balace of $139M. In 2014, the GDP of Palau was $250M nad its GDP per capita was $14.8M.

The top export of Palau are:

* non-fillet fresh fish ($13.7M)

* scrapes vessels ($2.41M)

* surveying equipment ($594M)

* large construction vehicles ($585M)

* broadcasting equipment ($422M)

The top export destination of Palau:

* Japan ($13.9)

* United State ($3.04M)

* Turkey ($2.41M)

* Guam ($281K)

The top imports of Palau are:

* refined petroleum ($45.4M)

* cars ($4.43M)

* surveying equipment ($3.31M)

* navigation equipment ($3.26M)

* beer ($2.75M)

The top imports origin are:

* United State ($52.2M)

* Singapore ($30.3M)

* Japan ($18.6M)

* South Korea ($11M)

*China ($8.41M)

YAGACILLAN ASOGAN (A14A1160) Turks and Caicos

2017-03-15 17:59:15 UTC

1. Since this country is surrounded by sea, it has a location advantage of becoming a harbour. Through that they can earn a lot. A harbour, or haven, is a body of water where ships, boats and barges seek shelter from stormy weather, or are stored for future use. Not to forget for its beautiful islands which can as a tourist attraction.

2. The Turks and Caicos Islands is the 204th largest export economy in the world. In 2014, the Turks and Caicos Islands exported $19.2M and imported $207M, resulting in a negative trade balance of $188M.

The top exports of the Turks and Caicos Islands are Refined Petroleum ($4.2M), Molluscs ($1.88M), Plastic Pipes ($1.86M), Crustaceans ($1.68M) and Ferroalloys ($1.08M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($39.8M), Cars ($11.9M), Soybeans ($7.81M), Wine ($4.27M) and Jewellery ($4.23M).

The top export destinations of the Turks and Caicos Islands are the United States ($4.39M), the Bahamas ($4.3M), Ethiopia ($1.87M), the Central African Republic ($1.08M) and Ireland ($1.02M). The top import origins are the United States ($159M), Brazil ($8.19M), Switzerland ($4.08M), Japan ($3.81M) and the United Kingdom ($3.4M).The Turks And Caicos Islands borders Haiti by land and the Bahamas, the Dominican Republic and Haiti by sea.

Nurul Hafizah binti Mohd Nazarna (a14a1195

uyunazarna — 2017-03-15 18:03:58 UTC

LEBONAN

1. Location-specific advantage : Lebanon is situated in a strategic geographical location: at the heart of the Middle East
and the crossroads of three continents: Africa, Europe and Asia; Lebanon has long
been the convergence point of trade routes and the meeting place for a wide variety of
people, the basis of today’s uniquely diverse and rich national culture. Therefore
Lebanon represents a point of entry to a large regional Arab market. With maximum
corporate tax rates of 15%, Lebanon’s fiscal charges are among the most moderate
worldwide1. In addition to a free-market economy based on a long tradition of
government-supported liberalism, a sophisticated banking system, a developed legal
framework, a superbly skilled workforce, and an exceptional lifestyle, Lebanon offers
a large number of investment opportunities in all sectors of the Lebanese national
economy.
2. Export : authentic jewelry, inorganicchemicals, miscellaneous consumergoods, fruit, tobacco, construction minerals, electric power machinery and switchgear, textile fibers and paper.
Import : petroleum products, cars, medical products, clothing, meat and live animals, consumer goods, paper, textile fabrics and tobacco.

FARIHA BINTI MOHAMAD KHIDZIR ( A14A0159)

2017-03-15 20:37:51 UTC

NEPAL
1. Location-specific advantage :
Nepal is located between the two large economies, India and China. This strategic location offers unparalleled and preferential access to their markets. Nepal’s trade with India has grown in the last 10 years by around 17% per annum. The total volume of trade exceeded USD 5 billion last year.

Similarly, Nepal’s trade with China has also seen a steady increase. The trade between the two countries has increased by over 17% per annum in the last three years, reaching about USD 640 million in 2012/13. With both India and China’s economy outperforming the world economy, Nepal will focus on increasing trade volumes with these two countries in the years to come.

Nepal’s geographical location creates the potential for Nepal to become the transit point for Indo-China trade. The heads of states of both India and China have shown commitment to fostering trade and taking bilateral cooperation to a different level. Trade between India and China has increased significantly in the last decade and reaching USD 70 billion in 2014. Indo-Nepal trade via Nepal can result in time as well as cost savings. As China has already built the Lhasa-Sigatse rail line and has shown commitment to extending this line to Nepal and the Nepalese government has shown interest the North-South Highway, linking the Indian border to the Chinese border, a cargo exiting Guangzhou could reach India in as little as 10 days.

2. Major export and import activities
export :

- apparels, clothing, and textiles
-beverage and mineral water
-cereal and cereal preparation
-electric electronic

import:
-aeroplane parts
-automobile
-agricultural goods
-baby foods
-battery

NUR SYAMERA BINTI NORHISHAM A14A0784

2017-03-16 00:57:57 UTC

MACAU
1. location specific advantage :
Macau has become a casino hub that in 2013 produced 7 times as much total gaming revenue as Las Vegas.

While Macau is very small, with fewer than 600,000 permanent residents, it has one major advantage over Las Vegas. Macau is strategically located centrally to the most populated areas in the world, particularly China. But it's not just China's 1.4 billion people and growing middle class that are close to Macau.

There are many other countries and densely populated major cities nearby. In fact, 1 billion people live within a 3 hour flight of Macau, and more than 3 billion live within a 5 hour flight. That's nearly half of the world's population in less flight time than New York City to Las Vegas.

In addition, Macau also have fishing re-emerged as a dominant economic activity as it lost its position as a regional trading center. In the early 1920s, over 70% of Macau's 84,000 residents were engaged in fishing.

2.Major export and import activity

In 2011, Macau's free-market economy produced total exports of US$1.119 billion (MOP 8.94 billion) and consisted mainly of clothing, textiles, footwear, toys, electronics, machinery and parts.

Total imports for the same period reached US$8.926 billion (MOP 71.32 billion), and consisted mostly of raw materials and semi-manufactured goods, consumer goods (foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco), capital goods, mineral fuels and oils.

Macau's primary export partner in 2011 was Hong Kong (44.6%). Other exports go to Mainland China (15.9%) and United States (7.9%). Macau import partners are Mainland China (30.4%), Hong Kong (12%), France (10.4%), Switzerland (7.5%), Italy (7.5%), Japan (6.2%), and United States (6.1%).

Macau is also the largest import partner of Sudan (18.1%)

NUR ILIANI BT MUHAMAD IZANI (A14A0738)

2017-03-16 03:03:14 UTC

ERITREA

1) Location specific advantage
Eritrea's strategic location provide with easy access to regional and international markets (Middle East, Europe, Africa - COMESA and Sahle Sahara) is a major advantage for establishing competitive industrial and service oriented investments. Eritrea, with a coastline of 1000km along the busiest Red Sea corridor and two important ports could serve as the hub of international business, investment and financial activities.

2) Major export and import activities

The top exports of Eritrea are :

-copper ore
-precious metal ore
-coffee
-precious stone
-non-knit men's shirts

Export destinations of Eritrea are :

-China
-India
-South Korea
-Bulgaria
-Egypt

The top imports of Eritrea are :

-cars
-rubber tires
-wheat flours
-raw sugar
-palm oil

Import origins of Eritrea are :

-China
-South Korea
-Germany
-Egypt
-Italy

MUHAMMAD SUFI 'AZAM BIN AZHARI (A14A0471

aridzuan01 — 2017-03-16 04:54:06 UTC

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

1) LOCATION SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE
- Petroleum and petroleum products.
- liquefied natural gas (LNG)
- methanol
- ammonia
- urea
- steel products
- cement
- cotton textiles

2) MAJOR IMPORT AND EXPORT
i) Export Goods :
- Petroleum and petroleum products.
- liquefied natural gas (LNG)
- methanol
- ammonia
- urea
- steel products
- cement
- cotton textiles

Main export partners :
- United States ( 40.3% )
- Argentina ( 6.9%)
- Chile ( 6.8%)
- Jamaica ( 4.9%)
- Spain (4.3%)

ii) Import Goods :
- mineral fuels
- lubricants
- machinery
- transportation equipment
- food
- chemicals
- live animals

Main Import Partners :
- United States ( 30.8%)
- Colombia ( 13.9%)
- Brazil ( 7.6%)
- Gabon (5.0%)
- Canada (4.1%)

MUHAMMAD SUFI 'AZAM BIN AZHARI (A14A0471)

2017-03-16 05:07:49 UTC

MUHAMMAD AZIF ZARADI BIN ABDUL HALIM A14A0411

2017-03-16 05:16:32 UTC

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
1) Location specific advantage.
Located in South Eastern Europe. Its location at the crossroads of Europe and the Middle East give it a strategic advantage for commerce flowing between the two regions. Bosnia and Herzegovina also has a diverse landscape, with forests, fertile plains and 23km of coastline along the Adriatic Sea

2) Major export & import activities.
i) export
- leather
- raw aluminum
- vehicle part
- sawn wood

ii) import
-refined petroleum
- crude petroleum
- car
- packaged medicament
- coal briquettes

MUHAMMAD SALIHAN BIN MOH SAHAIMI (A14A0466)

2017-03-16 05:31:47 UTC

RWANDA
1) Location specific advantage
Rwanda became an independent state in 1962, after gaining its sovereignty from Belgium. The population of Rwanda is 11,689,696 (2012) and the nation has a density of 474 people per square kilometer. The currency of Rwanda is the Rwanda Franc (RWF). As well, the people of Rwanda are refered to as Rwandan. The dialing code for the country is 250 and the top level internet domain for Rwandan. Rwanda shares land borders with 4 countries: Tanzania, Burundi, Uganda, Democratic Republic Of The Congo.

2) MAJOR IMPORT AND EXPORT
IMPORT
- cars
- acrylic polymers
- wheat
- raw sugar
- vegetable oils
-brochures
- processed fish

EXPORT
Ø Tin Ores

Ø Niobium

Ø Tantalum

Ø Vanadium

Ø Zirconium Ore

Ø Refined Petroleum

Ø Tea

Ø Coffee

Ø Cement

Ø Broadcasting Equipment

Ø Packaged Medicaments

Ø Acrylic Polymers

MUHAMMAD AMIRUL KHAIRUL ANWAR BIN MD KHAIRUN (A14A0406)

2017-03-16 05:42:55 UTC

1. Location-specific advantage

Situated to the north of Australia, Papua New Guinea has a total land area of 462,840 sq km (178,704 sq mi), including the large islands of New Britain, New Ireland, and Bougainville and hundreds of smaller islands. Comparatively, the area occupied by PNG is slightly larger than the state of California. The country extends 2,082 km (1,294 mi) nne–ssw and 1,156 km (718 mi) ese–wnw. Mainland Papua New Guinea shares the island of New Guinea, the second-largest island in the world, with Irian Jaya, a province of Indonesia. To the n is the US Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; to the e, the Solomon Islands; to the w, Irian Jaya; and about 160 km (100 mi) to the s, the nearest neighbor, Australia. Papua New Guinea has a total boundary length of 5,972 km (3,711 mi), of which 5,152 km (3,201 mi) is coastline.

Papua New Guinea is situated between the stable continental mass of Australia and the deep ocean basin of the Pacific. The largest section is the eastern half of the island of New Guinea, which is dominated by a massive central cordillera, or system of mountain ranges, extending from Indonesia's Irian Jaya to East Cape in Papua New Guinea at the termination of the Owen Stanley Range, and including the nation's highest peak, Mt. Wilhelm (4,509 m/14,793 ft). A second mountain chain fringes the north coast and runs parallel to the central cordillera. In the lowlands are many swamps and floodplains. Important rivers are the Sepik, flowing about 1,130 km (700 mi) to the north coast, and the Fly, which is navigable for 800 km (500 mi) in the southwest. The Bougainville–New Ireland area comprises Bougainville and Buka islands, the Gazelle Peninsula of New Britain, New Ireland, New Hanover, the St. Matthias group, and the Admiralty Islands.

2. Major export and import activities

As a major exporter of commodities, Papua New Guinea mainly exports gold, copper, palm oil and coffee. Main exports partners are Australia, Japan, Germany, China and Singapore.

The top exports of Guinea are Gold ($972M), Crude Petroleum ($841M), Aluminium Ore ($739M), Postage Stamps ($187M) and Coconuts, Brazil Nuts, and Cashews ($62.4M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification.

In 2014 Papua New Guinea exported $8.62B, making it the 96th largest exporter in the world. During the last five years the exports of Papua New Guinea have increased at an annualized rate of 12.6%, from $4.76B in 2009 to $8.62B in 2014. The most recent exports are led by Gold which represent 20% of the total exports of Papua New Guinea, followed by Petroleum Gas, which account for 19.6%.

In 2014 Papua New Guinea imported $4.92B, making it the 135th largest importer in the world. During the last five years the imports of Papua New Guinea have increased at an annualized rate of 9.6%, from $3.12B in 2009 to $4.92B in 2014. The most recent imports are led by Refined Petroleum which represent 11.1% of the total imports of Papua New Guinea, followed by Crude Petroleum, which account for 9.5%

NURHUSNA BINTI JAMIAN (A14A0815)

2017-03-16 05:52:18 UTC

QATAR

1) Location Specific Advantage
Qatar is among the best-placed countries to survive low oil prices. Home to the world’s third-largest gas reserves, the country is also the fourth-largest natural gas producer. With 77 million tonnes of LNG produced per year, Qatar accounted for a third of global LNG exports in 2013. “Most of Qatar’s natural gas production comes from the North Field, where production costs have historically been lower than in other Gulf States. Doha made investments in LNG capacity to attain a dominant position in global markets, ensuring key revenues for the state,” Gopal Balasubramaniam, head of oil and gas for Middle East and South Asia at global consulting company KPMG, told TOGY. Thanks to its location halfway between Europe and Asia, Qatar has become a swing supplier with the ability to steer exports towards the most attractive markets.

2) Major export and import activities.
EXPORT

Despite already being the world’s largest LNG exporter, Qatar aims to more than double its current output of LNG by the end of 2011. Japan's 2011 earthquake and tsunami disaster is also likely to increase in Qatar’s LNG exports. Japan is Qatar’s largest export partner, consuming more than 25 percent of Qatar’s total LNG output, and more LNG will be required to meet it's energy needs due to reduced capabilities of Japan's nuclear power plants.
Total value of exports: US$57.82 billion (2010 estimate). Primary exports - commodities: liquefied natural gas (LNG), petroleum products, fertilizers, steel. Primary export partners: Japan (34.68 percent of total exports), South Korea (22.44 percent), Singapore (10.03 percent), India (4.86 percent). Oil exports: 753,000 bbl/day. Natural gas exports: 56.78 billion

IMPORT
As is the case for Qatar's Middle Eastern neighbours, oil and natural gas are crucial components of it’s trade revenues. Eighty-five percent of Qatar's export earnings are derived from these industries and reinvested into imports such as food and machinery to sustain Qatar’s rapidly growing economy. High oil prices in particular, ensures Qatar operates with a trade surplus.

SHUHAIDA ABD SALLEH A14A0988

2017-03-16 06:20:33 UTC

SURINAME

1) Location specific advantage

SURINAME – AN IDEAL LOCATION FOR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT. Suriname borders French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, Brazil to the south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the north. It is the smallest independent country on the South American continent and has great diversity of flora and fauna. The country is divided by two landscapes; highlands in the form of hills and mountains and plains and swamps on the coast. So whatever your business objectives, Suriname has much to offer.Its geographic location, fiscal backing, tax exemptions and continued economic growth make it an attractive location to invest in. The government in Suriname actively supports Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), knowing that it plays an increasingly important role in the development of Suriname’s economy and has introduced new laws to reduce costs of business start-ups. The National Export Initiative (NEI) aims to double exports by 2014, and the government see FDI as the perfect tonic to aid in this process.

2) Major export and import activities.

Suriname is a net food importer. Imports account for more than 80% of consumption. Agricultural products accounted for only 13% of GDP in 2001, with rice, bananas, palm kernels, coconuts, plantains, and peanuts as the principal crops.
The chief crops are rice, sugar, plantains and bananas, citrus fruits, coffee, coconuts, and palm oil, in addition to staple food crops. With the exception of rice, the main export crop, plantation agriculture has suffered the consequences of absentee ownership. Rice production was 95,000 tons in 2004. Sugar production dropped so substantially in the 1980s that imports were required to meet local demand. Under union pressure, the government in early 1987 agreed to a national sugar plan to improve machinery and housing, and to create employment.

Suriname is self-sufficient in rice, and exports large amounts. Suriname's economy, accounting for about 15% of GDP and 70% of exports. With the exception of rice, the main export crop, plantation agriculture has suffered the consequences of absentee ownership. Fishing has become increasingly important, both on inland waterways and at sea. The chief commercial catch is shrimp, which is exported.

SITI NOOR EDAYU BT ABD MANAF A14A1022

2017-03-16 08:26:39 UTC

TUNISIA

1. Location-specific advantage for the country
Tunisia at the crossroads of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. By its central Mediterranean position, its competitive and growth and its preferential treaties with numerous partner countries, Tunisia offers access to numerous markets for companies that desire to develop their activities.

Tunisia is a privileged partner of the European Union. Its geographic proximity to Europe is also an advantage for Tunisia. The relationship is a close one economically, culturally and socially.

From January 1st 2008, Tunisia was the first country of the southern Mediterranean shore to join the Free Trade Area of the European Union. The associative free trade treaty gives access to the EU market:

Tunisian industrial products will be totally exempt from duties and levies, with no quotas.
Agricultural products will enjoy preferential conditions.

Tunisian exports to the European Union market have undergone a remarkable evolution. Their part in the export total increased from 51% in 1976 to 73.2% in 2010. Nearly 80% of exports to the European Union are industrial products. Through the dynamic quality of its ready-to-wear clothing sector, Tunisia is the fourth exporter of clothing to the EU.

2. Major export and import activities for the country
Tunisia is the 75th largest export economy in the world and the 74th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI).

Tunisia exported $16.1B and imported $22.7B, resulting in a negative trade balance of $6.54B. In 2014 the GDP of Tunisia was $48.6B and its GDP per capita was $11.4k.

The top exports of Tunisia are Insulated Wire ($1.78B), Crude Petroleum($1.33B), Non-Knit Men's Suits ($1.05B), Non-Knit Women's Suits($710M) and Low-voltage Protection Equipment ($507M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($2.36B), Petroleum Gas ($1.68B), Cars ($603M), Low-voltage Protection Equipment ($499M) and Wheat ($464M).

The top export destinations of Tunisia are France ($5.31B), Italy ($2.88B), Germany ($2.13B), Spain ($528M) and Algeria ($516M).

The top import origins are France ($4.41B), Italy ($4.36B), Germany ($1.73B), Algeria($1.58B) and China ($1.23B).

Tunisia borders Algeria and Libya by land and Italy by sea.

NATASHA YUSOFF (A14A1192)

nut_172 — 2017-03-16 11:26:06 UTC

SAINT LUCIA

1. Location-specific advantage

A Saint Lucian passport provides visa-free travel to more than 100 countries,
including the Schengen States, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Singapore and
many others.
No requirements to travel to Saint Lucia during the application process.
No educational or managerial experience required.
Fast processing.
No taxes for non-residents.
No physical residency requirements.
Saint Lucia recognises dual citizenship so you can retain your current nationality.
Saint Lucia is a member of the Commonwealth, which entitles citizens to certain privileges in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries.
Saint Lucia is an attractive place to live and own a second home, with excellent air/travel connections to North America, Canada and Europe.
Reasonable minimum investment level requirements.
Reasonable processing and administration fees

.2. Major export and import activities
-Banana

MUHAMMAD FARHAN BIN MAH HASSAN A14A0420

2017-03-16 12:42:01 UTC

NAMIBIA
1) Location specific advantage
Namibia is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Although it does not border Zimbabwe, a part of less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River (essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a Botswana/Zambia micro-border) separates the two countries.Namibia is the world's thirty-fourth largest country. The country has 2.303 million (2013).

2) Major export and import activites

Export
Namibia exports mostly diamonds (25% of total exports), uranium, lead, zinc, tin, silver, tungsten, food and live animals and manufactured products. Namibia's mainexports partners are South Africa (27% of total), United Kingdom (17%), USA, Angola, Netherlands and Spain.

Import
foodstuffs; petroleum products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals

YAP SHIR LEY (A14A1163) GUATEMALA

shirley1163 — 2017-03-16 16:52:38 UTC

1. Location-specific advantage
Guatemala situated in Central American, Guatemala has an area of 108,890 sq km (42,043 sq mi), with a maximum length of 457 km (284 mi) nnw–sse and a maximum width of 428 km (266 mi) ene–wsw. It has yhe largest population in Central American Region (over 13.5 million). It alos close proximity to the US due to its location in the northern part of Central America. The human resource availability and operations can scale significantly. Strength of Guatemala is telecommunications networks. Central America’s most open regulatory frameworks, a fast growing telecom sector, and strong infrastructure due to both local and foreign competition. With access to an ocean on either side, Guatemala ensures 99% redundancy in connections to both Pacific and Atlantic fiber optic cables.

2) Major export and import activites
Guatemala is the 85th largest export economy in the world and the 89th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI).

Export
The top exports of Guatemala are Raw Sugar ($1B), Bananas ($895M), Coffee ($756M), Precious Metal Ore ($447M) and Gold ($361M)

The top export destinations of Guatemala are the United States ($4.32B), El Salvador ($1.07B), Honduras ($790M), Canada ($553M) and Mexico ($499M).

Import
Its top imports are Refined Petroleum ($2.71B), Packaged Medicaments ($477M), Cars ($456M), Broadcasting Equipment ($365M) and Petroleum Gas ($317M).

The top import origins are the United States ($7.21B), Mexico ($1.92B), China ($1.89B), El Salvador ($739M) and Panama ($657M).

Mohd Amin Bin Jaffar

amin95_sempunk — 2017-03-20 03:48:50 UTC

( A14A0359)
OMAN
1. location-specific advantage
The peninsula of Musandam (Musandem) exclave, which has a strategic location on the Strait of Hormuz, is separated from the rest of Oman by the United Arab Emirates.[36] The series of small towns known collectively as Dibba are the gateway to the Musandam peninsula on land and the fishing villages of Musandam by sea, with boats available for hire at Khasab for trips into the Musandam peninsula by sea. Oman's other exclave, inside UAE territory, known as Madha, located halfway between the Musandam Peninsula and the main body of Oman,[36] is part of the Musandam governorate, covering approximately 75 km2 (29 sq mi).

2. Major Export and Import

import
The bulk of imports come from the United Arab Emirates and Japan, and include food and live animals, beverages and tobacco, crude materials, and minerals.

export
Oman’s principle export is oil and in 1999 the commodity accounted for 76 percent of all exports. In the 1980s, oil accounted for over 90 percent but its share has declined due to the falling price of crude oil. The second major export in Oman is re-exports such as foodstuffs and animal products.