https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9 “The hazard risks along the Californian coast are mainly the result of physical processes” (16) en-us 2019-10-25 12:52:03 UTC 2021-02-10 12:04:12 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186883562 Increases winter storms caused buildings to be abandoned. The more extreme and frequent the storms are, the higher the risk]]> 2021-02-10 11:47:47 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186883562 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186883985 Pacifica - building infrastructure increases stress on the coastline.]]> 2021-02-10 11:47:56 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186883985 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186884366 Proximity to San Andreas faultline (figure 7a) means seismic waves from any earthquake travel less distance so they have more energy and can cause greater damage (quick speed of onset).]]> 2021-02-10 11:48:04 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186884366 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186887737 2021-02-10 11:49:14 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186887737 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186892132 Human factors and industrial processes contribute to climate change and the effects can be sen as the loss rate in centimetres per year increases a lot during 1993-2001. Climate change would produce much more destructive waves, as well as the wave having a much longer fetch, as well as sea level rise so more erosion processes will be taking place at the same time, therefore increasing the rate.]]> 2021-02-10 11:50:29 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186892132 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186894202 Road construction weakened the slope adding stress]]> 2021-02-10 11:51:14 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186894202 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186894658 The erosion of land in the years 1993-2001 were much higher than they were previously. Resulting in around 10x more land being lost in half the time.]]> 2021-02-10 11:51:25 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186894658 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186894783 Human activity can increase the stress on landslides at hurricane point such as road activity, infrastructure.]]> 2021-02-10 11:51:27 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186894783 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186895028 2021-02-10 11:51:33 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186895028 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186895208 Sedimentary rock is not resistant to marine processes because of it’s clastic structure. This is why undercutting has occurred on Pacifica. Hydraulic Action is very likely to be the main erosion along process due to the frequent winter storms lower temperatures.]]> 2021-02-10 11:51:37 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186895208 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186895388 building settlements/infrastructure like houses/roads on the cliff weakens the cliff and can make it more prone to landslides]]> 2021-02-10 11:51:41 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186895388 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186896100 Erosion (hydraulic action) at the base of the cliff at hurricane point makes it unstable. The sedimentary rock is less resistant so can be eroded more easily]]> 2021-02-10 11:51:55 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186896100 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186896785 Also, heavy development on the conservative boundary in California means greater population density close to the coast, so more people are at risk from events and their secondary impacts (especially tsunamis caused by earthquakes). There is a greater risk of heavy economic damage even if fatalities are minimised. For example, 5.1 magnitude Orange County earthquake caused no deaths but may still have heavy consequences, especially as it affected Disneyland (damaged buildings, loss of tourism industry). ]]> 2021-02-10 11:52:10 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186896785 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186897284 Since California is on a Conservative plate boundary, it makes it more vulnerable to frequent earthquakes of lower magnitudes - 5.1 magnitude EQ in 2014]]> 2021-02-10 11:52:21 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186897284 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186898037 Pacifica is close to the San Andreas Fault (leading to a faster speed of onset), and is located on a cliff with a clastic structure (sedimentary rock), meaning that it is adversely affected by both the tectonic power and the erosional processes at the base of the cliff, such as hydraulic action and abrasion.]]> 2021-02-10 11:52:37 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186898037 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186899932 The cliff retreat and loss rate at hurricane point has increased  dramatically over the past 40 years compared to before that, suggesting an increase in mass movement and hydraulic action with increased destructive waves and storms ]]> 2021-02-10 11:53:20 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186899932 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186900118 2021-02-10 11:53:23 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186900118 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186902483 California is using shake alert, golden guardian exercise and assisting construction to help their population face and act properly when earthquakes occur ]]> 2021-02-10 11:54:11 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186902483 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186904680 Climate change due to human action has created erratic weather patterns, meaning that storms occur more often and the intensity of the waves may increase as a result of warming water surface temperatures, increasing destructivity.]]> 2021-02-10 11:55:03 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186904680 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186908116 orange county-water and gas pipes could increase the vulnerability, if they burst/leak (unless they are shut off quick enough-California State Law)]]> 2021-02-10 11:56:16 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186908116 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186908789 2021-02-10 11:56:30 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186908789 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186910130 Figure 7b Hurricane Point’s highway repairs were expensive but these repairs would decrease vulnerability because it can improve evacuation attempts in a future hazard event (especially if earthquakes are low-magnitude but frequent). This can reduce fatalities/congestion on other key routes and decrease social impacts.]]> 2021-02-10 11:56:58 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186910130 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186918982 Rocks and scree at base of cliff at Pacifica could cause abrasion especially with the energy from destructive waves]]> 2021-02-10 11:59:57 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186918982 https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186921096 Water pipe bursting could create additional stress to the coastline.]]> 2021-02-10 12:00:42 UTC https://padlet.com/christophernelson/9thtfo9bs4n9/wish/1186921096