by Cristian https://padlet.com/The_Homie_Cril/9sucpvev1shm en-us 2016-04-17 19:19:17 UTC 2017-05-17 10:10:52 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.storage.googleapis.com/portrait/crane_yellow.png Muscular System The_Homie_Cril https://padlet.com/The_Homie_Cril/9sucpvev1shm/wish/106191909 The muscular system is what allows us to move. All the muscles in this system are attached to the skeletal system. These muscles can make up half of a persons body weight. Each of these muscles is a discrete organ constructed of skeletal muscle tissue, blood vessels, tendons, and nerves. 

Groups Action in Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal muscles rarely work by themselves to achieve movements in the body. More often they work in groups to produce precise movements. The muscle that produces any particular movement of the body is known as an agonist or prime mover. The agonist always pairs with an antagonist muscle that produces the opposite effect on the same bones.]]> 2016-04-17 19:19:40 UTC https://padlet.com/The_Homie_Cril/9sucpvev1shm/wish/106191909 Skeletal System The_Homie_Cril https://padlet.com/The_Homie_Cril/9sucpvev1shm/wish/106192388 The skeletal system is all the bones and the joints in the system. Every bone is a complex living organ made up of multiple cells, minerals, and protein fibers. The skeleton is what holds up all the body's soft tissue and gives them structure. It also provides points of attachments Blood cells are made by the red bone marrow inside of our bones. They also storage calcium, iron, and energy, in the form of fat. It grows from childbirth allowing other system to grow as well. An adults body has 206 individual bones. These bones are arranged into two major divisions: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton runs along the body’s midline axis and is made up of 80 bones in the following regions: Skull, Hyoid, Auditory Ossicles, Ribs, Sternum, Vertebral Column.
The appendicular skeleton is made up of 126 bones in the folowing regions: Upper Limbs, Lower Limbs, Pelvic Girdle, Pectoral Girdle.

Skull
The skull is made of 22 bones that are fused together except for the mandible. As a child 21 of the bones are separated, this is so that the brain and the skull can grow. When fully grown they are fused to protect the brain.

Hyoid And Auditory Ossicles
The hyoid is a small, U-shaped bone just under the mandible. The hyoid is the only bone that is not connected to any other bone. Its function is to help open and close the trachea and form a bony connection to the tongue muscles.
The malleus, incus, and stapes—known collectively as the auditory ossicles—are the smallest bones in the body. Found in a small cavity inside of the temporal bone, they serve to transmit and amplify sound from the eardrum to the inner ear.


]]> 2016-04-17 19:29:01 UTC https://padlet.com/The_Homie_Cril/9sucpvev1shm/wish/106192388 Nervous System The_Homie_Cril https://padlet.com/The_Homie_Cril/9sucpvev1shm/wish/106192397 The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all of the nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body. All these organs are responsible for the control and communication of the among its parts. The brain and the spinal cord are known as the central nervous system, and where information is evaluated and decisions are made. The sensory nerves and sense organs of the peripheral nervous system monitor the conditions inside the body as well as outside the body and transfer that to the central nervous system. Efferent nerves in the PNS carry signals from the control center to the muscles, glands, and organs to regulate their functions.Receptors in muscles provide the brain with information about body position and movement.The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle. The nervous system regulates the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract. Endothelial cells maintain the blood-brain barrier. Baroreceptors send information to the brain about blood pressure. Cerebrospinal fluid drains into the venous blood supply.The brain regulates heart rate and blood pressure. The vertebrae protect the spinal cord from injury. Sensory receptors in joints between bones send signals about body position to the brain. The brain regulates the position of bones by controlling muscles. The brain monitors respiratory volume and blood gas levels. The brain regulates respiratory rate. Digestive processes provide the building blocks for some neurotransmitters. The autonomic nervous system controls the tone of the digestive tract. The brain controls drinking and feeding behavior. The brain controls muscles for eating and elimination. The digestive system sends sensory information to the brain. The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland and other endocrine glands.

Brain
The brain is a soft, wrinkled organ, that weighs around three pounds. Its located inside the cranial cavity, where the bones of the skull protect it. The estimated 100 billion neurons in the brain form the main control center. 

Spinal Cord
The spinal cord is a long, thin mass of bundled neurons that carries information through the vertebral cavity of the spine beginning at the medulla oblongata of the brain on its superior end and continuing inferiorly to the lumbar region of the spine.

Nerves
Nerves are groups of axons in the pheriphial nervous system that act as information highways to carry information between the brain and spinal cord along with the rest of the body. Each axon is wrapped in a connective tissue sheath called the endoneurium. Individual axons of nerves are bundled in groups of axons called fascicles, that are wrapped in a sheath of connective tissue called perineum.

]]> 2016-04-17 19:29:16 UTC https://padlet.com/The_Homie_Cril/9sucpvev1shm/wish/106192397 Respiratory System The_Homie_Cril https://padlet.com/The_Homie_Cril/9sucpvev1shm/wish/106192432 The primary organs of the respiratory systemare lungs, which function to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide as we breathe. The human respiratory system is a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. The air at first enters through the nose, then flows through the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and then into the lungs through the Bronchi. In the lungs, it flows into smaller bronchioles.

Nose
The nose is the body's primary organ of smell and also functions as part of the body's respiratory system.
Air comes into the body through the nose. As it passes over the specialized cells of the olfactory system, the brain recognizes and identifies smells. Hairs in the nose clean the air of foreign particles. As air moves through the nasal passages, it is warmed and humidified before it goes into the lungs.

Trachea
The trachea (or windpipe) is a wide, hollow tube that connects the larynx  to the bronchi of the lungs. It is an integral part of the body’s airway and has the vital function of providing air flow to and from the lungs for respiration.

Lungs
The lungs of a human are large spongy organs made to exchange gas between our blood and the air. Our lungs provide us with oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide before it reaches hazardous levels.]]> 2016-04-17 19:29:32 UTC https://padlet.com/The_Homie_Cril/9sucpvev1shm/wish/106192432 Circulatory System The_Homie_Cril https://padlet.com/The_Homie_Cril/9sucpvev1shm/wish/106192448 The circulatory system is known to be a highway for blood. But, it goes into much more detail than that. It is made up of three independent systems; the heart, lungs ;and arteries, veins, coronary and portal vessels. In the average human, about 2,000 gallons of blood travel daily through about 60,000 miles of blood vessels. An average adult has 5 to 6 quarts of blood, which is made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. In addition to blood, the circulatory system moves lymph, which is a clear fluid that helps rid the body of unwanted material. The heart, blood, and blood vessels make up the cardiovascular component of the circulatory system. It includes the pulmonary circulation, a "loop" through the lungs where blood is oxygenated. It also incorporates the systemic circulation, which runs through the rest of the body to provide oxygenated blood.

Heart
The heart is a muscular organ that functions as the bodys circulatory pump. It is about the size of a closed fist. It takes in deoxygenated blood then pumps it to the lungs to be oxygenated, after it pumps the oxygenated blood through veins and ditributes it throughout the body.

Lungs
The lungs take in blood with no oxygen in it and then pumps it with oxygen it got from the outside air.]]> 2016-04-17 19:29:50 UTC https://padlet.com/The_Homie_Cril/9sucpvev1shm/wish/106192448 Digestive System The_Homie_Cril https://padlet.com/The_Homie_Cril/9sucpvev1shm/wish/106192470 The digestive system is a group of organs that work together to convert food to energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body. Food passes through a long tube inside the body known as the alimentary canal or the gastrointestinal tract. The alimentary canal is made up of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, and large intestines. Accessory organs of the digestive system include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Stomach 
The stomach is a sac made of muscles on the left side of the abdominal cavity. It should be around the size of two fistsplaced next to each other. It acts as a storage fro large amounts of food so the body has enough time to digest all of it. 

Small Intestine 
The small intestine is a long, thin tube about 1 inch in diameter and about 10 feet long that is part of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Its located under the stomach. It takes up most of the space in the abdominal cavity.  The entire small intestine is coiled like a hose and the inside surface is full of many ridges and folds. These folds are used to maximize the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients. By the time food leaves the small intestine, around 90% of all nutrients have been extracted from the food that entered it. 

Large Intestine
The large intestine is a long, thick tube about 2 ½ inches in diameter and about 5 feet long. It is located just inferior to the stomach and wraps around the superior and lateral border of the small intestine. The large intestine absorbs water and contains many symbiotic bacteria that aid in the breaking down of wastes to extract some small amounts of nutrients. Feces in the large intestine exit the body through the anal canal.]]> 2016-04-17 19:30:24 UTC https://padlet.com/The_Homie_Cril/9sucpvev1shm/wish/106192470 Endocrine System The_Homie_Cril https://padlet.com/The_Homie_Cril/9sucpvev1shm/wish/106192490 The endocrine system is made up of all the glands in the body and the hormones produced by these glands. The glands are controlled by stimulation of the nervous system as well as chemical receptors in the blood and hormones produced by other glands. While regulating the functions of organs in the body, these glands help maintain homeostasis in the body. Things that can be controlled b the actions of hormones are cellular metabolism, reproduction, sexual development, sugar and mineral homeostasis, heart rate, and digestion.

Pancreas
The Pancreas is a large gland located just under and posterior to the stomach. The pancreas is considered to be a heterocrine gland as it contains both endocrine and exocrine tissue. The endocrine cells of the pancreas make up just about 1% of the total mass of the pancreas and are found in small groups throughout the pancreas called islets of Langerhans.

Gonads
The gonads—ovaries in females and testes in males—are responsible for producing the sex hormones of the body. These sex hormones determine the secondary sex characteristics of adult females and adult males.]]> 2016-04-17 19:30:41 UTC https://padlet.com/The_Homie_Cril/9sucpvev1shm/wish/106192490