History Chapter 9 Roberts Timeline by Makenna

Bilingual Education Act

robe0807 — 2024-10-16 23:38:02 UTC

The Bilingual Education Act was created in 1968 stating that bilingual education programs were to be included in the federal educational policy. This allowed funds to be used for the education of students who did not speak English as their first language. This act was important to bilingual education because with the federal recognition and funds for bilingual programs, more of these programs were able to be offered to students who need it and expanded bilingual education opportunities within schools.

No Child Left Behind

robe0807 — 2024-10-16 23:52:25 UTC

The "No Child Left Behind" act was approved on December 13, 2001 but was not much of an advancement for bilingual education. Much of the language used in this act focused on the deficits of the students rather than their potential. An example of this is the label "LEPs" or "Limited English proficient". Much of the focus was taken off of bilingualism and was rather put onto English acquisition and testing. This was very assessment driven rather than language improvement driven. Failure to succeed in these assessments often became the school or teacher's issue. Even though this act was not very helpful or liked, it did not see a change until 2015, due to a lack of action in congress.

Lau VS. Nichols

robe0807 — 2024-10-17 00:03:19 UTC

Lau VS. Nichols was a court case of Chinese-speaking students against the San Francisco School District in 1970. There was question of whether non-English speaking students were getting valuable educational opportunities when being taught in an unknown language. This case was accepted by the U.S. Supreme court in 1974 and was established that English mainstreaming programs were not useful or allowed for students who were not at a proficient level of English. It was ruled unequal for students who do not speak English to be taught in this way, even if they had equal tools and curriculums, being that learning in a non-proficient language is more of a disadvantage.

Rise of Immigration

robe0807 — 2024-10-17 00:33:30 UTC

During the 20th century, there was a significant increase in immigration in the U.S. and many classrooms became filled with these immigrants. Due to fear of foreigners, there was a push for assimilation within the schools and society and many of them focused on Americanization. English was becoming more of a requirement for immigrant students.

Congressional Caucus on America's Languages

robe0807 — 2024-10-17 00:43:57 UTC

in November 2019, the Congressional Caucus on America's Languages was made, which looked to increase understandings of world languages in order to improve the education for English language learners. It seeks to increase bilingualism in the U.S. in order to benefit the U.S.'s economic and national security. This was important to bilingualism since there has been much lack in studying and prioritizing bilingualism in the past.