https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx en-us 2021-01-11 12:29:27 UTC 2023-03-07 22:56:54 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1226260288 Removal of clitoris. 
Emotional and physical abuse  

]]> 2021-02-22 13:18:07 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1226260288 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1226291359 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 
Anger bursts. 
Feels misplaced in society ]]> 2021-02-22 13:25:39 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1226291359 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1228228411 medical complications in the future such as infertility

]]> 2021-02-22 19:03:49 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1228228411 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1228238934 Must consider the path that has led someone to believe in this practice e.g. religion and work on re education.]]> 2021-02-22 19:05:54 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1228238934 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1230541598 developing infections such as tetanus, HIV and hepatitis B/C.]]> 2021-02-23 09:50:00 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1230541598 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1230547024 UK home office has found these backgrounds of women are more likely to be at risk; Somali, Kenyan, Ethiopian, Sudanese, Egyptian, Nigerian, Yemeni, Kurdish and Indonesian]]> 2021-02-23 09:51:35 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1230547024 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1230555006 There are 4 types of FGM
1. Total removal of the clitoral glands 
2. Partial removal of the clitoral glands
3. narrowing of the vaginal opening (infibulation)
4. all other harmful procedures - pricking, scraping and cauterizing the genital area.]]> 2021-02-23 09:53:55 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1230555006 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1230567195 FGM is seen as a way to raise a girl and prepare her for adulthood and marriage.]]> 2021-02-23 09:57:42 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1230567195 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1230571060 Many cultures believe that it reduces a woman's libido which stops her from having sexual acts.]]> 2021-02-23 09:58:40 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1230571060 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1230746300 Developing sti like HIV and others and getting emotional and physical abuse on a day to day basis]]> 2021-02-23 10:54:57 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/1230746300 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2061058990 Removal of clitoris, stitching up of vagina
Infections ]]> 2022-02-22 17:37:11 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2061058990 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2061060964 feeling different to everybody else 
Exclusion 
emotional abuse ]]> 2022-02-22 17:38:01 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2061060964 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2061062255 infection and pain ]]> 2022-02-22 17:38:43 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2061062255 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2061063309 anger 
exclusion in society 
embarrassed ]]> 2022-02-22 17:39:19 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2061063309 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2061066234 it is a normal practice in some cultures so they dont see it as an issue or face the consequences in their own culture but when their culture is not spread through society it is seen as abnormal and abuse and leads to emtional abuse and exclusion ]]> 2022-02-22 17:40:56 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2061066234 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2061067594 it is abuse 
can cause infection 
can cause death 
is not a legal practice in the UK]]> 2022-02-22 17:41:41 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2061067594 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2490279006 Bleeding, urinary problems & infections]]> 2023-02-21 20:57:29 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2490279006 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2490280132 FGM is often considered a necessary part of raising a girl, and a way to prepare her for adulthood and marriage. This can include controlling her sexuality to promote premarital virginity and marital fidelity.]]> 2023-02-21 20:58:36 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2490280132 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2494339909 no clit
pain/ excessive bleeding
long term pain
long term heavy extreme periods
mutilated vagina and other bits around that area
not being able to have children
no being able to naturally give birth
feeling not like a women
embarrassment
stress to find a sexual partner
struggles to feel pleasure
depression
anxiety
mental health issues
infections

]]> 2023-02-24 20:22:11 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2494339909 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2494341252 no clit
pain
painful periods
bleeding]]> 2023-02-24 20:24:07 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2494341252 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2494342395 no clit
painful periods
cant give birth
cant get pregnant
cant experience pleasure

]]> 2023-02-24 20:25:37 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2494342395 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2494344048 mental health
depression
anxiety
struggling to understand your body
struggling to find a sexual partner/ experience pleasure
having a baby
feeling embarrassed
feeling un women like
feeling ugly and undesirable]]> 2023-02-24 20:27:47 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2494344048 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2494346213 religion
children, might be pushed out of family if not complied
global, hard to police
acceptable in certain countries, hard to police and educate]]> 2023-02-24 20:30:53 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2494346213 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2495391543 visible: modification to the female genital region eg removal of clitoris, vagina stitched up. 
signs of infection as a result.
scarring
invisible: 
trauma- physical, emotional, psychological
infertility, hormonal issues surrounding periods. 
exclusion from society causing poor mental health


]]> 2023-02-26 17:09:23 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2495391543 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2495393505 short term: pain. confusion. infection. bleeding. genitals missing.
medium term: genitals missing. painful periods. painful sex. cannot understand the element of pleasure. 
long term: poor mental health. infertility. lack of self confidence. exclusion from society.]]> 2023-02-26 17:12:51 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2495393505 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2495395558 the culture it has occurred within. if religion has had influence. previous history of FGM in family. children may be abandoned if they do not comply. it is a global issue therefore very difficult to police if not all countries have equal understanding and realise that it is an illegal act with dire consequences. difficult to change peoples perceptions if they are so culturally driven and emphasise the importance of the tradition within cultures. 

]]> 2023-02-26 17:16:15 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2495395558 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2496815775 removal of the genitalia 
bleeding 

infertility
infection 
mental issues ]]> 2023-02-27 18:13:51 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2496815775 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2497173853 Visible effects: partial or total removal of clitoris 
Invisible effects: emotional trauma, physical/mental suffering 
Short-term effects: Susceptible to infection, physical pain 
Long-term effects: Medical complications, mental health issues due to trauma experienced 
Cultural factors: It is seen as the ‘right’ thing to do in some cultures which puts a lot of pressure on young girls and their family circle. Although some cultures reasoning behind why they believe the procedure is necessary is vocalised, the majority of young girls do not want to participate but also do not want to feel the shame (and face other troubles) by not going through with the procedure. It is important that they are protected by being made feel safe and supported, and told that they are not ‘wrong’ for not conforming. ]]> 2023-02-28 00:04:12 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2497173853 https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2507636753 Cultural : 
(Specifically cultures from parts of Africa, Asia and the Middle East) 

- in some cultures, FGM is considered to be the 'norm', so families will ensure their daughters undergo FGM so that they are not judged by or isolated from their communities.  

- Sometimes FGM is considered culturally as a 'right of passage' into puberty and womanhood.

- Sometimes, culturally, people will believe that FGM is necessary to preserve a girl for marriage and marital sex. FGM is used in such cases to preserve a girl's virginity, to make sex more pleasurable for her husband, or to restrict the girl's sexualilty until she is married, this is particularly true in the case of stitching. ]]> 2023-03-07 22:56:54 UTC https://padlet.com/swaite10/9qr0afydl5u5qzcx/wish/2507636753