Microbiology Class Spring 2019 by https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354 Wiki Discussion en-us 2019-01-17 17:38:31 UTC 2019-05-09 02:49:28 UTC hello@padlet.com Measles and Religion olivia_yapp https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/352413926 There is a crazy pull between religious beliefs and sciences understanding and stance on vaccination. There has been an extreme outbreak of measles in New York, more specifically within a Jewish community. The jewish community is under attack because their religious stance is not to vaccinate. Other city residents believe these zip codes should face consequences/ the law should come down more strictly if unvaccinated because of the exponential spread/growth rate of measles case. So this article was interesting to me, because the battle of religion/law/health is sticky.

]]> 2019-04-17 19:29:38 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/352413926 Sea Change:A normally land-based microbiologist sets sail to find the building blocks of novel antibiotics in marine bacteria. jaycasten https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/352676092 Around 25,000 people a year in Europe alone, die due to complications from antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 

Microbiologists do all they can to find new synthetic chemicals and compounds that will destroy these resistant bacteria, and now they have gone a step further....They are heading out to SEA!!

William Fenical states, “Seawater has a million microbes per milliliter, with even more potential for diversity in sediment and on-shore surfaces,”...This article looks at one Microbiologist from Denmark, who is putting on her sea hat for an expedition in microbe hunting!!

Resistant bacteria are surely becoming more intense, but thankfully we have many motivated scientists in the world, that aggressively meet pathogen challenges head on!!

]]> 2019-04-18 21:16:56 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/352676092 At Home Disease Testing avsalvo1 https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/352988595 Mammoth Bio-sciences is making headlines again, no not for resurrecting a mammoth as has previously caused stirs in the scientific communities, but for advances in diagnostic testing that may soon bring disease testing directly to the patients home. Similar to the concept that is used for donation databases, parental, and ancestry DNA testing, using urine or saliva samples, Crispr proteins are gathered with at home testing kit that will speed up the process of identifying diseases such as HPV and Malaria by detecting viruses genetic codes. 
With diagnostics being a medical field not getting much attention this is a great step in the right direction that may eventually save time and money. ]]> 2019-04-22 04:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/352988595 Natural history of Impetigo mariyoung14 https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353124250 As we discussed skin disease in chapter 21, one that stuck out to me was impetigo. I had heard about it and knew the gist of it, but found it very intriguing. (and gross, but that's beside the point). In the year of 2000 there was an increase in impetigo cases. (caused by staphylococcus aureus resistance). However, an article posted by the American Society for Clinical Investigation studied the interrelation between the bacteria common with impetigo (streptococci and staphylococcus aureus). 
Streptococci was recovered from 361 lesions at 21 percent, while staphylococcus at 8 percent. Streptococci were often in the beginning phase of the lesions, occurring in phases. However, the site of sequence for staphylococcus aureus spread from normal skin to skin lesions, migrating to various parts of the body. So while strep and staph are both predominant bacterial genera recovered from impetigo lesions, staphylococci are considered second invaders. ]]> 2019-04-22 17:24:33 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353124250 Measles GabeRomero1224 https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353183509 In class we have talked alot about measles. I find it interesting because with the measle outbreak we can clearly see how much a vaccine can do. According to the CDC this year is highest outbreak since it was reportedly eradicated in 2000, there was also a outbreak in 2014 on smaller scale of about 300 cases. Now that their are those against vaccines, we are seeing more and more eradicated diseases coming back. There are now 22 states that have reported measles cases all adding to a number of over 600 cases total.
https://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html]]> 2019-04-22 21:08:52 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353183509 Rabies morgankmadril https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353193413 In chapter one we briefly discussed what the rabies virus is. I recently did some more research on the virus and feel the need to talk about some interesting facts. Most cases of rabies come from wild animals such as bats, foxes, skunks, and raccoons. This virus begins with your basic symptoms such as fever and headache then progresses to anxiety, confusing and some paralysis. When bitten the amount of saliva also increases this is why we see foaming at the mouth. The rabies virus when in the system will act very carefully making sure the immune system doesn't notice any changes. On the many downsides to rabies one the saddest things is possibly having to euthanize your animal if infected by the virus. ]]> 2019-04-22 22:27:42 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353193413 Polio and the last surviving iron lung users. mdixon43 https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353217854 In class, we went over polio which is a viral disease that reached pandemic levels levels in the 1950's. Once infected with the virus it can enter your blood stream. From your blood stream it can enter your central nervous system (CNS) where it has a high affinity for motor nerve cells. As the virus replicates in nerve cells the nerve cells die and it causes paralysis. often with paralytic polio respiratory failure was common due to paralyzed chest wall muscles. A Dallas attorney is one of the last people in the untied states who uses an out dated mechanical ventilator called the iron lung. Because his lungs our too weak for modern ventilators he is still confined to the iron lung which uses positive and negative pressure to allows him to breath. ]]> 2019-04-23 01:30:58 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353217854 Rubella vbigley https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353218571 In class we talked about Rubella also known as the German Measles. Rubella is a virus which causes a fever, respiratory problems, and a rash of pinkish red-ish spots. It can cause mild symptoms but it also causes arthritis, encephalitis, and neuritis. I thought that this article was interesting because the website gave a little bit of history about the vaccine to help prevent rubella. The article explains that the first Rubella vaccine was created in 1969 and was used in combination with the measles and mumps vaccine. Ten years later in 1979, Plotkin developed the RA27/3 vaccine which has now offered protection against the disease and has replaced the original Rubella vaccine. It is still used today and is recommended by doctors in the United States. ]]> 2019-04-23 01:35:22 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353218571 Possible pink eye vax erin_murphy19 https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353218889 There is currently a vaccine for conjunctiva (pink eye) in cattle. This was developed because of how quickly it spreads through a heard of cattle. It's a dose of 2ml IM into the neck before any onset of pinkeye. In the future this could help us develop a vaccination for humans. Especially for young children where this infection is most common. ]]> 2019-04-23 01:37:12 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353218889 Risks vs benefits of the rabies vaccine valerie_i_reid https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353225082 The rabies vaccine is routinely given to animals and those who are considered high risk for contact like veterinary workers, however normally not given otherwise unless exposure occurs. The unusually long incubation period of the disease makes the vaccine effective when given after exposure, but carries a higher risk of side effects than some other vaccines. The following article discusses why the rabies vaccine is more beneficial when used on this case by case basis rather than routinely given. https://www.quora.com/Why-dont-humans-get-anti-rabies-vaccinations-since-rabies-is-nearly-100-fatal ]]> 2019-04-23 02:19:29 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353225082 Normandi Guarienti THE RESURGENCE OF CHICKENPOX https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353227649 Many years ago chickenpox seemed to be a common outbreak in which effected populations. In the 2900's vaccines were created in order to stop the outbreaks of killing off populations and protect the people. For this wiki I chose to google recent outbreaks of chickenpox's. One of the main causes for recent outbreaks is the cause of people who do not vaccinate their children. Of course even in recent outbreaks the symptoms are the same initially with fever, malaise, fatigue, and a headache, followed by an itchy, full-body rash. Earlier this week, there was a chickenpox outbreak in Asheville, North Carolina. North Carolina is the largest state that has seen since the creation of a vaccine. The case count currently stands at 36, up from 28 at the beginning of November. This outbreak is centered around the Asheville Walford School, a private school with the highest religious vaccination exemption rate in the county. ]]> 2019-04-23 02:33:55 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353227649 whats making you itch? kelsiwhitaker14 https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353236428 In class we discussed scabies. In this article there is an outbreak in a hospital. Such little insects can infest and spread rapidly. These scabies cause itching and from the itching can create a second infection. As the article states just reading about bugs makes me itch. They can spread from close contact. Making sense that in a hospital the scabies spread. Not only do they spread from contact but can be in linens as well. The children show symptoms of itching in areas like the wrist and fingers. Adults in the armpits. Reading about and learning about scabies is an itchy subject. No scabies for me. 

]]> 2019-04-23 03:37:09 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353236428 olivia_yapp https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353897732 2019-04-24 19:34:36 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353897732 Untreatable form of Lyme disease COULD HIT 2 MILLION AMERICANS BY 2020 wiki 7 https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353919788 SAMANTHA MITCHELL

As we learned in chapter 23 about Lyme disease. The most common vector-borne illness in the U.S., Lyme disease is caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium, which is spread by infected ticks. Sufferers can have a fever, headache, chills, fatigue, joint and muscle ache and swollen lymph nodes. In many cases, patients experience an erythema migrans rash that can grow up to 12 inches around the area of the tick bite. Around 329,000 cases are thought to occur each year, although the true number of infections is thought to be higher.]]> 2019-04-24 20:58:28 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353919788 Dont Kiss Me https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353972207 Angelina Salvo
A warning has hit the local media in Colorado about the dangers of the kissing bug. The Reduviid bug, better known as the kissing bug is directly linked to the spread of Changas'  Disease, or American Trypanosomiasis. Changas' was predominantly found in tropical countries but has found its way into the U.S.  It has a tendency to bite humans after feeding on various mammals such as rodents. The feces carried on the bugs feet is then left In the new portal of entry and itching or scratching causing the infection to spread.  If left untreated or undiagnosed heart damage may occur in young children.  Esophageal damage leading to difficulty swallowing is also another effect of prolong exposure to trypanosoma. This relates to the microbial Diseases of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems covered in chapter 23, but hits a little to close to home.]]> 2019-04-25 02:34:24 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/353972207 Vital Signs: Epidemiology and Recent Trends in Methicillin-Resistant and in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections — United States myleevigil2018 https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/354618066 Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of community- and health care–associated infections (1), ranging from superficial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) to invasive infections, sepsis, and death. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has long been recognized as a pathogen associated with health care settings; however, in the 1990s, community-associated MRSA infections, causing mostly SSTI, emerged in the United States (2). Substantial progress has been achieved in preventing MRSA bloodstream infections in U.S. health care facilities (3–5) after widespread introduction of enhanced infection control efforts in acute-care hospitals.]]> 2019-04-26 23:09:27 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/354618066 Gas Gangrene The bacteria disease Gas Gangrene caused by Clostridium perfringens is a spore-forming Gram-positive anaerobe bacterium. The bacterium is found in soil and in the gut some animal. The bacteria ability to cause gas gangrene is to the production a protein toxin. Gas gangrene is a disease that occur in compromised individual such as, muscle injuries, severely damaged tissues, wounds that are very deep, and wounds that are contaminated with stool or dirt, especially those that might occur on a farm. Gas gangrene is a disease which affects the muscle and is often referred to as clostridial myonecrosis. Severe traumatic that damage the circulatory system has poor blood flow and low oxygen to the affected area. Smoking also plays a factor in poorly oxygenated tissues. Gas Gangrene can spread into surrounding tissues if the blood supply into these tissues is reduced and if the ability of the host to raise an inflammatory response involving phagocytes is suppressed. The infection can spread rapidly from healthy tissues, and an entire limb may become gangrenous within the space of a few hours. Amputation of the infected limb or removal of all the infected tissues is the only effective treatment. Therefore, without some type of treatment, the toxins produced by the bacteria will eventually kill the patient. Flora Colson https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/354637888 Walckenaer E, Poirel L, Leflon-Guibout V, et al. ]]> 2019-04-27 03:33:00 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/354637888 https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/354638102 2019-04-27 03:37:12 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/354638102 🤬 : An approach for targeting HIV reservoirs SMITCHELL150 https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/354903219 In chapter 26 we learn about microbial diseases of the urinary system. 🤬 affects the urinary system.  Current HIV treatments need to be taken for life by those infected as antiretroviral therapy is unable to eliminate viral reservoirs lurking in immune cells. Scientists have identified the characteristics of CD4 T lymphocytes that are preferentially infected by the virus. Thanks to metabolic activity inhibitors, the researchers have managed to destroy these infected cells, or 'reservoirs', ex vivo. ]]> 2019-04-29 06:55:14 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/354903219 Tapeworms morgankmadril https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/355235145 Tapeworms are one of the most common parasitic infections that targets humans. Usually when a human ingests undercooked meat it allows the tapeworm to make its way inside. Tapeworms are identified by the animals that they come from. The tapeworm lifecycle consists of three stages. It begins with the egg then larva, lastly it turns into an adult. If someone is infected with the worm and isn't sanitary for examples not washing their hands after the restroom, they can pass on the worm. The tapeworm eggs are passed through having bowel movements so when the hands touch prepared food it is then transmitted. Your doctor will diagnose the tapeworm via feces or through blood tests. ]]> 2019-04-29 23:21:07 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/355235145 Salmonella outbreak in several states GabeRomero1224 https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/356449011 Salmonella as we learned is common illness caused by undercooked food and e coli. According the CDC the outbreak is in 10 states mostly in the south eastern part of the U.S. including Florida and Tennessee. The outbreak is mostly coming from restraunts who bought their meat from "Grant Park Packing in Franklin Park, Ill" the meat recalled on April 24th is estimated at over 53,000 pounds.
https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/2019/o103-04-19/index.html]]> 2019-05-03 01:19:45 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/356449011 Flu and Whooping Cough Vaccines Don’t Harm Babies jaycasten https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/356973642 Chapter 24 brings us to Microbial diseases of the respiratory system, and among some of the most heartbreaking cases, there is Pertussis; Whooping cough. This can wreak havoc on children and infants especially, and we see continued confirmation for way of vaccinations here. Maybe we don't exercise every single vaccine allowed, but it is the job of us that are going to be having children, to find out the latest and best information about protecting our little ones. 

This article has some very solid evidence regarding the use of the T-dap vaccine, at least for a pregnant mom-to-be; absolutely terrible to have to watch your baby go through something so brutal, when it can be eradicated so safely it seems.]]> 2019-05-05 19:34:22 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/356973642 Maybe shes born with it! https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/356997958 You are born with PCOS, thanks to your mom.
Although I already posted my last 2 wiki posts I wanted to share this info as PCOS has affected a number if us.
Interesting article about new research on PCOS leading to the clinical development of the first drug designed to battle polysystolic ovary syndrome.
-With plans to trial the drug in humans, the next tests are planned to take place later in the year.
“It could be an attractive strategy to restore ovulation and eventually increase the pregnancy rate in these women,” said Giacobini, reports New Scientist.



]]> 2019-05-05 23:15:27 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/356997958 Oral Vaccine of Hepatitis B Wiki 8 vbigley https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/357011605 In class we have been discussing Hepatitis and how it can affect the body systemically. We somewhat touched on what we can do to protect ourselves from it. I thought that this article was interesting because researchers have found a way to give an oral vaccine for Hepatitis B. Small children are most at risk for being infected, and many people in the world are not vaccinated against Hepatitis B. The researchers say that eliminating the use of the needle itself allows children to not have to deal with being poked. They also said that it eliminates the needs of using a sharps container and needing to use sterilized needles. I thought that this was a good idea because it can help eliminate the risk of infection through exposure to others' bodily fluids. The researchers also brought to the attention of readers that oral vaccinations are less expensive than administered injections. They also found that the vaccine is clumping while administered and this is making it less effective. While I think that this is a really exciting way to administer medications, I still believe that scientists have a long way to go on making more vaccinations to be orally administered. ]]> 2019-05-06 00:59:23 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/357011605 Bacterial diseases of the Nervous System. Wiki 8 mariyoung14 https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/357051284 Discussing diseases of all kinds throughout chapters 24-26, the microbial diseases of the nervous system caught most of my attention. Most microbial diseases of the brain are considered extremely serious as they have an effect on critical functions of the brain. Meningiococccal meningitis in particular, caused by a gram negative diplococcus is transmitted through the respiratory route inhabiting the nasopharynx. Patients often suffer signs and symptoms such as seizures, headaches, etc. 

Haemophilus isa small, gram negative rod that affects young children (generally in the first few years of life), qualified as a nerve disorder. This generally involves potential mental issues, nerve damage. and in the most serious cases, permanent mental damage. 

Leprosy, a disease we have studied both in class and in lab, is considered a disease that can destroy not only peripheral nerves but those of the skin as well. Acid fast bacillus is often involved (mycobacterium). This organism may be known as the Hansen's disease. 
]]> 2019-05-06 05:21:00 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/357051284 Taking it too far Wiki 8 erin_murphy19 https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/357398819 At first site most people, like me, are grossed out by tape worms. But there are some people who use tape worms for quick weight loss. This Iowa women sparked an internet debate over ingesting tape worms. This is apparently becoming a trend in Hong Kong, even against doctor recommendations. ]]> 2019-05-06 21:37:53 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/357398819 Why “Chickenpox Parties” Are a Terrible Idea—in Case It’s Not Obvious .. WIKI 7 -- Tyler Bueno https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/357917115 It was previously reported that the Kentucky governor, Matt Bevin, stated that he exposed his nine unvaccinated kids to a chicken pox party. Without the proper vaccine, chicken pox can do horrendous things to the body. That itchy disease can cause brain inflammation, hemorrhaging, blood stream infections, and dehydration. If a pregnant woman is exposed to chicken pox, there is a small chance that it can lead to birth defects. If people keep sending their unvaccinated children to chicken pox parties, then the virus will circulate. Chicken pox is a preventable disease to vaccinate.]]> 2019-05-08 05:48:37 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/357917115 Does Herpes Cause Alzheimer's? ... WIKI 8 -- Tyler Bueno https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/357918139 The herpes virus is dubbed 'the gift that keeps on giving.' They remain in the brain as lifelong neurons and immune cells. But did you know it can also be taking our memories as well? Decades of research states that there is a quite scary correlation between Alzheimer's and herpes. Professor Itzhaki says that, "HSV1 could account for 50% of Alzheimer's cases." "They also incentivize development of an HSV1 vaccine, which would likely be the most effective treatment." There has been a growing use worldwide of HPV vaccination to prevent cervical cancer -- another virus-disease link which emerged in a similar process of research.

]]> 2019-05-08 05:56:55 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/357918139 In 1855, a German bacteriologist by the name of Theodor Escherich discovered E. Coli in the human colon, a severe and harm producing bacteria that causes enterohemorrhagic. ((http://www.fda.gov/For Consumers/Consumer updates/ucm049070.htm). Enterohemorrhagic is the bacteria’s ability to damage the intestine and cause of bloody diarrhea, as well as, brain, and kidney damage. E-Coli 0157: H7 is a bacterium mainly found in the feces of the beef and dairy of cattle, pigs, and poultry. The contaminated feces from animals may be transferred to vegetable and fruit. Escherichia coli (E. Coli) is the most widespread infecting organism in the family of gram-negative bacteria know as Enterobacteriaceae. Escherichia coli 0157: H7 is a stereotype species of bacteria. Shiga is one type of E. coli producing disease known to cause foodborne illness, through consumption of contaminated and undercooked food, including unpasteurized milk and undercooked ground beef. Escherichia coli occurs when bacterial fimbriae attach to the enterocyte (causing an infection of the ileum and colon). The bacterial translocated intimin receptor (Tir), migrated to the enterocyte, which binds to the Tir, releasing the Shiga toxin by the bacteria. The Shiga toxins bind to the receptor Gb3/Gb4, and the virus internalizes inside the cell. Shiga toxins stop protein synthesis, which leads to cell damage, bloody diarrhea, and death. Shiga toxins enter circulation and cause damage to the red blood cells, platelets, kidney, and brain, and can lead to possible death. (Meyer, Ralph R, 2015, p 396, 398, 3p) A regulatory representative made a change regarding meat and food preparation but despite the improvements, there continue to be outbreaks of the harmful and deadly bacteria of E-Coli. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) inspects the food manufacturing facility and determines the potential risk for E. Coli contamination. The public health officials learn of potential E. coli contamination in any food product. the food is contaminated, the FDA issues a recall and reports that there is an E. coli epidemic associated with a particular food source. The contaminated food is removed from the marketplace, and an announcement of the recall is made on television. The food source is labeled and removed from the market to prevent further E. Coli outbreaks. (http://www.fda.gov/For Consumers/Consumer updates/ucm049070.htm). https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/358161266 2019-05-08 17:26:38 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/358161266 A new facility located in a congested community with high tuberculosis rates brings basic science and cutting edge techniques into the heart of disease circulation. myleevigil2018 https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/358168323
In Masiphumelele, an informal settlement of tin shacks, squat brick buildings, and narrow lanes south of Cape Town, 23,000 people go to school, run businesses, sleep, and socialize cheek by jowl. As a result, communicable diseases are rife—especially tuberculosis (TB), which infects around 80 percent of residents by the time they reach adulthood. 
A new research facility opened here this month aims to curb TB by studying how it is transmitted in the local community. The R10 million ($700,000 USD) Aerobiology TB Research Facility will allow microbiologists from the University of Cape Town (UCT) to study Mycobacterium tuberculosis captured from the exhaled air of local TB patients.
It will do so using locally developed technology. On the ground floor of the two-story building, TB patients will enter into a “clean box” about the size of a phone booth and spend some time in there. The air in the box—about 300 liters—will be vacuumed up and run through sterile water, locking any particulate matter including bacteria in a 5-milliliter tube. Scientists will then scour the samples for TB bugs.
For now, it’s not the easiest or cheapest way to identify TB infection. But in time, the scientists hope to scale it up into a high-throughput diagnostic tool to help identify so-called “super-spreaders” in the community. They also want to identify the locations in the community where TB is spread, which would help target TB prevention services. “We want to find everyone who is transmitting in the neighborhood,” says Robin Wood, director of UCT’s Desmond Tutu HIV Centre and one of the brains behind the new site. 
]]> 2019-05-08 17:39:09 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/358168323 Stopping the progression of periodontal disease valerie_i_reid https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/358288469 In chapter 25 we discussed microbial diseases of the digestive system including infection of the gums, or gingivitis. This article discusses in more detail the causative organisms of gingivitis as well as how the disease progresses and how to prevent it.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8259/]]> 2019-05-09 00:38:33 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/358288469 Wiki 7 K_russell_ https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/358304462 A personal view on Lyme's disease. 
5 years ago my friend, who lives in Maine, thought she had the flu. She was one of those people who never went to the hospital but after a month of feeling under the weather she finally went in. It seemed like as soon as she was diagnosed her signs and symptoms just continued to get worse and worse. She lost a lot of her hair (which doesn't typically happen) but ultimately, and what she still struggles with the most is the arthritis (that continues to get worse). After watching everything she's been though, I feel like there isn't enough publicity on the dangers of contracting Lyme disease, especially in the states where ticks are looking to hitch a ride to get some lunch while you're just walking through the grass to mailbox. This article highlights the dangers of Lyme disease and brings attention to the fact that it is a serious and rapidly growing issue.]]> 2019-05-09 01:59:45 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/358304462 Wiki 8 K_russell_ https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/358308920 A personal view on Gangrene. 
I might as well wrap up these Wiki posts with personal experiences! 
First of all, no one really emphasizes the smell Gangrene has. It is terrible. My Grandmother had told me that she had some "sores" on her feet after dropping something heavy on her toes, but she didn't want to take her band 🤬 off to show me. A week later she did show me (at that point she had ace bandages on)...and I was not prepared for the black necrosis of her skin or the fact that there were larvae infested in it. Or the smells that it produced. Since she had waited so long to go to the doctor, the Gangrene in both of her legs had progressed so terribly that she ended up having to have both of her legs amputated. The progression of her wounds, to necrosis from dropping something on her feet, to the double amputation was bind blowing. From start to finish it was about a 4-5 week ordeal. At first she refused to believe that she needed her legs to be amputated but then she started going into septic shock and she nearly died before she agreed to it. ]]> 2019-05-09 02:26:22 UTC https://padlet.com/amanda_mayes/9qo32rpt8354/wish/358308920